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"Latar Belakang: Terapi fotonik memanfaatkan cahaya untuk mengembalikan kondisi normal jaringan. Berbagai percobaan klinis untuk menguji efektivitas terapi fotonik telah dilakukan pada perawatan periodontitis maupun periimplantitis, tetapi penelitian dengan analisis kuantitatif masih sangat terbatas. Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 melaporkan prevalensi periodontitis berat mencapai 796 juta kasus pada semua umur, sedangkan prevalensi periimplantitis sebesar 45% selama periode evaluasi perawatan lebih dari sembilan tahun. Analisis bibliometrik dapat dilakukan berdasarkan kata kunci; karakteristik publikasi menurut tahun, negara, institusi, penulis, bentuk/macam publikasi; dan karakteristik jurnalnya. Tujuan: Mendapatkan data kuantitatif mengenai terapi fotonik sebagai perawatan periodontitis dan periimplantitis dalam periode 20 tahun terakhir. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan berbasis data elektronik Scopus mulai 1 Maret 2003 hingga 31 Agustus 2023. Data disaring menurut kriteria inklusi serta eksklusi. Publikasi diunduh dalam format CSV kemudian disaring dengan perangkat lunak OpenRefine. Analisis dan visualisasi data menggunakan perangkat lunak Scopus, TableauPublic, VosViewer dan Microsoft Excel. Hasil: Diperoleh 672 publikasi periodontitis, 222 publikasi periimplantitis, serta 836 publikasi periodontitis dan/atau periimplantitis yang dihubungkan dengan terapi fotonik. Tren tahunan publikasi tentang terapi fotonik meningkat dalam dekade terakhir, dihubungkan dengan periodontitis 83,93%; periimplantitis 92,34%; dan periodontitis dan/atau periimplantitis 86,24%. Publikasi yang memiliki kontribusi terbanyak berhubungan dengan kata kunci “humans” dan “periimplantitis”; negara Brazil; institusi King Saud University, penulis Garcia, V.G. dan Theodoro, L.H; berbentuk artikel; dipublikasikan dalam jurnal Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy. Kesimpulan: Didapatkan pemetaan publikasi dan diskusi mengenai terapi fotonik sebagai perawatan periodontitis dan periimplantitis dari analisis bibliometrik dalam periode 20 tahun terakhir.

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Background: Photonic therapy uses light to restore normal tissue condition. Various studies have been carried out to determine the effectiveness of photonic therapy as treatment for periodontitis and periimplantitis, but there are very limited quantitative analyses that have been done in that area. Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 reported that the prevalence for severe periodontitis in all age groups reached 796 million cases, while the prevalence for periimplantitis is 45% with a follow-up period up to nine years. Bibliometric analyses can be done according to keywords; publication characteristics such as year, country, institution, writer, type of publication; and journal characteristics. Objective: To conduct quantitative research regarding photonic therapy as treatment for periodontitis and periimplantitis in the last 20 years. Methods: Research was done using Scopus-based bibliographic data from March 1st 2003 until August 31st 2023. Data was filtered according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Filtered publication data was downloaded in CSV format and screened using the OpenRefine software. Analysis and visualization of the final data were conducted using softwares which were Scopus, TableauPublic, VosViewer, and Microsoft Excel. Results: There were 672 periodontitis publications, 222 periimplantitis publications, 836 periodontitis and/or periimplantitis publications related to photonic therapy. There is an uptrend on publications regarding photonic therapy in the last decade, 83.93% periodontitis-associated; 92.34% periimplantitis-associated; and 86.24% periodontitis and/or periimplantitis-associated. Publications with the most contribution was associated with keywords that were “humans” and “periimplantitis”; country of Brazil; institution of King Saud University; authors Garcia, V.G. and Theodoro, L.H; in the form of articles, and published in the journal Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy. Conclusion: The bibliometric analysis mapped and discussed publications in photonic therapy as treatment for periodontitis and periimplantitis in the last 20 years.

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"This book provides a comprehensive overview of the photonic sensing field by covering plasmonics, photonic crystal, and SOI techniques from theory to real sensing applications. A literature review of ultra-sensitive photonic sensors, including their design and application in industry, makes this a self-contained and comprehensive resource for different types of sensors, with high value to the biosensor sector in particular. The book is organized into four parts: Part I covers the basic theory of wave propagation, basic principles of sensing, surface plasmon resonance, and silicon photonics; Part II details the computational modeling techniques for the analysis and prediction of photonic sensors; Part III and Part IV cover the various mechanisms and light matter interaction scenarios behind the design of photonic sensors including photonic crystal fiber sensors and SOI sensors. This book is appropriate for academics and researchers specializing in photonic sensors; graduate students in the early and intermediate stages working in the areas of photonics, sensors, biophysics, and biomedical engineering; and to biomedical, environmental, and chemical engineers."

"The optical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene make them potentially suitable for a variety of photonic applications. Carbon nanotubes and graphene for photonic applications explores the properties of these exciting materials and their use across a variety of applications.Part one introduces the fundamental optical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene before exploring how carbon nanotubes and graphene are synthesised. A further chapter focusses on nonlinearity enhancement and novel preparation approaches for carbon nanotube and graphene photonic devices. Chapters in part two discuss carbon nanotubes and graphene for laser applications and highlight optical gain and lasing in carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube and graphene-based fiber lasers, carbon-nanotube-based bulk solid-state lasers, electromagnetic nonlinearities in graphene, and carbon nanotube-based nonlinear photonic devices. Finally, part three focusses on carbon-based optoelectronics and includes chapters on carbon nanotube solar cells, a carbon nanotube-based optical platform for biomolecular detection, hybrid carbon nanotube-liquid crystal nanophotonic devices, and quantum light sources based on individual carbon nanotubes."

"Terapi Fotodinamik banyak digunakan dalam penyembuhan penyakit kanker. Dengan menginjeksikan cahaya laser dengan panjang gelombang 635 nm ke tubuh pasien yang telah diberikan photosensitizer drug maka cahaya laser tersebut akan mengaktifkan photosensitizer drug yang selanjutnya bereaksi dengan cara membunuh sel-sel kanker. Laser Semikonduktor sebagai sumber cahaya injeksi mulai banyak digunakan dalam terapi fotodinamik karena keunggulannya dibanding jenis laser yang lain terutama dari segi ukuran dan harga yang lebih murah. Dalam skripsi ini dilakukan simulasi dan perancangan laser semikonduktor yang sesuai dengan aplikasi terapi fotodinamik, diantaranya memiliki sudut divergensi far field yang besar dan daya keluaran yang bersifat single mode. Sudut divergensi far field yang besar mengindikasikan luasnya area penyinaran sehingga menambah tingkat efisiensi terapi penyinaran, sedangkan daya keluaran yang bersifat single mode dibutuhkan untuk menjamin tingkat keselamatan pasien karena tubuh (kulit, sel-sel danjaringan tubuh) bersifat sensitif terhadap sinar laser. Dari hasil simulasi didapat ketebalan optimal lapisan SCH 0,176 _m, lapisan cladding 0,85 _m, lebar maksimum lateral single mode daerah ridge 1,262 _m dan interval grating duty cycle (0,5-0,.6). Struktur ini menghasilkan nilai optical confinement factor 2,35 %, sudut keluaran cahaya (far field divergence) 45,1_, optical loss 0,01 cm-1 dan loss permukaan 21 cm-1."

"Ketidak efisienan fase optoelektronik pada penguat elektris menjadi alasan dikembangkannya sistem penguat optis Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). Salah satu komponen utama pada sistem EDFA adalah pumping laser. Dioda laser dengan daya besar lebih diutamakan sebagai pumping source dikarenakan laser tersebut memungkinkan pemompaan atom-atom Erbium untuk medium penguatan yang berjarak jauh (sampai ratusan meter). Keluaran dari pumping source ini kemudian digandengkan dengan sinyal input sehingga nantinya akan menghasilkan sinyal output dengan intensitas cahaya yang lebih besar. Dalam skripsi ini dilakukan simulasi dan perancangan 980 nm ridge waveguide laser. Kondisi optimum tercapai ketika optical confinement factor memiliki nilai yang besar, optical loss kecil dan far field beam divergence pada FWHM yang kecil pula. Dari hasil simulasi didapat ketebalan optimal lapisan SCH 100 ?, lapisan cladding 1.5 _m dengan komposisi Al 60%, , lebar lateral single mode daerah ridge 2 _m. Struktur ini menghasilkan nilai optical confinement factor 6.12%, sudut keluaran cahaya (far field divergence) 10.63_, optical loss 9.52x10-11 cm-1.

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Repater?s optoelectronic unefficiency is the main reason why Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) system was found.. One important component of EDFA?s system is pumping laser. High power laser diode is preferable because it can pump Erbium electrons at the gain medium so that it will produce a high gain signal. This signal will be modulated with the input signal which makes the signal amplified. This final assignment explain about how to design 980 nm ridge waveguide laser and the optimalization of basic parameters. Optimum condition will be reached if high optical confinement factor value, small opticall loss and far field divergence accomplished. The simulation show that the optimum Separate Confinement Heterostructure layer thickness is 100 ?, cladding thickness 1.5 _m with Alumunium composition 60%, ridge single mode width 2 _m. This optimum structure produce optical confinement factor 6.12%, far field divergence 10.63_ and optical loss 9.52x10-11 cm-1."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalansi penyakit periodontitis di Indonesia tergolong lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan berbagai penyakit gigi dan mulut lainnya. Berdasarkan data dari Kementerian Kesehatan, prevalansi periodontitis prevalansinya mencapai 74,1% pada tahun 2018. Beban ekonomi dari biaya perawatan periodontitis mencapai hingga 812 milyar rupiah secara global. Negara lain seperti negara Eropa dan Malaysia telah memiliki analisis biaya perawatan periodontitis yang dibutuhkan untuk menanggulangi prevalansi periodontitis. Peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan analisis biaya perawatan periodontitis stage I-IV pada penelitian ini dikarenakan Indonesia sendiri belum memiliki data tersebut. Tujuan: Untuk mendapatkan perkiraan biaya perawatan periodontitis yang dihitung berdasarkan perubahan status periodontal (Indeks Plak (IP), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), Indeks Kalkulus (IK)) setelah perawatan. Metode: Dari 210 rekam medik yang diambil dari Klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI periode April 2020 - Juli 2022, terdapat 64 rekam medik yang dianalisis. Pendekatan deskriptif dan observasional analitik dibuat dan diolah dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan SPSS 26.0. Dilakukan pengambilan data diantaranya adalah biaya perawatan periodontitis dan perubahan skor status periodontal pada variabel IP, PBI, dan IK. Hasil: Biaya perawatan periodontitis stage I-IV berhasil diperoleh, namun biaya perawatan tersebut tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perubahan variabel IP, PBI, dan IK. Perubahan variabel IP, PBI, dan IK juga tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan jumlah kunjungan. Kesimpulan: Didapatkan analisis biaya perawatan berdasarkan stage I-IV dan sekuens perawatan, serta hasil analisis hubungan antara biaya perawatan dengan perubahan variabel IP, PBI, dan IK dan jumlah kunjungan.

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Background: The prevalence of periodontitis in Indonesia is relatively higher compared to various other oral and dental diseases. According to data from the Ministry of Health, the prevalence of periodontitis reached 74.1% in 2018. The economic burden of periodontitis treatment globally amounted to 812 billion rupiah. Other countries, such as those in Europe and Malaysia, have conducted cost analyses of periodontitis treatment to solve its prevalence. Authors of this study are interested in conducting a cost analysis of periodontitis treatment stages I-IV in this study since Indonesia itself lacks such data. Objective: To estimate the cost of periodontitis treatment calculated based on changes in periodontal status (Plaque Index (PI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI) and Calculus Index (CI)) after treatment and number of visits. Method: Out of 210 medical records collected from the Periodontology Clinic at Dental and Oral Health Hospital (RSKGM) of Dentistry University of Indonesia during the period of April 2020 to July 2022, 64 medical records were analyzed. A descriptive and analytical observational approach was employed and processed using univariate and bivariate analysis with SPSS 26.0. Data collection included the cost of periodontitis treatment and changes in periodontal status scores for the PI, PBI and CI variables. Results: The cost of periodontitis treatment stages I-IV was successfully obtained; however, these treatment costs did not show a significant relationship with changes in variables PI, PBI and CI. Neither that the changes of PI, \PBI and CI showed a significant relationship with number of visits. Conclusion: An analysis of treatment costs based on stages I-IV and treatment sequences was obtained, along with the results of the analysis of the relationship between treatment costs and changes in variables PI, PBI and CI and number of visits."

"This book deals with all aspects of plasmonics, basics, applications and advanced developments. Plasmonics is an emerging field of research dedicated to the resonant interaction of light with metals. The light/matter interaction is strongly enhanced at a nanometer scale which sparks a keen interest of a wide scientific community and offers promising applications in pharmacology, solar energy, nanocircuitry or also light sources. The major breakthroughs of this field of research originate from the recent advances in nanotechnology, imaging and numerical modelling. The book is divided into three main parts, extended surface plasmons polaritons propagating on metallic surfaces, surface plasmons localized on metallic particles, imaging and nanofabrication techniques. The reader will find in the book: Principles and recent advances of plasmonics, a complete description of the physics of surface plasmons, a historical survey with emphasize on the emblematic topic of Wood's anomaly, an overview of modern applications of molecular plasmonics and an extensive description of imaging and fabrications techniques."

"Nonlinear photonics and novel optical phenomena contains contributed chapters from leading experts in nonlinear optics and photonics, and provides a comprehensive survey of fundamental concepts as well as hot topics in current research on nonlinear optical waves and related novel phenomena. The book covers self-accelerating airy beams, integrated photonics based on high index doped-silica glass, linear and nonlinear spatial beam dynamics in photonic lattices and waveguide arrays, the theory of polariton solitons in semiconductor microcavities, and terahertz waves."

"Nanophotonics has emerged rapidly into technological mainstream with the advent and maturity of nanotechnology available in photonics and enabled many new exciting applications in the area of biomedical science and engineering that were unimagined even a few years ago with conventional photonic engineering techniques. Handbook of Nanophotonics in Biomedical Engineering is intended to be a reliable resource to a wealth of information on nanophotonics that can inspire readers by detailing emerging and established possibilities of nanophotonics in biomedical science and engineering applications. This comprehensive reference presents not only the basics of nanophotonics but also explores recent experimental and clinical methods used in biomedical and bioengineering research. Each peer-reviewed chapter of this book discusses fundamental aspects and materials/fabrication issues of nanophotonics, as well as applications in interfaces, cell, tissue, animal studies, and clinical engineering. The organization provides quick access to current issues and trends of nanophotonic applications in biomedical engineering. All students and professionals in applied sciences, materials, biomedical engineering, and medical and healthcare industry will find this essential reference book highly useful."