Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Negara Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara dengan sumber daya alam yang berlimpah, salah satu contoh sumber daya alam yang dimiliki adalah beragamnya jenis satwa khas Indonesia seperti gajah sumatera, namun saat ini gajah sumatera termasuk kedalam kategori critically endangered karena diburu untuk diambil gadingnya yang diolah menjadi berbagai komoditas, seperti pipa gading gajah. Perdagangan pipa gading gajah merupakan bisnis yang menguntungkan bagi para pelaku kejahatan karena masih adanya celah dalam upaya penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perdagangan pipa gading gajah sebagai bentuk illegal wildlife trade dan menganalisis upaya penegakan hukum dalam kerangka conservation criminology. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis studi literatur dan sumber data utama melalui data sekunder. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan berupa saran kebijakan yang didasari konsep conservation criminology sebagai kerangka kerja utama. Kebijakan yang disarankan adalah adanya kebijakan yang menyeluruh dari setiap tahapan, kebijakan yang berfokus pada penurunan demands, kebijakan yang berfokus pada upaya perlindungan satwa, kebijakan yang berfokus pada pengurangan potensi negara Indonesia terhadap ancaman perdagangan satwa liar, dan penguatan aspek penegakan hukum serta pemberantasan pelaku kejahatan terorganisir kejahatan satwa liar.

---

Indonesia is known as a country with abundant natural resources, one example of the natural resources it has is the various types of typical Indonesian animals such as the Sumatran elephant, but currently Sumatran elephants are included in the critical category because they are hunted for their ivory which is processed into various commodities. , like an elephant ivory pipe. The trade in elephant ivory pipes is a profitable business for criminals because there are still gaps in law enforcement efforts in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to look at the trade in elephant ivory pipes as a form of illegal wildlife trade and analyze law enforcement efforts within the framework of conservation criminology. This research uses a literature study analysis method and primary data sources through secondary data. This research produces findings in the form of policy suggestions based on the concept of conservation criminology as the main framework. The recommended policy is a comprehensive policy from every stage, a policy that focuses on reducing demands, a policy that focuses on efforts to protect animals, a policy that focuses on reducing the potential of the Indonesian state for the threat of illegal animal trafficking, and strengthening aspects of law enforcement and eradicating criminals."

"[ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alamnya yang tinggi. Tercatat bahwa negara Indonesia memiliki 10-20% dari jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang ada di dunia. Namun dewasa ini keberadaan sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem di Indonesia sedang terancam. Terancamnya kehidupan mereka disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah maraknya perdagangan satwa liar khususnya untuk satwa liar yang dilindungi di Indonesia. Kegiatan perdagangan satwa yang dilindungi merupakan tindak pidana menurut undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya. Terlebih lagi, Indonesia telah meratifikasi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) pada tahun 1978 melalui Keputusan Presiden No. 43 tahun 1978, yang pada intinya Konvensi ini memberikan mekanisme internasional untuk mengatur perdagangan satwa liar. CITES mengatur dan mengawasi perdagangan dengan menggunakan ?daftar negatif? seperti perdagangan semua spesies yang diperbolehkan dan tidak diatur kecuali spesies tersebut muncul di appendiks. Skripsi ini mengambil studi kasus perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning (Cacatua sulphurea) sebagai satwa yang dilindungi. Burung ini termasuk satwa yang dilindungi dan juga termasuk dalam Appendiks I CITES. Oleh karena itu baik perdagangan dalam negeri dan untuk tujuan ekspor adalah dilarang kecuali untuk tujuan non-komersil. Namun hingga saat ini perdagangan burung Kakatua Kecil Jambul Kuning masih dapat ditemukan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar sebagaimana diatur dalam UU No.5 Tahun 1990 belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih banyak para penegak hukum yang belum memahami secara penuh ancaman terhadap keanekaragaman hayati ketika banyak terjadi perdagangan illegal satwa liar yang dilindungi. Sehingga diperlukan perbaikan di semua faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan tersebut.ABSTRACTIndonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.;Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade., Indonesia is a high biodiversity country. Indonesia has 10-20% of plant and animal species that exist in the world. But today the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factors, one of which is the illegal wildlife trade, especially for the wildlife in Indonesia. Trading protected species is a crimes according to the law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems. Moreover, Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1978 through Presidential Decree No. 43 in 1978. CITES provides an international mechanism for governing wildlife trading by using the "negative list" such as trade of all species are allowed and are not regulated unless these species appear in the appendix. This thesis will take case study of illegal trade Small Yellow-crested Cockatoo Bird (Cacatua sulphurea) as one of the protected animals. Cacatua sulphurea is protected animals according to the law No. 7 of 1999 on Preservation of Plants and Animals and also included in Appendix I of CITES. Therefore both domestic and for export purposes is prohibited except for non-commercial purposes. But until now the trade Small Yellow-crested cockatoo birds can still be found. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Law No. 5 of 1990 can not be performed optimally. This can happen because the law enforcers are still many who do not fully understand the threats to biodiversity as prevalent crime of trafficking in protected wildlife. So that the necessary improvement in all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such trade.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas peran Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan dalam upaya untuk menggurangi perdagangan ilegal. Permasalahan pelaksanaan kebijakan UU No.5 Tahun 1990 yang tidak jalan karena ringannya hukum di berlakukan serta pengawasasan oleh polhut yang tidak efektif karena terbatasnya SDM Polhut. Penelitian ini Post-positivis yang mengkaitkan hasil penelitiannya dengan teori Bell dan McGillivary peran pemerintah sebagai Administrative Regulation, Anticipatory Continuing Controls, Planning Prevention, dan Protecting Nature. Dari keempat dimensi belum berjalan dengan baik karena masih ada kendala dan kebijakan dasar sedang direvisi maka pemerintah menerapkan sistem multidoor untuk memberatkan sanksi yang diberikan dan bekerjasama dengan MMP, penyidik PNS, WCS dan WWF.Kata Kunci: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Peran Pemerintah, Perdagangan, ilegal satwa liar.

---

This undergraduate thesis discussesd the role of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry from the efforts made in tackling illegal trade in protected wildlife. The problem is implementation policy of law No.5 of 1990 not appropriate with procedure as casually given minor offences, monitoring is also less effective due to a number of forest ranger in addition. This Post positivis research which related result of the research and theory of Bell and McGillivary on the role of the Government as the Administrative Regulation, Anticipatory Continuing Controls, Planning Prevention and Protecting Nature. The four dimenstion are not well on of this research that Law is being revised so the government implements multidoor system to burden the sanction and cooperate with MMP, PPNS, WCS, WWF."

"Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alam yang melimpah. Lebih dari 10-20 jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang ada di dunia berada di wilayah Indonesia. Namun sekarang ini keberadaan sumber daya alam hayati dan ekosistem di Indonesia sedang terancam. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa factor yang salah satu diantaranya adalah banyaknya jumlah perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi di Indonesia. Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya mengatur bahwa perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi sebagai suatu tindak pidana. Indonesia yang meratifikasi CITES pada tahun 1978 juga harus mengikuti ketentuan CITES dalam mengatur dan mengupayakan perlindungan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi.Skripsi ini mengambil studi kasus perdagangan ilegal Trenggiling sebagai satwa yang dilindungi. Sejak bulan Oktober 2016, Trenggiling telah dimasukkan dalam daftar Appendiks I CITES sehingga perdagangan dalam negeri maupun luar negeri adalah dilarang kecuali untuk tujuan non-komersil maupun keadaan luar biasa. Namun hingga saat ini perdagangan Trenggiling masih dapat ditemukan. Hal ini menunjukkan penegakan hukum dalam peraturan nasional masih belum dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena masih banyak aparat penegak hukum yang belum menyadari dan mengerti secara penuh ancaman terhadap ekosistem ketika perdagangan satwa liar marak terjadi. Sehingga diperlukan perbaikan pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana perdagangan ilegal satwa liar ini.

---

Indonesia is a country which has high biodiversity.10 20 of plant and animal species in this world are exist in Indonesia. But nowadays the existence of natural resources and ecosystems in Indonesia are being threatened. Endangerment of their lives caused by several factor, one of which is the number of illegal wildlife trade in Indonesia which grows rapidly. Law No. 5 of 1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems rules that trading protected species is a crime. Indonesia as a country who has ratified CITES in 1978 should follow the convention to sought the regulation which create the law to protect wildlife species.

This thesis will take case study of Pangolin Manis javanica illegal trade. Since October 2016, Pangolin has been put to the list of Appendix I CITES which means the trade of this species is prohibited except for non commercial purpose or extraordinary reasons. This shows that law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade as stipulated in Indonesia Law cannot be executed optimally. This can happen because many of the law enforcers do not fully understand the threats of wildlife illegal trade to the ecosystem destruction. So it is necessary to improve all factors that affect law enforcement against criminal acts such wildlife trade."

"ABSTRAKPerdagangan satwa ilegal bukan merupakan suatu permasalahan yang baru, namun yang menjadi perhatian saat ini adalah aktivitas tersebut terus berlangsung hingga sekarang karena kondisi Indonesia sebagai Negara mega biodiversity. Hal tersebut menjadikan Indonesia sebagai salah satu Negara yang menjadi sasaran aktivitas kejahatan perdagangan satwa ilegal yang melintasi batas-batas Negara dan secara terorganisir. Tugas Karya Akhir ini membahas mengenai operasi INTERPOL Thunderstorm sebagai bentuk upaya penanganan kasus perdagangan satwa ilegal tahun 2018. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana operasi ini di jalankan dan apa hasilnya dengan melihatnya dari konsep kejahatan transnasional terorganisir, green criminology, dan teori double crime triangle. Pada tulisan ini, ditemukan bahwa operasi ini bertujuan untuk menangani kasus perdagangan satwa ilegal melalui kerjasama antar Negara yang berpartisipasi dan lembaga-lembaga internasional, lemahnya regulasi maupun aparat penegak hukum menjadikan aktivitas kejahatan ini terus berlangsung setiap tahunnya sehingga keterlibatan Indonesia dalam Operasi INTERPOL Thunderstorm ini diharapkan dapat menjadi penanganan kasus perdagangan satwa ilegal yang efektif, baik di Indonesia maupun di dunia.

---

ABSTRACTIllegal wildlife trade is not a new issue, but the concern now is that the activity continues until now due to the condition of Indonesia as a mega biodiversity country. This makes Indonesia one of the countries targeted by illegal wildlife trafficking activities that cross national boundaries and organized. This Final Project discusses the operation of INTERPOL Thunderstorm as a form of effort to handle illegal wildlife trade in 2018. The purpose of this paper is to find out how this operation is carried out and what the results are by looking at the concept of transnational organized crime, green criminology, and double crime triangle theory. In this paper, it is found that this operation aims to deal with cases of illegal wildlife trade through cooperation between participating countries and international institutions, weak regulation and law enforcement officers making this criminal activity continue every year so that Indonesia's involvement in Operation INTERPOL Thunderstorm is expected can be an effective handling of illegal wildlife trade cases, both in Indonesia and in the world."

"Perdagangan satwa ilegal merupakan salah satu kejahatan yang memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan tercepat. Hal ini kemudian menyebabkan dibuatnya berbagai peraturan yang melarang pelaksanaannya. Di Indonesia sendiri, perdagangan satwa ilegal merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang belum dapat ditangani secara efektif oleh pihak penegak hukum. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan besarnya angka perdagangan yang ditemukan oleh beberapa NGO terkait. Salah satu penyebab perdagangan satwa ilegal dapat berkembang dengan begitu cepat adalah kemampuan para pelakunya untuk beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman, yang salah satunya adalah media sosial facebook. Media sosial facebook menyediakan berbagai kemudahan bagi pelaku untuk melakukan perdagangan satwa ilegal. Berbagai kemudahan yang ditawarkan antara lain berupa anonimitas, pemasaran bebas biaya, dan juga grup dengan pengaturan privasi yang ketat. Grup ini lah yang kemudian menyebabkan para pelaku dapat melakukan perdagangan dengan leluasa tanpa adanya kekhawatiran akan pengawasan penegak hukum. Dan karena keuntungan dan kerugian yang mungkin didapatkan oleh pelaku sangat jauh berbeda, maka pelaku dan calon pelaku semakin tertarik untuk melakukan perdagangan satwa ilegal di facebook.

---

Illegal wildlife trafe is one of the fastest growing crimes. This led to the creation of regulations that prohibit its implementation. In Indonesia, illegal wildlife trade is one of the problems that can rsquo t be handled effectively by law enforcement agencies. This is evidenced by the trade statistics found by some NGO rsquo s that relevant to this problem. One of the causes of illegal wildlife trade can grow so quickly is the ability of the perpetrators to adapt to techonlogical advances, one of which is facebook itself. Facebook provides various facilities for these perpetrators that enables them to do illegal wildlife trade. The various conveniences offered by facebook include anonimity, free marketing, and also groups with strict privacy settings. This group is the one that enables these perpetrators to trade such goods freely without any worries of law enforcement supervision. And because of the advantages and disadvantages that may obtained by the perpetrators are very much different, these perpetrators and potential perpetrators increasingly interested to trade illegal wildlife on facebook."

"Perdagangan satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia menunjukkanpeningkatan yang semakin marak beberapa tahun belakangan, baik secara langsungmaupun melalui dunia maya. Kenyataan bahwa banyak dari praktik perdagangantersebut yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlakumenunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidakjelasan penegakan hukum dalam perdagangansatwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia. Perdagangan satwa liar yang tidakdilindungi di Indonesia harus diatur dengan jelas dan rinci dalam peraturanperundang-undangan sehingga dapat mendorong penegakan hukum yang tepat dansesuai. Oleh karena itu, penulis memandang perlu meninjau kembali pengaturan,penerapan dan penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan satwa liar yang tidakdilindungi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis-normatifmelalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara kepada beberapa narasumber. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan dan penegakan hukum dalamperdagangan satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia sampai saat ini tidakberjalan sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Pada akhir penelitian,penulis memberi saran kepada pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pengawasanterhadap perdagangan satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia sertamempertimbangkan insentif, disinsentif, maupun sanksi administratif dan pidanasebagai bentuk- bentuk pilihan penegakan hukum dalam pengaturan perdagangansatwa liar yang tidak dilindungi di Indonesia.

---

The unprotected wildlife trade in Indonesia has shown an increasing trend in recent

years, both directly and through cyberspace. The fact that many of these trading

practices are not in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations shows that

there is a lack of clarity in the law enforcement of the unprotected wildlife trade in

Indonesia. The unprotected wildlife trade in Indonesia must be regulated clearly

and in detail in the laws and regulations so as to stimulate accurate and appropriate

law enforcement. Therefore, the author consider it is necessary to review the

regulation, implementation, and the law enforcement of the unprotected wildlife

trade in Indonesia. This research was conducted using legal-normative method

through literature study and interviews with several experts. The result of this study

indicate that the implementation and the law enforcement in the unprotected

wildlife trade in Indonesia has not been conducted according to the prevailing laws

and regulations. At the end of the thesis, the author recommend the government to

increase the supervision of the unprotected wildlife trade in Indonesia and to

consider incentive, disincentive, as well as administrative and criminal sanctions

as the forms of law enforcement options in the unprotected wildlife trade regulation

in Indonesia"

"Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, dikenal sebagai ldquo;hotspot rdquo; perdagangan jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar karena perannya sebagai peyuplai terbesar di kawasan Asia. Di saat yang sama, Indonesia juga dikenal sebagai negara dengan laju penurunan keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Penurunan ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh maraknya perdagangan ilegal jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar. Selama ini, upaya penegakan hukum atas kejahatan tersebut hanya berfokus pada jenis yang dilindungi saja. Hal ini dikarenakan Undang-undang No. 5 tahun 1990 sebagai induk kebijakan konservasi di Indonesia tidak memberikan ketentuan sanksi yang memadai terhadap kegiatan perdagangan ilegal jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar, khususnya bagi jenis yang tidak dilindungi. Padahal, terdapat banyak jenis, yang tidak termasuk jenis yang dilindungi, namun berada dalam kondisi populasi yang terancam dan masih diperdagangkan secara bebas. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dengan tujuan untuk mencari alternatif instrumen penegakan hukum yang dapat menjerat para pelaku perdagangan ilegal jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar yang tidak dilindungi undang-undang. Dengan mengambil sudut pandang yang lebih luas terhadap aktifitas perdagangan, tidak terbatas pada aktifitas jual beli saja, maka terdapat beberapa undang-undang yang dapat dijadikan alternatif instrumen penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan ini, yaitu ; undang-undang tindak tindak pidana korupsi, undang-undang kepabeanan, undang-undang karantina ikan, hewan, dan tumbuhan, undang-undang kehutanan, serta undang-undang perikanan. Keberadaan undang-undang ini dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum, namun, hal ini tidak mengurangin urgensi untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan dalam undang-undang konservasi sumber daya alam hayati yang selama ini berlaku di Indonesia.

---

Indonesia, as one of the countries that has very high rates of biodiversity, is well known as the ldquo hotspot rdquo of international wildlife trade because of its role as the biggest supplier in Asia. However, Indonesia is also well known as the country that experienced massive biodiversity degradation, which is mostly caused by the high number of illegal trading of plant, animal, and other wildlife form. Until this very day, the law enforcement on illegal wildlife trade is only focused on protected species because Undang Undang No. 5 tahun 1990, as the prime reference of conservation rsquo s policy in Indonesia, does not provide adequate instrument of sanction on illegal trade of unprotected species, whereas there are lots of species in Indonesia that are threatened in the wild and are still being traded illegally. This research is using juridical normative approach, with the purpose to provide an alternative instrument of law enforcement on illegal trading of unprotected species from another act aside of Undang Undang No. 5 tahun 1990. If we consider the trade of wildlife as more than a process of selling and buying, then there are some acts that can be used as an alternative of law enforcement instrument, such as an anti corruption act, anti money laundering act, custom act, quarantine act, forestry act, and fisheries act. Those acts are used only as an alternative, and it does not lessen the urgency to evaluate the current conservation policy in Indonesia itself."

"Banyak pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat sehingga menimbulkan kerusakan hutan yang salah satunya adalah illegal logging. Tindak pidana illegal logging sangat marak di Indonesia dan melibatkan banyak pelaku dan merupakan tindak pidana yang rapi dan terorganisasi. Hal mendasar yang menyebabkan sulitnyamemberantas illegal logging adalah karena illegal logging adalah termasuk kategori 'kejahatan terorganisasi'. Oleh karena itu adanya kebijakan hukum pidana yang tegas mengatur dan penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana illegal logging perlu diwujudkan. Kebijakan hukum pidana yang diterapkan dalam rangka penanggulangan dan penegakan hukum tindak pidana illegal logging diatur dan dirumuskan dalam ketentuan perundang-undangan pasal 50 dan pasal 78 Undang-Undang Nomor 41 tahun 1999, namun mengenai definisi yang dimaksudkan dengan illegal logging tidak dirumuskan secara limitatif sehingga banyak para praktisi hukum yang menafsirkan illegal logging sendiri-sendiri. Mengenai ancaman pidana yang dikenakan adalah pidana pokok yakni penjara dan denda, pidana tambahan berupa perampasan hasil kejahatan dan atau alat-alat untuk melakukan kejahatan, ganti rugi serta sanksi tata tertib. Kebijakan hukum tindak pidana illegal logging dan penerapan sanksinya dirasakan tidak memenuhi aspek kepastian dan keadilan. Hal ini terlihat dalam kasus illegal logging yang terjadi di wilayah hukum Pengadilan Negeri Blora dan Bojonegoro. Oleh karenanya selain kebijakan hukum pidana dibutuhkan pula penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana illegal logging yang dilakukan melalui sistem peradilan pidana. Sistem Peradilan Pidana terdiri dari komponen antara lain kepolisian, PPNS kehutanan, Kejaksaan, Kehakiman dan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. Dalam prakteknya proses penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana illegal logging sangat lemah. Salah satu faktor lemahnya penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana illegal logging ditandai dengan penanganannya yang tidak integral (menyeluruh) karena pelaku intelektual yang berkaitan langsung seperti pemodal, pemesan, pengirim, pemalsu dokumen, sawmill yang berperan sebagai penghubung jarang sekali dipidana dan hanya orang-orang lapangan saja yang dipidana. Selain itu banyak faktor yang menyebabkan lemahnya penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana illegal logging sehingga hal tersebut menjadi kendala dalam dalam penegakan hukum.

---

The wealth of forests is a gift and trust from God Almighty that is priceless. Therefore, forests must be managed and be best utilized by noble character as the embodiment of worship and gratitude to God Almighty. Forests are many benefits to the sustainability of human life and other living creatures. One benefit is the direct result of forest wood that has high economic value. Timber is harvested and then used by the community. Utilization of wood should be based on permission from the Ministry of Forestry. But in reality there are many violations committed by the community, causing damage to the forest, one of which is illegal logging. Crime is rampant illegal logging in Indonesia and involves many actors and a crime is neat and organized. The basic thing that it is difficult to eradicate illegal logging is due to illegal logging is categorized as "organized crime". Therefore the policy of strict criminal laws regulating and enforcing criminal laws against illegal logging needs to be realized. Criminal law policy adopted in the framework of prevention and criminal law enforcement of illegal logging is regulated and defined in the statutory provisions of article 50 and article 78 of Law No. 41 of 1999, but the definition is meant by illegal logging limitatif formulated not so much legal practitioners who interpret their own illegal logging. Regarding the penalty imposed is the principal criminal imprisonment and fines, an additional penalty of deprivation of proceeds of crime and the or tools to do the crime, compensation and discipline sanctions. Criminal law policy of illegal logging and the application of sanctions does not meet the perceived certainty and fairness aspects. This is seen in cases of illegal logging that occurred in the District Court jurisdiction Blora and Bojonegoro. Therefore in addition to criminal law policy also required law enforcement against illegal logging crimes committed through the criminal justice system. The Criminal Justice System consists of components such as police, investigators forestry, Attorney, Justice and Correctional Institutions. In practice the process of criminal law enforcement against illegal logging is very weak. One of the weak enforcement of laws against illegal logging crimes marked with handling that is not integral (holistic) as intellectual actors who are directly related to such investors, buyers, shippers, document forgers, which acts as a liaison sawmill rarely convicted, and only those field are convicted. In addition, many factors that led to weak law enforcement against illegal logging crimes so they are a constraint in law enforcement."

"Kejahatan terhadap satwa liar, kerap terjadi di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah kasus perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal atas burung paruh bengkok asal Maluku Utara. Penulisan ini, dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih mendalam tentang struktur dari organisasi kriminal, yang terlibat dalam aktivitas ilegal perburuan dan perdagangan jenis burung paruh bengkok asal Maluku Utara. Penulisan ini juga ditujukan untuk mengetahui derajat pengorganisasian dari sindikat atau jaringan kriminal, dengan mengacu pada karakteristik khusus, yang dimiliki oleh setiap struktur dari organisasi kriminal. Hal tersebut dijelaskan dengan menggunakan teori organisasional dan paradigma kejahatan terorganisir model usaha/ perusahaan. Hasil dari penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas perburuan dan perdagangan burung paruh bengkok asal Maluku Utara dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga periode, dimana pada periode 2004 - 2009, aktivitas ini dilakukan oleh organisasi kriminal dengan struktur jaringan.

---

Wildlife crime often occur in Indonesia, and one of them is illegal trapping and illegal trading of parrots species in North Maluku. This study aims to provide a clearer picture of the structure of criminal organization, related to the trapping and trading of domestic parrot species of North Maluku. This study also tried to analyze the degree of organization of the syndicate, by referring to spesific characteristics possessed by every type of criminal organization, by using Organizational Theory and Enterprise Model of Organized Crime. The result shows that the illegal trapping and illegal trading of parrots species in North Maluku, can be divide into three different periods, when in 2004 - 2009 period this activities perpetrated by criminal networks."