Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Peningkatan kasus diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan berbagai komplikasinya memberikan dampak gangguan fungsional seseorang dalam bentuk gangguan kognitif dan kapasitas fisik. Keduanya masih reversibel dan baru diketahui berhubungan sehingga disebut sebagai PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). Kondisi PCDS baru dipelajari pada lansia dan belum spesifik pada penyandang DMT2.TujuanMengetahui korelasi antara kendali glikemik dengan komponen physiocognitive decline syndrome pada penyandang DMT2 dewasa usia pertengahan.Metode Studi potong lintang menggunakan consecutive sampling dari pasien di poliklinik metabolik endokrin dan poli jantung terpadu sejak Januari 2021 – November 2022. Subjek DMT2 berusia 40 – 59 tahun diinklusi. Pemeriksaan kekuatan genggam tangan, dan kecepatan berjalan 6-meter diperiksakan di ruangan standar. MoCA-Ina dilakukan oleh dokter yang telah dilatih. Data HbA1c subjek yang diperiksa adalah HbA1c 3 bulan terakhir. Analisis korelasi Pearson’s atau Spearman’s pada SPSS 20.0 dilakukan sesuai sebaran data.Hasil Sebanyak 133 subjek telah dianalisis. Usia median mencapai 53 tahun dengan proporsi laki-laki dan perempuan serta komplikasi pada masing-masing kateori kendali glikemik (batas HbA1c 7,0%) serupa. Subjek didominasi dengan pendidikan SMA dan Sarjana/Diploma. Median durasi terdiagnosisnya diabetes melitus mencapai 7 tahun dengan HbA1c median 7.6%. Nilai MoCA-Ina pada subjek mencapai nilai median 24 dengan kecepatan berjalan rerata 1.02 + 0.23 m/detik dan median kekuatan genggam tangan 24 kg. Terdapat korelasi bermakna hanya pada HbA1c dengan kekutan genggam tangan (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01), terutama pada perempuanKesimpulanTerdapat korelasi bermakna antara kendali glikemik dan kekuatan genggam tangan.

---

Increasing cases of type 2 diabetes melitus (T2DM) including its complication have caused functional dysfunction consisted of cognitive decline and physical incapacity. Both cognitive decline and physical incapacity had been just known to be reversible and related to each other, so it is termed as PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). However, it had been just evaluated in geriatric and not specific to T2DM patient.

To investigate the correlation between glycaemic correlation and component of physiocognitive decline syndrome in middle-aged adult with T2DM.

A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling in our metabolic and endocrine clinic and integrated heart centre in January 2021 – November 2022 had been conducted. Inclusion criteria was 40 – 59 years old subjects with T2DM. Measurement of HbA1c in the last 3 month were analysed, while hand grip strength and gait speed were done in standard room. MoCA-Ina had been conducted by trained doctor. Correlation analysis using Pearson’s or Spearman’s in SPSS 20.0 was done according to data distribution.

133 subjects were analysed. Median age was 53 years old with both sex and complication within each glycaemic control category (HbA1c 7,0% cut off) were similar. Subjects were dominated by high school and undergraduate/diploma education level. Most subjects were diagnosed in up to 7 years of T2DM. Median of HbA1c levels in our study was 7.6%. MoCA-Ina score was 24 in median with mean of gait speed was 1.02 + 0.23 m/s. Our median for hand grip was 24 kg. Significant correlation was only found in relationship of HbA1c and hand grip strength (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01).

There was significant correlation between glycaemic control and hand grip strength.

"

"Latar Belakang: Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) merupakan tahap akhir dari penyakit arteri perifer (PAP) yang menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Penyakit arteri perifer dapat menjadi penanda aterotrombosis pada sistem vaskular lainnya. Peran mikrobiota usus dalam penyakit vaskular telah menjadi perhatian dalam penelitian terbaru. Perubahan komposisi mikrobiota usus dapat terjadi pada berbagai penyakit termasuk DM dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) adalah produk fermentasi mikrobiota usus dan dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan usus dan peradangan. SCFA dapat menghambat pembentukan foam cells dan mengurangi produksi sitokin pro-inflamasi oleh endotel. Deposit kalsium pada arteri adalah karakteristik dari proses aterosklerosis dan dapat dinilai menggunakan CT angiography. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kadar SCFA dalam feses dengan tingkat kalsifikasi arteri pada pasien CLTI dengan DM.Metode: Penelitian desain potong lintang pada 30 subjek CLTI dengan DM tipe 2 yang dirawat di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pengukuran kadar SCFA dengan sampel feses. Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 25, nilai p<0.05 menunjukkan kemaknaan secara statistik.Hasil: Sebanyak 30 subjek penelitian CLTI dengan DM, didapatkan 17 subjek dengan diagnosis CLTI ekstremitas inferior sinistra dan 13 subjek dengan diagnosis CLTI ekstremitas inferior dekstra memiliki nilai kalsifikasi terberat pada regio right femoropopliteal dengan skor 449,46 ± 289,92 diikuti regio left femoropopliteal dengan skor 425 (0-6759). Didapatkan korelasi positif sedang antara persentase propionat dan skor LLAC regio left below knee (r=0,521; p= 0,032). Didapatkan korelasi positif lemah antara kadar HDL dengan aortoiliac score (r=0,371; p=0,043). Terdapat korelasi positif sedang pada kadar LDL dengan LLAC regio left below knee (r=0,535; p=0,027) serta korelasi positif kuat antara nilai kolestrol total dengan LLAC regio left below knee (r=0,671; p=0,003).Kesimpulan: Ekskresi SCFA pada feses yang tinggi dapat mencerminkan nilai LLAC yang tinggi terutama regio femoropopliteal pada subjek CLTI dengan diabetes melitus.

---

Background: Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) is the end stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Peripheral artery disease can serve as a marker of atherothrombosis in other vascular systems. The role of gut microbiota in vascular diseases has gained attention in recent research. Changes in gut microbiota composition have been observed in various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are products of gut microbiota fermentation, can influence gut health and inflammation. SCFA can inhibit foam cell formation and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by endothelial cells. Arterial calcification, assessed using CT angiography, is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fecal SCFA levels and arterial calcification in CLTI patients with DM.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 CLTI subjects with type 2 DM who were treated at RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. SCFA levels were measured using fecal samples. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with a significance level of p<0.05.

Results: the 30 CLTI subjects with DM, 17 had CLTI in the left lower extremity and 13 had CLTI in the right lower extremity. The highest calcification score was found in the right femoropopliteal region with a score of 449.46 ± 289.92, followed by the left femoropopliteal region with a score of 425 (0-6759). A moderate positive correlation was found between the percentage of propionate and the LLAC score in the left below knee region (r=0.521; p=0.032). A weak positive correlation was observed between HDL levels and the aortoiliac score (r=0.371; p=0.043). There was a moderate positive correlation between LDL levels and the LLAC score in the left below knee region (r=0.535; p=0.027), as well as a strong positive correlation between total cholesterol levels and the LLAC score in the left below knee region (r=0.671; p=0.003).

Conclusion: High fecal SCFA excretion may reflect high LLAC scores, particularly in the femoropopliteal region, in CLTI subjects with diabetes mellitus.

"

"Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit kronik pada system endokrin yang paling banyak dijumpai dipelayanan kesehatan. Perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan dapat menggunakan berbagai metode pendekatan, salah satunya dengan model pendekatan Self Care Orem yang menggunakan pendekatan untuk memandirikan pasien diabetes melalui manajemen diabetes secara mandiri.Residensi keperawatan medikal bedah peminatan keperawatan endokrin bertujuan melakukan analisis terhadap penerapan model pendekatan Self Care Orem dalam melakukan kegiatan pemberian asuhan keperawatan. Selain itu juga dilakukan penerapan praktek berbasis bukti dengan pengkajian 3 menit kaki diabetesdi poliklinik penyakit dalam diharapkan dapat menjadi skrining terhadap pencegahan terjadinya ulkus diabetik. Selain penerapan Evidence Based Nursing Practice juga dilakukan penerapan inovasi promosi kesehatan dengan tujuan untuk memandirikan pasien dalam melakukan perawatan diri sehari-hari dalam mencegah terjadinya komplikasi diabeti yang dilakukan dipoliklinik penyakit dalam RS. Ciptomangunkusumo, Jakarta. Diharapkan dengan penerapan asuhan keperawatan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Self Care Orem, serta penerapan pengkajian 3 menit kaki diabetik dan promosi kesehatan dapat menjadi acuan dalam penerapan asuhan keperawatan yang komprehensif dan terintegrasi, sehingga pada akhirnya diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kulaitas asuhan keperawatan.

---

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in the endocrine system of the most prevalent in health care system. Nurses in providing nursing care can use various methods for approach , one of them with models of Orem Self Care approach.

That uses approach for diabetic patients through independent diabetes management. Nursing specialist of Medical-Surgical practice for endocrine conduct an analysis of the application models of Orem Self Care approach in the provision of nursing care activities. It also made the application of evidencebased practice with an assessment of the diabetic foot in 3 minutes in outpatient

with diabetic, with the aims to be screened foot problems for prevention of diabetic ulcers.

In addition to the application of evidence -based nursing practice is also carried

out the implementation of inovation prgramme health promotion. The purpose of

this programme is promote patient ability to be independent for perform daily

self-care and prevention from diabetic complication in Cipto Mangunkusumo

Hospital at Jakarta. The cxpectation of implementation of nursing care by using Orem Self Care Approach, 3 minutes diabetic foot assessment and health promotion can be a reference in the implementation of nursing care is comprehensive and integrated , which in turn is expected to improve the quality of nursing care ."

"Diabetes melitus merupakan faktor risiko berkembangnya disfungsi seksualitas pada wanita yang dapat mempengaruhi hasrat seksual, lubrikasi, dispareunia, dan menurunnya kemampuan mencapai orgasme. Masalah disfungsi seksualitas pada pasien diabetes melitus masih merupakan hal yang tabu untuk dibahas secara terbuka karena sulitnya pasien untuk mengungkapkan masalah seksualitasnya kepada petugas kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman disfungsi seksualitas pasien wanita dengan diabetes melitus. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi fenomenologi. Partisipan wanita sejumlah 6 orang dengan kriteria inklusi berusia 18-45 tahun, wanita diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan disfungsi seksual, memiliki pasangan pernikahan yang masih hidup, yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan menggunakan catatan lapangan field note. Setiap partisipan diberikan kuesioner FSFI female sexual function index untuk menentukan status disfungsi seksualnya. Data dianalisa dengan metode konten analisis kualitatif. Tujuh tema yang ditemukan: 1 ketidaknyamanan fisik saat melakukan aktifitas seksual; 2 adanya penurunan hasrat seksual pada isteri usia lebih dari 30 tahun; 3 ketidakpuasan aktifitas seksual yang dilakukan; 4 keterpaksaan dalam mendiskusikan masalah seksual pada petugas kesehatan; 5 kurangnya informasi tentang aktifitas seksual; 6 ketidakberdayaan menjalani pengobatan masalah seksual; dan 7 penurunan peran seksual sebagai istri. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa disfungsi seksual pada wanita diabetes melitus tipe 2 ada dan mengganggu baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Namun, masih terdapat keengganan bagi wanita untuk dapat mendiskusikan masalahnya secara terbuka. Oleh sebab itu, disarankan bagi perawat untuk memulai komunikasi secara terbuka mengani masalah seksualitas wanita dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2.

---

Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for developing female sexual dysfunction which affected sexual desire, lubrication, dispareunia sexual pain, and orgasm decreased. Sexual dysfunction problem in type 2 diabetic patients is still a taboo subject to be discussed because that was hard to be revealed to their healthcare personnel. The aim of the study was to explore sexual dysfunction experience of type 2 diabetes mellitus woman. A qualitative with a phenomenology design was used. This study was involved six women with type 2 diabetes mellitus who met the inclusion criterion ages 18 45 years, married, gathered using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using an in depth interview and field notes. Each participant was screened using a FSFI quessionaire to determine sexual dysfunction status. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Seven themes emerged 1 physical discomfort while having sexual activities 2 presence of sexual desire decreased in spouse with ages more than 30 years old 3 dissatisfaction with sexual activity 4 hesitance feeling while discussing sexual problem with healthcare providers 5 lack of information about sexual activity 6 feeling powerlessness while undergone sexual problem treatment 7 decreased in sexual roles as a wife. In conclude that the sexual dysfunction among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus is existing and disturbing physically and psychology. But there has been hesitated of women to openly disccussed the problem. It is suggested for nurses to initiate open communication about sexual problem among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus."

"[ABSTRAKDiabetic Kidney Disease DKD pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 DMT2 merupakan komplikasi kronik yang dapat dicegah dan ditunda progresifitasnya dengan pengontrolan glikemik yang baik dan penatalaksanaan yang tepat dari komorbid lainnya Pengontrolan glikemik menjadi tanggung jawab bersama antara multidisiplin profesi kesehatan di ruang rawat dokter perawat dietisien farmasis dengan pasien serta keluarga Model Self care Orem sangat sesuai untuk diaplikasikan dan dikembangkan di ruangan pada asuhan keperawatan pasien dengan penyakit kronik Pasien dapat bersinergi secara aktif sesuai kemampuannya dalam mencapai tujuan dari setiap intervensi keperawatan Disamping itu pendekatan model self care Orem sesuai untuk mempersiapkan pasien dalam meningkatkan kemampuan self care untuk pasca rawat Pelaksanaan praktek berbasis pembuktian pengukuran suhu kaki dengan termometer infrared dapat menjadi perangkat tambahan untuk menilai adanya gejala inflamasi lokal sehingga upaya deteksi dini menjadi lebih komprehensif Pelaksanaan kegiatan inovasi pemantauan dan pemeriksaan kesehatan mandiri pada pasien DM dapat meningkatkan upaya promosi kesehatan pada pasien DM

---

ABSTRACTDiabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients ;Diabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients ;Diabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients ;Diabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients , Diabetic Kidney Disease DKD in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus T2DM is a chronic complication that can be prevented and delayed its progresivity with a good glycemic control and appropriate treatments Glycemic control is a shared responsibility between the multidisciplinary health professions in the ward doctors nurses dietisien pharmacists and patients and families Orem rsquo s Self care model is appropriate to be applied and developed in the acute care of patients with chronic diseases Patients can actively work together within its capabilities in achieving the objectives of each nursing intervention Besides Orem rsquo s self care model approach appropriate to prepare the patient to improve the ability of self care for post hospitalization Implementation of evidence based practice the measurement of foot temperature with an infrared thermometer may be enhancements to assess the presence of local inflammatory symptoms so that early detection efforts become more comprehensive Implementation of innovation activity monitoring and self health assesment can improve health promotion efforts in diabetic patients ]"

"Diabetes melitus merupakan suatu penyakit kronis dimana kadar gula dalam darah tinggi (> 200 mg/dL). Salah satu faktor risiko diabetes melitus adalah gaya hidup tidak sehat yang banyak ditemukan pada masyarakat perkotaan, seperti pola makan tidak baik dan jarang berolahraga. Diabetes melitus yang tidak terkontrol akan menyebabkan komplikasi ke organ-organ tubuh lainnya seperti jantung, ginjal, bahkan mengenai saraf. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pelaksanaan intervensi latihan senam kaki diabetik pada klien diabetes. Pemberian intervensi senam kaki menunjukkan telapak kaki lebih sensitif, lebih nyaman dan gula darah stabil setelah 6 minggu. Perawat keluarga diharapkan dapat mengembangkan program olahraga yang sesuai dengan kondisi klien sebagai salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas kaki dan mengontrol kadar gula darah.

---

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease where blood sugar levels are high (> 200 mg / dl). One of the risk factors for diabetes mellitus is an unhealthy lifestyle that is found in many urban communities, such as poor diet and rarely exercising. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will cause complications to other organs such as the heart, kidneys and even nerves. This scientific work aims to describe the implementation of diabetic foot gymnastic training interventions for diabetic clients. Foot exercise interventions results client felt the soles of the feet were more sensitive, more comfortable and blood sugar is stable after 6 weeks. Thus, it is expected that family nurses develop a sports program that is in accordance with the clients condition as an effort to increase foot sensitivity and control blood sugar levels."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalensi penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) meningkat pada usia lanjut. Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2013, prevalensi PGK lebih tinggi pada usia 55-75 tahun dibandingkan usia kurang dari 55 tahun. Pada usia lanjut terjadi perubahan struktur dan fungsi ginjal, serta adanya riwayat penyakit komorbid seperti diabetesmelitus (DM), hipertensi, penyakit jantung dan pembesaran prostat, menjadi faktor risiko yang meningkatkan terjadinya PGK. Komplikasi yang dapat timbul pada penderita PGK antara lain frailty dan protein energy wasting, yang menyebabkan penurunan kapasitas fungsional dan kualitas hidup, serta peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Terapi nutrisi yang adekuat berperan penting untuk mencegah protein energy wasting dan komplikasi lain yang dapat timbul pada PGK.Metode: Laporan serial kasus ini memaparkan empat kasus PGK pada pasien usia di atas 60 tahun. Dua pasien memiliki penyakit komorbid DM dan hipertensi, dandua lainnya hanya hipertensi. Keempat pasien dalam serial kasus ini termasuk PGK derajat IV dan V. Pada dua kasus dilakukan hemodialisis, sementara pada dua lainnya belum dilakukan. Masalah yang timbul pada keempat kasus adalahterdapat gejala-gejala sindroma uremia yaitu mual, muntah, anoreksia, lemas, sesak, dan anemia sehingga asupan makanan tidak adekuat dan terjadi penurunankapasitas fungsional. Kebutuhan energi pasien dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Harris-Benedict ditambah faktor stres dan pemberian protein disesuaikan dengan sudah atau belum dilakukan hemodialisis. Komposisikarbohidrat dan lemak disesuaikan dengan rekomendasi theurapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) dan American Diabetes Association (ADA). Suplementasi mikronutrien diberikan sesuai dengan kondisi pasien. Pemantauan pasiendilakukan setiap hari dengan memperhatikan perubahan gejala klinis, tanda vital, imbang cairan, kapasitas fungsional, analisis dan toleransi terhadap makanan,serta hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium.Hasil: Pemantauan yang dilakukan pada empat pasien selama perawatan di rumah sakit menunjukkan terjadi perbaikan gejala klinis serta peningkatan asupan makanan dan kapasitas fungsional.Kesimpulan: Terapi nutrisi dapat mendukung terapi utama pada penderita PGK usia lanjut dalam memperbaiki keadaan klinis dan kapasitas fungsional, serta mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut

---

ABSTRACT

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases in the elderly. Based on Riskesdas 2013, the prevalence of CKD is higher in the age of 55-75 years old compared to below 55 years of age. In the elderly, there are alterations in kidney structure and function, as well as history of comorbidities include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease and prostate hypertrophy that increase the factor CKD. Complication that may occur in patients with CKD including frailty and protein energy wasting, which can cause decreased

functional capacity and quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Adequate nutrition therapy plays an important role in preventing protein energy wasting and other complications that may arise in CKD.

Methods: This case series report describes four cases of CKD in patients aged above 60 years old. Two patients have comorbid disease diabetes mellitus and hypertension and the others have only hypertension. The four patients in this case series are in CKD stage IV and V. Two cases with hemodialysis, while in the others has not done yet. Problems arising in all cases are uremic syndrome

symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia,fatigue, dypsnea, and anemia causing inadequate food intake and decreased functional capacity. Energy requirements of the patients calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation added by stress factor and the amount of protein depends on whether the hemodialysis has or has not been applied. Carbohydrate and fat composition appropriated to the

theurapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations. Micronutrients supplementation was given in

accordance to patient's condition. Patient monitoring is carried out every day by observing changes in clinical symptoms, vital signs, fluid balance, functional

capacity, dietary analysis and food tolerance, and laboratory resultsResults: Monitoring conducted in the four patients during treatment at the hospital showed the improvements in clinical symptoms, and increased in food

intake and functional capacity."

"ABSTRAKPenyakit degeneratif merupakan sebuah fenomena yang terjadi di daerah perkotaan. Salah satunya adalah penyakit diabetes melitus pada usia dewasa. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini memberikan gambaran tentang asuhan keperawatan keluarga yang dilaksanakan pada keluarga Ibu M dengan masalah keperawatan ketidakefektifan pemeliharaan kesehatan terkait diabetes melitus pada ibu M. Implementasi yang telah dilakukan terdiri dari implementasi yang bersifat kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor dengan pendekatan lima tugas kesehatan keluarga. Intervensi yang menjadi unggulan untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pada ibu M yaitu olahraga berupa jalan kaki. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar gula darah setelah rutin melakukan jalan kaki. Hasil pemeriksaan gula darah sebelum dan setelah melakukan jalan kaki yaitu 316 mg/dl dan 265 mg/dl.

---

ABSTRACT

Degenerative disease is a phenomenon that occurs in urban areas. One of them is diabetes mellitus in adulthood. This Final Scientific Paper provides an overview of family nursing care undertaken in family nursing to Ibu M with problems related to ineffectiveness health maintenance of diabetes mellitus in the family of Ibu M. Implementations consist of the implementation of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor task with five family health approaches. Seeded intervention to decrease blood glucose levels of Ibu M is walking exercise. Evaluation results showed that blood sugar levels decreased after walking exercise routinely. The results of blood glucose tests before and after walking exercise are 316 mg/ dl and 265 mg/ dl."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan beberapa faktor dengan Diabetes Melitus di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional, menggunakan data sekunder Survei Aspek Kehidupan Rumah Tangga Indonesia 2007.Hasil penelitian menyatakan prevalensi Diabetes Melitus mencapai 2,9%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan diabetes adalah umur, riwayat keluarga, konsumsi protein dan lemak, sayur dan buah,aktivitas fisik, pekerjaan, pendidikan, indeks massa tubuh, hipertensi dan kondisi psikologis. Sedangkan secara multivariat, faktoryang berhubungan dengan diabetes adalah umur, status pekerjaan, pendidikan, konsumsi sayur dan buah, aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh, hipertensi, dan kondisi psikologis, serta interaksi indeks massa tubuh dengan aktivitas fisik.

---

The purpose of this thesis is to find out relationship of factors related to diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. This is a quantitative research with cross-sectional study design, using secondary data from IFLS 2007.

The result finds that diabetes mellitus prevalence is 2,9%. Factors that have significant relationship with diabetes are age, family history, protein and fat consumption, vegetable and fruit consumption, physical activity, occupation, education, body mass index, hypertension, and psychological condition. Multivariate analysis finds that factors that have significant relationship with diabetes are age, occupation, vegetable and fruit consumption, physical activity, BMI, hypertension, and psychological condition, and interaction between BMI and physical activity."