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"We investigate financial structure institutional determinants of firms listed on the MENA region, and we analyze the indirect role played by institutions on the speed of adjustment. We consider a sample of 506 non-financial firms from 12 MENA countries listed on the stock exchange between 2006 and 2014. We find that the effects of firm profitability, non-debt tax savings and growth opportunities on leverage are strengthened in the context of good quality institutions. In the contrast, the effects of firm size and returns volatility are reduced. Regarding the adjustment speed, we find that the financial market development and the good quality of institutions tend to reinforce the effects of firm profitability and distance from the target. However, they moderate the influence of firm returns volatility, growth opportunities, non-debt tax savings, and asset tangibility on the adjustment process. We also note that political stability plays an indirect role to control bankruptcy costs and information asymmetries. Our results have important implications since they can interest firm executives and investors in MENA countries, and more generally in developing countries. They may provide answers to questions about the role played by institutions in the adjusting process to the target debt ratio."

"ABSTRAKHampir dua puluh tahun semenjak penelitian di bidang modal intelektual pertama kali berkembang, modal intelektual telah terbukti berperan penting dalam kinerja perusahaan. Namun penelitian modal intelektual cenderung dilakukan pada negara maju dan industri yang bersifat padat modal intelektual. Studi ini dilakukan untuk memenuhi dua tujuan. Pertama, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pemanfaatan modal intelektual dan komponenya pada proses penciptaan nilai tambah yang diukur dari sisi finansial atau moneter bagi perusahaan di industri sektor nonfinansial Indonesia. Kedua, penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengaruh modal intelektual lintas industri melalui bukti empiris perusahaan di pasar Bursa Efek Indonesia BEI . Analisis dilakukan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 123 perusahaan dari 24 industri di pasar BEI selama periode 2013-2016. Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient MVAIC digunakan untuk mengukur kontribusi modal intelektual pada proses penciptaan nilai tambah. Nilai tambah diukur pada aspek moneter atau kinerja finansial perusahaan, seperti profitabilitas dan tingkat pengembalian perusahaan menggunakan proksi earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net profit margin, return on asset, dan return on equity. Hasil penelitian studi disimpulkan ke dalam beberapa point penting. Pertama modal intelektual berpengaruh terhadap kinerja finansial perusahaan di Indonesia meskipun pengaruh komponen modal intelektual bervariasi. Kedua, modal manusia dan modal relasi adalah komponen yang paling bermanfaat dan signifikan mempengaruhi profitabilitas dan tingkat pengembalian perusahaan. Tiga, industri padat modal dan rendah modal intelektual tidak memiliki perbedaan pada konteks penggunaan dan pemanfaatan modal intelektual. Keterbatasan penelitian ini terletak pada kekurangan pengukuran kontribusi modal intelektual menggunakan MVAIC dan penggunaan database Thomson Reuters Datastream. Studi ini mengisi kekosongan penelitian modal intelektual lintas industri di Indonesia serta memperkaya penelitian modal intelektual dengan menggunakan MVAIC dan variabel lagged.

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ABSTRACT

For almost twenty years since the first time intellectual capital research been developed, intellectual capital has proven to play a significant role in corporate performance. However, intellectual capital research tend to be done in developed countries and in intellectual capital intensive industries only. The purpose of this research is twofold. First, this research is purposed to analyse the utilization of intellectual capital and its components on the process of creating value added which is measured from the monetary or financial aspect for firm in Indonesian non financial sector industry. Second, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of cross industry to intellectual capital through empirical evidence of the company in Indonesian Stock Exchange IDX market. The analysis is conducted using a sample of 123 companies from 24 industries in the IDX market during the period 2013 2016. Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient MVAIC is used to measure the contribution of intellectual capital to the value creation process. The value added is measured on the monetary or financial performance aspects of the firm, such as profitability and corporate rate of return using proxy earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity. The result entails several important points. First, intellectual capital affects significantly the financial performance of firms in Indonesia although the influence of intellectual capital components varies. Second, human capital and relational capital are the most useful and significant components affecting the profitability and corporate rate of return. Third, intellectual capital intensive industries and low intellectual capital industries have no distinction in the context of the use and utilization of intellectual capital. The limitations of this study lie in the lack of measurement of intellectual capital contribution using MVAIC and the use of Thomson Reuters Datastream database. This study fills a gap of cross industry intellectual capital research in Indonesia and enriches intellectual capital research using MVAIC and lagged variables. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dampak dari ‘Keterbacaan’ sebagai variabel mediasi dalam hubungan antara pengadopsian IFRS dan risiko sistematis. Melalui regresi sederhana dan SEM, penelitian ini akan mengeksplorasi peran mediasi dari ‘Keterbacaan’. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ‘Keterbacaan’ memiliki koefisien yang kecil serta dampak mediasi yang tidak signifikan.

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The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of readability as mediating variable in relationship between IFRS adoption and systematic risk. Using simple regression and SEM, this research will explore the mediating roles of the readability. The result showed that the coefficient of readability is small, and the mediating effect is not significant."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai proses business coaching yang bergerak dalam bidang bengkel penjualan ban dan perbaikan mobil, yaitu Trijaya Ban 83. Business coaching merupakan proses pelatihan oleh coach terhdap coachee dalam mengidentifikasi masalah yang terdapat di dalam UMKM serta memberika solusi dan rekomendasi yang aplikatif terhadap masalah yang ada pada UMKM. Tujuan dalam tesis business coaching ini adalah merumuskan cost structure yang efisien pada jasa spooring Trijaya Ban 83 dan membuat forecast keuangan ketika mengaplikasikan cost structure tersebut. Berdasarkan proses business coaching ini, munculnya variable cost dalam bentuk insentif di dalam gaji mekanik dapat menciptakan net income lebih tinggi, efisiensi dalam penggunaan mesin operasional, dan memberikan profit margin yang lebih stabil pada saat penjualan lebih rendah. Perhitungan cost structure ini dirapakan dapat digunakan dalam perhitungan jasa lain di Trijaya Ban 83. Forecast keuangan memberikan gambaran bagi Trijaya Ban 83 efek cost structure yang baru bagi net income bengkel lima tahun ke depan.

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This thesis discusses about the process of business coaching in tire selling and car repair workshop, namely Trijaya Ban 83. Business coaching is a training process by coach to coachee in the problems that exist in the SMEs as well as providing solutions and applicable suggestions to existing problems at the SMEs. The objective in this thesis is to formulate an efficient cost structure on Trijaya Ban 83 spooring services and to make financial forecast when applying the cost structure.

Based on this coaching business process, the variable costs accumulated in the form of incentives in mechanic salaries can create higher net income, efficiency in the use of operational machinery, and provide a more stable profit margin when sales are lower. This cost structure calculation can be used in other services calculations at Trijaya Ban 83. Financial forecasts provide an overview for Trijaya Ban 83 new fee structure for net profit for the next five years."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti isu dan tantangan tentang posisi relatif Cash flow dan pengaruhnya terhadap adjustment struktur modal pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Indonesia. Kami menerapkan two-step model untuk data panel Indonesia yang dikumpulkan selama periode 2007-2016. Pada langkah pertama, TL diperkirakan. Kami mempertimbangkan variabel dependen: market debt ratio . Pada langkah kedua, target digunakan untuk memperkirakan Speed of adjustment dengan pengaruh dari cash flow. Hasil Temuan di penelitian iniSpeed of adjustment di Indonesia memiliki kecepatan di atas negara-negara lain di Asia, Speed of adjustment pada perusahaan over-levered lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perusahaan under-levered, sedangkan pada posisi over-levered, speed of adjustment lebih besar pada kondisi cash flow positif. Sebaliknya pada posisi under-levered, speed of adjustment lebih besar pada kondisi cash flow negatif. Batasan / implikasi penelitian pada Penelitian ini hanya difokuskan pada industri manufaktur negara tunggal Indonesia , serta belum mempertimbangkan faktor makro ekonomi. Studi ini memberikan wawasan tentang pengaruh cash flow terhadap speed of adjustment sruktur modal pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Indonesian Stock exchange IDX.

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The purpose of this paper is to highlight the issues and the influence of Cash flow on the Speed of Capital Structure adjustment regarding among manufacture listed companies in Indonesia. We apply a two step model to Indonesian panel data collected during the period of 2007 2016. In the first step, the TL is estimated. We considered two variables reflecting Market debt ratio. In the second step, the target is used to estimate adjustment speeds with influence from cash flow. The research result indicated Speed of adjustment in Indonesia is higher than those of other Asian countries. Speed of adjustment of over levered companies is higher than that of under levered companies, and among over levered positions, the speed of adjustment is greater when there is positive cash flow, vice versa in the under levered position, the speed of adjustment is greater during negative cash flow conditions. This study was only focused in manufacture industry single country Indonesia , so this study can only comparable with country with same characteristics industry. This study offers an insight about the influence of Cash flow on the speed of capital structure adjustment among manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX."

"This research aims to examine the factors that affect the financial performance of listed banks in ASEAN 5 countries which are Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines during 2000-2014 periods. Those factors include a combination of 12 bank specific variables and macroeconomic variables as well as a dummy variable for 2009 crisis. The research uses 54 bank samples that are publicly listed and have at least 5 years of complete data. Fixed effect regression is used in this research with ROA and ROE as dependent variables. Under ROA model it is found that 2 variables are significant and yielded positive correlation to the banks financial performance market risk NIM interest rate and current account balance. Meanwhile operational efficiency BOPO is significant and has a negative coefficient. The other 4 variables are found to be insignificant towards ROA. In the ROE model two variables are significant and have positive correlation interest rate and current account balance meanwhile four variables are significant and yielded negative correlation BOPO capital adequacy CAR bank size and loan to deposit ratio LDR. Recommendation to ASEAN 5 banks is to pay attention on factors that determine banking profitability to maintain profits in the AEC. Future researches can add more years of observation as well as country dummy variables.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan di sektor perbankan 5 negara ASEAN yaitu Indonesia Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Filipina selama tahun 2000-2014. Faktor faktor tersebut mencakup kombinasi dari 6 variabel yang spesifik terhadap bank 6 variabel makroekonomi dan 1 variabel dummy untuk krisis tahun 2009. Penelitian ini menggunakan 54 sampel bank yang telah go public dan memiliki data lengkap setidaknya selama 5 tahun. Penelitian menggunakan regresi fixed effect serta ROA ROE sebagai variabel terikat. Dengan model ROA 2 variabel ditemukan signifikan dan menghasilkan korelasi yang positif terhadap kinerja keuangan yaitu risiko pasar NIM dan current account balance. Sementara variabel efisiensi operasional berpengaruh negatif terhadap ROA 4 variabel lainnya ditemukan tidak signifikan terhadap ROA. Dalam model ROE 2 variabel ditemukan signifikan dan menghasilkan koefisien positif efisiensi operasi suku bunga dan current account balance Sementara empat variabel signifikan dan memiliki koefisien negatif yaitu BOPO CAR total aset dan LDR. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bank bank di ASEAN perlu lebih memperhatikan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi profitabilitas perbankan guna meningkatkan daya saing dalam MEA. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat menambah rentang tahun penelitian dan variabel dummy untuk negara."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari struktur kepemilikan perusahaan dan ukuran KAP terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya pelanggaran pada laporan keuangan perusahaan listed di Indonesia dengan pengawasan internal perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian menggunakan metode regresi logistik dengan menggunakan 64 observasi dari 28 dan sampel kontrol perusahaan listed di BEI yang terdeteksi terkena sanksi pada laporan keuangan perusahaan dengan periode sampel 2011 ndash; 2016. Terbukti bahwa struktur kepemilikan oleh manajemen dan pemegang saham asing tidak mempengaruhi kemungkinan terjadinya pelanggaran pada laporan keuangan perusahaan, namun ukuran KAP terbukti mengurangi kemungkinan pelanggaran pada laporan keuangan perusahaan. Efektivitas komite audit memperkuat kualitas auditor eksternal dalam mengurangi kemungkinan pelanggaran pada laporan keuangan perusahaan, namun efektivitas dewan komisaris tidak terbukti memiliki pengaruh terhadap pelanggaran pada laporan keuangan perusahaan secara statistik. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan bahan pertimbangan bagi investor dalam menilai efektivitas tata kelola perusahaan untuk dapat melihat perusahaan yang sekiranya berpeluang melakukan pelanggaran laporan keuangan serta membantu regulator menentukan regulasi untuk dapat mendukung reformasi tata kelola perusahaan kedepannya.

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This study aims to examine the effect of corporate ownership structure and the quality of external auditors on the possibility of violation in the financial statements of listed companies in Indonesia with internal control as a moderating variable company. The study used logistic regression method using 64 observations from 27 and control samples of listed companies in IDX that were detected violations in the financial statements with sample period 2011 2016. It was proved that the ownership structure by management and foreign shareholders did not affect the possibility of violations in the financial statements, but the quality of external auditors proven to reduce the possibility of violations on the financial statements.

The effectiveness of the audit committee strengthens the quality of the external auditor in reducing the likelihood of violations on the financial statements, but the effectiveness of the board of commissioners is not proven to have an effect on violations on the financial statements statistically. This study is expected to provide consideration for investors in assessing the effectiveness of corporate governance to be able to see companies that are likely to violate financial statements and help regulators to determine regulations to support corporate governance reform in the future."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh dari Kepemilikan Institusi institutional ownership terhadap volatilitas imbal hasil saham stock return volatility pada perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010-2016. Analisis dilakukan dengan model persamaan regresi linier data panel dengan basis Ordinary Least Square. Variable terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah Volatilitas return dan variable bebas terdiri yaitu kepemilikan institusi. Serta firm size, turnover, mtb, kebijakan dividen, dividen payout, dan leverage sebagai variable control. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan institusi memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif pada terhadap volatilitas imbal hasil saham stock return volatility.

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This study examined to analyze the impact of institutional ownership toward stock return volatility with dividen policy and dividen payout as a perspective, firm size, firm leverage, stock turnover, and mtb as control variable. This study use panel regression method and use ordinary least square. The result of this study show that institutional ownership increases stock return volatility of listed companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010 ndash 2016."

"Indonesia has a long history of fiscal decentralization. In terms of accountability and transparency, it is necessary to have performance appraisal of local financial indicators. This research was conducted by taking samples of natural and non-natural resources regions from the 2010 - 2014 period. From the result of the degree of decentralization indicator, the natural resources region has a low degree. In contrast, on non-natural resources regions, they have a higher degree and included in both good and very good criteria. Based on the independence local indicators, only Siak Regency has the greatest independence, while other natural resource regions have very small category and the instructional relationships pattern. In non-natural resources regions categories, all samples are independent enough and already independent with participatory and discretionary relationship pattern. In the harmonization among routine and developmental spending indicators, in natural resources regions, routine spending is relatively small. While in non- natural resources regions, routine spending allocation is also very dominant. From that result, the government should formulate an innovative non-public development pattern to further enhancing the participation of other stakeholders and also provide advocacy to Local Government to start limiting the routine personnel expenditure and prioritizing to infrastructure development that impacts the investment."