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"Background: living kidney donation is a safe medical procedure. Kidney function after donation is crucial for donors’ health and quality of life. Kidney hyperfiltration is a compensatory mechanism, which will preserve kidney function after unilateral nephrectomy. The number of studies regarding hyperfiltration in living kidney donors is limited. Our study aimed to explain kidney hyperfiltration mechanism and evaluate its effect on the kidney function within 30 days after surgery. Methods: our study was a prospective cohort study with 46 living-kidney donors participating in the study between April and December 2019. We evaluated main outcomes, the 30-day post-surgery kidney function, which was evaluated by calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR). The subjects were categorized into two groups based on their 30-day outcomes, which were the adaptive (eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or ACR > 30 mg/g) and maladaptive (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or ACR > 30 mg/g) groups. A series of evaluation including calculating the renal arterial resistive index (RI) and measuring urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and heparan sulfate (HS) levels were performed before surgery and serially until 30 days after surgery. Multivariate analysis with adjustments for confounding factors was done. Results: forty donors were included and mostly were female (67.5%). The average age and body mass index (BMI) were 45.85 (SD 9.74) years old and 24.36 (SD 3.73) kg/m2 , respectively. Nineteen donors (47.5%) had maladaptive hyperfiltration outcomes. The hyperfiltration process was demonstrated by significant changes in renal arterial RI, urinary VEGF, NGAL, and HS levels (p<0.005). There was no significant difference regarding RI, urinary VEGF, NGAL, and HS levels between both groups. Several confounding factors (BMI over 25 kg/m2 , familial relationship, age over 40 years old, and arterial stiffness) were significantly influenced by kidney hyperfiltration and outcomes (p<0.05). Conclusion: the hyperfiltration process does not affect the 30-day post-nephrectomy kidney function of the donors. Several other factors may influence the hyperfiltration process and kidney function. Further study is necessary to evaluate kidney function and its other related variables with a longer period of time study duration."

"This volume contains research papers on recent achievements and future opportunities of this highly interdisciplinary field of atomic, nuclear, and particle physics. The proceedings are structured according to the conference session topics, kaon-nucleus and kaon-nucleon interactions, antihydrogen and fundamental symmetries, hadronphysics with antiprotons, future facilities and instrumentation, low energy QCD. "

"ABSTRACTBACKGROUND:kidney transplantation has been developing rapidly in Indonesia in recent years, yet data on transplants' characteristics and survival is still unavailable. In Indonesia, only living donors are permitted. Living donor are advantageous, but challenging to recruit. This study aimed to establish the graft and patient survival rates and to describe the characteristics of recipient and donor as well as the process of donor recruitment and evaluation of kidney transplantation in Indonesia.METHODS:the study was a retrospective cohort on all donors and kidney transplant recipients at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (CMGH) from January 2011 to May 2017. Only recipients from January 2011 to May 2014 were included to establish the 1-year and 3-year graft and patient survival; which were described using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS:data from 492 kidney transplant procedures were obtained (donor median age, 30 (17 - 66) years; 25.1% were family-related. Recipients mean age, 47 (SD 13.18 years). Data from total of 138 kidney transplant recipients were further analyzed. The 1-year death- censored graft survival, all-cause graft survival and patient survival were 92 %, 82.6 % and 87%. The 3-year death-censored graft survival, all-cause graft survival and patient survival were 90.6%, 76.1% and 79.7%. Kaplan-Meier's curve showed the highest mortality rates occured in the early months.CONCLUSION:the 1-year graft and patient survival rate were 92% and 87%. The 3-year graft and patient survival rate were 90.6% and 79.7%. Only small percentage of donor were family-related. Living donor recruitment and evaluation are still a big challenge in Indonesia"

"Pendahuluan: PGK merupakan penyakit yang sering memiliki beberapa komorbid sehingga perlu menggunakan berbagai terapi kombinasi obat. Oleh sebab itu, polifarmasi sering dilakukan dan salah satu konsekuensinya adalah terjadinya potensi interaksi obat (PIO). PIO dianggap sebagai masalah pengobatan yang dapat dicegah, namun dalam praktik klinis dapat mengakibatkan efek samping obat (ESO) atau reaksi obat yang merugikan. Hal tersebut tentu akan mempengaruhi klinis dan keberhasilan pengobatan serta keamanan penggunaan obat pada pasien PGK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola peresepan pasien PGK dan pengaruhnya terhadap potensi interaksi dan efek samping obat yang dicurigai akibat interaksi obat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental dan pengambilan data dilakukan secara potong lintang pada pasien PGK rawat jalan stadium 3-5 pre-dialisis di rumah sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dalam periode Januari 2019 sampai dengan Desember 2020. Data diambil dari electronic health record dan pusat rekam medis RSCM. Rujukan potensi interaksi obat menggunakan software Micromedex. Hasil: Terdapat 106 pasien yang memenuhi persyaratan dan diambil menjadi subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pasien PGK rawat jalan stadium 3- 5 pre-dialisis di RSCM tahun 2019-2020, terdapat 111 jenis obat yang diresepkan dan obat yang paling sering diresepkan adalah bisoprolol (36,5%). Proporsi pasien yang mendapatkan pengobatan dengan potensi interaksi obat adalah 76% (81 pasien), sedangkan proporsi pasien yang mengalami ESO yang dicurigai akibat interaksi obat adalah 28% (23 pasien) dari 81 pasien dengan PIO. ESO tersebut berupa hiperglikemi (17 pasien), hipertensi (1 pasien), hiperkalemi (1 pasien) dan hipotensi (1 pasien). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara variabel perancu yaitu, jumlah obat > 10, komorbid jantung dan DM dengan ESO yang dicurigai akibat interaksi obat (p<0.05). Hasil multivariat mendapatkan hanya komorbid jantung (gagal jantung dan penyakit jantung koroner) yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik dengan ESO yang dicurigai akibat interaksi obat (p = 0,03). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, sebanyak 76% pasien mendapatkan pengobatan dengan PIO. Sedangkan 28% pasien dari 81 pasien dengan PIO mengalami ESO yang dicurigai akibat interaksi obat. ESO yang paling banyak dialami adalah hiperglikemi. Komorbid jantung merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya ESO yang dicurigai akibat interaksi obat.

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Introduction: CKD often has several comorbidities so it is necessary to use various drug combination therapies. Therefore, it can lead to polypharmacy and one of its consequences is the occurrence of potential drug-drug interactions (DDI). DDI is considered a problem that can be prevented, but in clinical practice it can result in adverse drug reactions (ADR). This will certainly affect the clinical and treatment success as well as the safety of the drug use in CKD patients. This study was aimed to determine the prescribing pattern and its effect on potential DDI and ADR that are suspected due to DDI.

Methods: This was a non-experimental cross-sectional study, conducted on CKD outpatients stage 3-5 pre-dialysis at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in the period January 2019 to December 2020. Data were taken from electronic health records and the hospital’s medical record. The Micromedex software was used as a reference for potential drug interactions.

Results: There were 106 patients who met the requirements and were taken as research subjects. The results showed that in CKD out-patients stage 3-5 pre-dialysis at RSCM in 2019-2020, there were 111 types of drugs prescribed and the most frequently prescribed drug was bisoprolol (36.5%). The proportion of patients who received treatment with a potential DDI was 76% (81 patients), while the proportion of patients who experienced ADR suspected due to DDI was 28% (23 patients) from 81 patients with suspected DDI. The ADRs were hyperglycemia (17 patients), hypertension (1 patient), hyperkalemia (1 patient) and hypotension (1 patient). There was a statistically significant association between the confounding variables, namely, number of drugs, cardiovascular disease and DM with ADR suspected due to DDI (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis found that only cardiovascular disease (congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease) had a statistically significant relationship with ADR suspected due to DDI (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: In this study, 76% of patients received treatment with potential DDI. Meanwhile, 23% from 81 patients patients with DDI experienced ADR suspected due to drug interactions. The most often occuring ADR is hyperglycemia. It was found that cardivascular comorbidity is a risk factor for having an ADR suspected cause by DDI."

"Kebanyakan wanita dewasa muda dengan tuntutan pekerjaan dan studi lanjutan terpaksa menjalani hubungan romantisnya secara LDR. Di masa kini hubungan LDR dipermudah dengan adanya bantuan teknologi komunikasi yang sudah berkembang. Namun, meskipun telah dibantu oleh kecanggihan teknologi komunikasi, pasangan LDR tetap dihadapkan pada tantangan seperti komunikasi asinkronus karena perbedaan waktu dan kegiatan. Pada masa-masa tersebut, individu seringkali harus mencukupkan dirinya sendiri ketika membutuhkan kehadiran pasangan. Untuk mencukupi kebutuhannya, individu tanpa disadari menggunakan Imagined Interactions (IIs) dalam keseharian hubungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman dan peran IIs dalam keberlanjutan hubungan LDR wanita usia dewasa muda. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini mewawancarai 4 orang wanita usia dewasa muda yang menjalani hubungan LDR dengan komitmen jangka panjang. Penelitian menemukan bahwa IIs digunakan sebagai pikiran imajiner, praktis, dan taktikal seseorang dengan frekuensi yang tinggi dan variasi yang kaya. Adapun IIs berperan pada dimensi perasaan dan interaksi seseorang.

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Most young adult women with work and higher studies are forced to undergo their romantic relationships in LDR. Nowadays, LDR relationships are easier with the help of well-developed communication technology. However, even with the help of sophisticated communication technology, LDR couples are still facing challenges such as asynchronous communication due to time and activity differences. At these times, individuals often have to provide for themselves even when they need their partner’s presence. To fulfill their needs, individuals unconsciously use Imagined Interactions (IIs) in day-to-day relationships. This study aims to explore IIs’ experience and role in the sustainability of LDR relationships among young adult women. Using a qualitative approach, this study interviewed 4 young adult women who were in LDR relationships with long-term commitments. Research has found that IIs are used as a person's imaginary, practical, and tactical thoughts with high frequency and rich in variety. The IIs play a role in the dimensions of one's feelings and interactions."

"Latar Belakang: Proses hiperfiltrasi yang ditandai sebagai perubahan dinamik Renal Resistive Index (RRI) merupakan mekanisme adaptasi ginjal pasca berkurangnya massa nefron sudah banyak dielaborasi pada ginjal sisa donor transplan pasca nefrektomi. Belum diketahui bagaimana proses hiperfiltrasi dan rentang nilai RRI normal pada ginjal allograft. Tujuan: Membandingkan proses hiperfiltrasi berdasarkan perubahan dinamis nilai RRI, Peak systolic velocity (PSV), and End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) pada pemeriksaan ultrasonografi pasca operasi hingga satu bulan pasca transplantasi pada kelompok ginjal allograft dan ginjal sisa donor pasangan resipien-donor transplantasi ginjal. Metode: Studi prospektif pada 62 subyek yang merupakan 31 pasangan donor dan resipien transplantasi ginjal yang menjalani operasi transplantasi ginjal di RS dr. Ciptomangunkusumo dari Juli 2023 hingga Februari 2024. Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi dilakukan sebelum operasi, hari ke-7 setelah operasi, dan hari ke-30 setelah operasi. Nilai RRI, PSV, dan EDV dinyatakan dalam nilai rerata dan simpangan baku, dengan perbedaan kedua kelompok nilai menggunakan uji t berpasangan. Hasil: Nilai RRI a. segmental ginjal allograft dan ginjal sisa donor secara berturut-turut saat sebelum operasi, tujuh hari pasca operasi, dan tiga puluh hari pasca operasi adalah 0,61 ± 0,06 vs 0,61 ± 0,06 (p < 0,52), 0,62 ± 0,06 vs 0,68 ± 0,06 (p < 0,001), 0,61 ± 0,06 vs 0,67 ± 0,06 (p < 0,001). Nilai RRI a. arcuata ginjal allograft dan ginjal sisa donor secara berturut-turut saat sebelum operasi, tujuh hari pasca operasi, dan tiga puluh hari pasca operasi adalah 0,56 ± 0,05 vs 0,56 ± 0,05 (p < 0,83), 0,58 ± 0,06 vs 0,62 ± 0,07 (p < 0,05), 0,57 ± 0,06 vs 0,62 ± 0,06 (p < 0,001). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan nilai PSV dan EDV kedua grup. Kesimpulan: Hiperfiltrasi pada ginjal allograft terjadi dengan pola serupa dengan ginjal residu donor transplantasi, dengan perbedaan nilai rerata RRI pada kedua kelompok.

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Background: Hyperfiltration, characterized as a dynamic change in the Renal Resistive Index (RRI), is an adaptation mechanism following reduction in nephron mass, has been elaborated on residual kidneys of transplant donors. It is not yet known how the hyperfiltration process is and the range of normal RRI values in allograft kidneys. Objective: To study the difference of RRI, Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), and End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) dynamic changes of the allograft kidney and the remaining kidney of the donor, pairs of recipient-donor before transplantation until up to one month after transplantation Method: Prospective study of 62 subjects who were 31 pairs of donor and kidney transplant recipients who underwent kidney transplantation at dr. Ciptomangunkusumo- Hospital from July 2023 - February 2024. Ultrasonography is carried out before surgery, seventh day after surgery, and thirtieth days after surgery. RRI, PSV, and EDV is expressed in mean and standard deviation, with differences between two groups are compared using t-paired test. Results: Comparison of RRI value of segmental artery of allograft kidney and donor residual kidney, before surgery, seventh day, and thirtieth day post nephrectomy/transplantation consecutively are 0,61 ± 0,06 vs 0,61 ± 0,06 (p < 0,52), 0,62 ± 0,06 vs 0,68 ± 0,06 (p < 0,001), 0,61 ± 0,06 vs 0,67 ± 0,06 (p < 0,001). Comparison of RRI value of arcuate artery of allograft kidney and donor residual kidney, before surgery, seventh day, and thirtieth day post nephrectomy/transplantation consecutively are 0,56 ± 0,05 vs 0,56 ± 0,05 (p < 0,83), 0,58 ± 0,06 vs 0,62 ± 0,07 (p < 0,05), 0,57 ± 0,06 vs 0,62 ± 0,06 (p < 0,001). No differences of PSV and EDV values between two groups. Conclusion: Hyperfiltration in allograft kidneys occurs in a similar pattern to transplant donor residual kidneys, with significant differences in mean RRI values between two groups."

"Latar belakang: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meneliti pengaruh pemberian ritonavir dan primakuin bersamaan, yang diberikan dalam dosis tunggal atau dosis berulang pada konsentrasi plasma ritonavir pada tikus. Metode: Pada studi dengan pemberian dosis tunggal, 30 tikus Sprague Dawley jantan secara acak diberikan ritonavir 20 mg/kgBB atau ritonavir 20 mg/kgBB + primakuin 1,2 mg/kgBB atau ritonavir 20 mg/kgBB + ketokonazol 10 mg/kgBB. Ketokonazol digunakan sebagai kontrol positif penghambat metabolisme ritonavir. Pada studi dengan pemberian dosis berulang, 30 tikus Spraque Dawley secara acak diberikan ritonavir 20 mg/kgBB/hari atau ritonavir 20 mg/kgBB/hari + primaquine 1,2 mg/kgBB/hari atau ritonavir 20 mg/kgBB/hari + rifampisin 100 mg/kgBB/day. Rifampisin digunakan sebagai kontrol positif penginduksi metabolisme ritonavir. Hasil: Pada pemberian dosis tunggal, ketokonazol meningkatkan area dibawah kurva kadar plasma (AUC) ritonavir (↑114,8%, p< 0.05), sedangkan primakuin cenderung menurunkan AUC ritonavir (↓32,6%, p> 0.05). Pemberian dosis berulang menunjukkan bahwa rifampisin menurunkan AUC ritonavir (↓42,8%, p< 0.001), dan primakuin menurunkan AUC ritonavir (↓ 46,6%, p< 0.001). Kesimpulan: Pemberian primakuin dan ritonavir bersamaan dapat menurunkan AUC ritonavir. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan konsentrasi ritonavir sebagai anti-HIV tidak mencukupi, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kegagalan terapi dengan ritonavir.

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AbstractBackground: The present study was aimed to explore the effects of ritonavir and primaquine combination given as a singledose or repeated-dose compared to ritonavir alone on ritonavir plasma concentration in the rats. Methods: In single-dose study, 30 male Spraque Dawley rats were randomly allocated to receive ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW or ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW + primaquine 1.2 mg/kg BW or ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW + ketokonazole 10 mg/kg BW. Ketokonazole was used as positive control of ritonavir metabolism inhibitor. In the repeated-dose study, thirty Spraque Dawley male rats were randomly allocated to receive ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW/day or ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW/day + primaquine 1.2 mg/kg BW/day or ritonavir 20 mg/kg BW/day + rifampicin 100 mg/kg BW/day. Rifampicin was used as a positive control of ritonavir metabolism inducer. Results: In the single-dose study, ketokonazole increased the area under the plasma concentration (AUC) of ritonavir (↑114.8%, p< 0.05), while primaquine tended to decrease the AUC of ritonavir (↓ 32.6%, p> 0.05). Repeated-dose study showed that rifampicin decreases the AUC of ritonavir (↓ 42.8%, p< 0.001), and primaquine decreased the AUC of ritonavir plasma concentration (↓ 46.6%, p< 0.001). Conclusion: Concomitant administration of primaquine and ritonavir decreases the AUC of ritonavir. This effect may result in the insuffi cient concentration of ritonavir as anti-HIV, which may lead to treatment failure with ritonavir. "

"Latar Belakang: Human Platelet Lysates (HPL) yang berasal dari platelet yang melewati masa simpan belum diketahui efeknya pada kultur HUVEC. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi pengaruh waktu penyimpanan platelet pada HPL terhadap profil protein HUVEC. Metode: HUVEC dikultur dengan FBS, HPL fresh, dan HPL extended diuji dengan SDS-PAGE. Hasil: Intensitas band HPL fresh dan extended cenderung lebih tinggi. Ketebalan band HPL fresh dan extended lebih tinggi dibandingkan FBS pada band 4, dan lebih rendah pada band 3. Kisaran berat molekul protein HPL fresh dan extended tidak berbeda dibandingkan FBS. Simpulan: Profil protein HUVEC menggunakan HPL fresh dan extended identik dengan FBS.

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Background: The effect of Human Platelet Lysates (HPL) derived, from platelets that have passed normal shelf life was unknown on HUVEC.

Objective: To determine shelf-life effect on HPL as FBS alternative on HUVEC protein profile. Method: HUVEC were cultured with FBS, fresh, extended HPL, and analyzed with SDS-PAGE. Results: Band intensity of fresh HPL tended to be higher. Band thickness of HPL higher than FBS in band 4th row band, and lower in 3rd row band. No difference were observed in protein molecular weight range between HPL fresh, extended, FBS. Conclusion: HUVEC protein profile cultured with fresh, extended HPL is identical with FBS.

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"Daya tahanan terhadap stres lethalakan meningkat dengan adanya induksi HSP oleh stres sublethal. Mekanisme serupa dapat terjadi pada puasa Ramadhan (puasa intermiten). HSP70 intraselular adalah salah satu protein yang diinduksi oleh stres dan bertindak sebagai pelindung sel. Respon HSP juga menunjukkan perilaku yang sama ketika menghadapi stres, seperti kekurangan glukosa dan infeksi atau peradangan. Fungsi serum HSP72 in vivo tergantung pada kondisi organisme.HSP72 memfasilitasi sistem kekebalan tubuh ketika dilepaskan ke dalam sirkulasi darah organisme yang sehat, sementara pada organisme dengan penyakit kronis, serum HSP72 dapat memperburuk kondisi penyakit inflamasi kronis tersebut.Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui adakah penurunan kadar serum HSP70 &faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi perubahan kadar HSP70 serum pada penyandang DMTipe-2 yang berpuasa > 21 hari di bulan Ramadhan.Studi Quasi experimental one group before and after inidiawali dengan melakukan edukasi asupan makanan selama berpuasa di bulan Ramadhan, pengumpulan data klinis dan laboratorium kepada 37 subjek penyandang DM Tipe-2,1 minggu sebelum &hari ke 21 bulan Ramadhan. Didapatkan penurunan bermakna pada IMT, GD puasa dan kadar serum HSP70 pada minggu ke 3 dibandingkan minggu ke-1 (sebelum berpuasa Ramadhan). Lingkar pinggang perempuan pada minggu -1 berhubungan bermakna dengan penurunan kadar HSP70.Terdapat penurunan bermakna kadar serum HSP70 pada peyandang DM Tipe-2 yang berpuasa > 21 hari di bulan Ramadhan. Lingkar pinggang perempuan yang berpuasa> 21 hari di bulan Ramadhan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar HSP70.

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Resistance to lethal stress will increase with the induction of the HSP by sublethal stress. A similar mechanism may occur in the Ramadan fasting (intermittent fasting ). HSP70 is one of the proteins that are induced by stress and acts as a cell protector. HSP response also exhibit the same behavior when faced with stressors such as glucose deprivation and infection or inflammation. Serum HSP72 function in vivo depends on the circumstances of each organism. HSP72 facilitates the body's immune system when it is released into the circulation in a healthy organism, while the organism with a chronic disease, serum HSP72 can exacerbate chronic inflammatory disease state. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a decrease in serum levels of HSP70 & what factors influence the change in serum HSP70 levels in people with T2DM who fasted for > 21 days in the month of Ramadan.This Quasi experimental one group before and after study performed data collection from 37 T2DM subjects and education on dietary intake during fasting in Ramadan on 1 week before and day 21st of Ramadan month. From the 37 subjects examined , found a significant decrease in BMI , FBG & serum HSP70 at week 3 than at week 1 before the fasting of Ramadan. Waist circumference of women at 1 week before Ramadan fasting significantly associated with decreased levels of HSP70. "

"Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang banyak di temukan di Indonesia, biasanya didefinisikan dengan peningkatan kronis tekanan arteri sistemik di atas nilai ambang tertentu dan ditentukan oleh jumlah darah yang dipompa oleh jantung dan resistensi arteri. Akibatnya, jantung bekerja lebih keras dan tekanan darah yang mengalir melalui pembuluh darah meningkat. Penyebab hipertensi dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu yaitu hipertensi primer dan hipertensi sekunder. hipertensi primer atau biasa disebut hipertensi esensial mendapatkan 95% penyebab hipertensi, dan 5% merupakan penyebab hipertensi sekunder yang disebabkan oleh penyakit ginjal atau biasa disebut dengan hipertensi renal. Penderita hipertensi ginjal biasanya mendapatkan jumlah obat yang lebih banyak dari penyakit hipertensi saja. Hal ini menyebabkan adanya lebih banyak interaksi obat yang terjadi, sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi pada setiap resep pasien dan juga pasien polifarmasi hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi interaksi obat dan memberikan solusi penanganan pada pasien poli hipertensi ginjal yang mendapatkan polifarmasi di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan pengumpulan data variabel untuk mendapatkan gambaran interaksi obat pada pasien polifarmasi. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif yaitu dengan melakukan penelusuran dokumen terdahulu pada resep dan web afya di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan persentasi potensi interaksi obat minor didapatkan sebanyak 65%, moderat 60%, dan mayor 15%.

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Hypertension is a disease that is often found in Indonesia, usually defined by a chronic increase in systemic arterial pressure above a certain threshold value, and is determined by the amount of blood pumped by the heart and arterial resistance. As a result, the heart works harder and the blood pressure flowing through the blood vessels increases. The causes of hypertension are divided into two, namely primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension or what is usually called essential hypertension accounts for 95% of the causes of hypertension, and 5% is the cause of secondary hypertension which is caused by kidney disease or what is usually called renal hypertension. Renal hypertension sufferers usually receive a greater amount of medication than those with hypertension alone. This causes more drug interactions to occur, so it is necessary to evaluate each patient's prescription and also hypertensive polypharmacy patients. This study aims to analyze potential drug interactions and provide treatment solutions for renal poly hypertension patients who receive polypharmacy at the University of Indonesia Hospital. This research was carried out by collecting variable data to obtain an overview of drug interactions in polypharmacy patients. Data collection was carried out retrospectively, namely by searching previous documents on prescriptions and the AFYA website at the Outpatient Installation of the University of Indonesia Hospital. The results of this study showed that the percentage of potential minor drug interactions was 65%, moderate 60%, and major 15%."