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"Untuk mengetahui kekuatan struktur doubler dalam menahan terjadinya kegagalan akibat retakan yang disebabkan oleh cyclic loading, diperlukan suatu analisis tersendiri yang tidak terdapat pada panduan Structural Repair Manual (SRM). Cyclic loading dapat mengurangi kekuatan skin doubler secara bertahap (fatigue) hingga mencapai kegagalan (fracture). Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis crack growth rate dan jumlah siklus pembebanan yang dibutuhkan untuk memunculkan retakan dengan panjang tertentu (fatigue cycle) terhadap struktur doubler fuselage skin pesawat Boeing 737-900 Extended Range dengan station number 360-380 di antara stringer 6L-7L pada setiap panjang retakan dan ketinggian terbang simulasi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan numerik dengan metode Modified Virtual Crack Closure Integral (MVCCI) untuk mendapatkan nilai Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) melalui software berbasis metode elemen hingga. Melalui nilai yang diperoleh dapat diketahui bahwa nilai crack growth rate dan fatigue cycle berbanding lurus terhadap variasi panjang retakan dan ketinggian terbang simulasi yang diberikan. Nilai crack growth rate paling rendah terjadi pada struktur doubler dengan panjang retakan 8,5 mm dan kondisi terbang 5000 feet yaitu sebesar 2,964 mm/cycle, dan nilai tertinggi sebesar 5,471 mm/cycle terjadi pada struktur doubler dengan panjang retakan 51 mm dan kondisi terbang 40000 feet. Sedangkan, nilai fatigue cycle paling rendah terjadi pada struktur doubler dengan panjang retakan 8,5 mm dan kondisi terbang 40000 feet yaitu sebesar 2,540 cycle, dan nilai tertinggi sebesar 5,470 cycle terjadi pada struktur doubler dengan panjang retakan 51 mm dan kondisi terbang 5000 feet."

"The aim of the study was to evaluate cyclic fatigue resistance of two NiTi instruments and to analyse their surface, fractographic and matrix morphology under ESEM/EDS and optical microscopy. WaveOne Primary and ProTaper Universal F2 brand new instruments were subjected to fatigue testing in an artificial canal with 5.0 mm radius and 60° angle of curvature. Seventy-two instruments were divided into three groups (n = 24), according to the selected kinematics: WaveOne using reciprocation (A); ProTaper using reciprocation (B) or rotation (C). Time to fracture was recorded. Data were analysed with ANOVA and Tukey test. ESEM/EDS analysis was conducted on new files to examine surface characteristics and on fractured fragments to identify the fractographic features. Metallographic analysis was performed with optical microscope on new instruments to evaluate alloy properties. Significant differences were found with Group A, which was statistically more resistant to cyclic fatigue (P < 0.05) than the other groups. Surface analysis of new instruments showed both in WaveOne and ProTaper files the presence of deep milling marks. ESEM fractographic analysis of WaveOne showed multiple crack origins with an area of fatigue propagation wider than ProTaper instruments, in which a single crack origin could be detected. EDS analysis confirmed the equiatomic NiTi composition. Metallographic analysis under optical microscope revealed in WaveOne instruments the presence of nano-crystalline martensitic grains embedded in austenite matrix, presence which could not be found in ProTaper files. WaveOne NiTi files revealed higher resistance to fatigue stress, suggesting extended working time in clinical applications."

"This book provides a concise discussion of fatigue crack growth (FCG) failure and lifing analysis methods for metallic aircraft structures and components. After a reasonably concise historical review, surveys are made of (i) the importance of fatigue for aircraft structural failures and the sources of fatigue nucleation and cracking, (ii) contemporary FCG lifing methods, and (iii) the Quantitative Fractography (QF) required for determining the actual FCG behaviour. These surveys are followed by the main part of the book, which is a discussion, using case histories, of the applicabilities of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) and non-LEFM methods for analysing service fatigue failures and full- and sub-scale test results. This discussion is derived primarily from the experiences of the Defence Science and Technology Group in Melbourne, Australia, and the Netherlands Aerospace Centre, Marknesse, the Netherlands."

"Tingginya persaingan antar perusahaan jasa angkutan travel dengan trayek Jakarta-Bandung, berdampak pada kurangnya perhatian perusahaan pada kondisi stamina pengemudi travel. Apabila kondisi ini terus bekerlanjutan akan menimbulkan kelelahan kerja. Berdasarkan fakta yang berkembang, kelelahan yang terjadi pada pengemudi dikarenakan pengemudi kerap bekerja diatas jam kerja yang seharusnya dan tidak mendapat penghasilan yang tetap. Untuk itu melalui penelitian ini penulis bermaksud untuk melihat terjadinya kelelahan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada salah satu perusahaan penyedia jasa angkutan travel yang ada di Jakarta dengan trayek menuju Bandung yaitu PT Batara Titian Kencana (X-Trans). Variabel yang diteliti, diantaranya dari faktor Internal (usia, IMT, kondisi fisik, dan masa kerja), Faktor eksternal (durasi mengemudi dan shift kerja), dan gejala-gejala kelelahan yang diukur berdasarkan Subjective Symptom Test (SST). Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif observasional dan menggunakan desain penelitian Cross-Sectional (potong lintang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas pengemudi X-Trans Jakarta, Tanggerang, dan Bekasi hanya mengalami kelelahan ringan dan hanya faktor kondisi fisik (kesehatan) dan masa kerja yang terdapat perbedaan proporsi dengan terjadinya kelelahan pada pengemudi travel X-Trans Jakarta tahun 2009.

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The high competition among the transportation services Travel Company?s route from Jakarta to Bandung, made a lack of impact on the company's attention on the condition of drivers travel stamina. If this condition continues can made fatigue work. Based on the fact, fatigue that occurs because of drivers often work over work hours and that should not get a fixed income. Therefore, it is through this research the author intends to see the occurrence of fatigue and the factors that influence on one of the largest travel service providers who have transport in Jakarta, Bandung route towards the PT Batara Titian Kencana (X-Trans). Variables examined, including the Internal factors (age, BMI, physical condition, and the period of work), external factors (the duration of driving and shift work), and symptoms of fatigue are measured based on the subjective Symptom Test (SST). This research is quantitative observational and research design using a Cross-Sectional. Results of a research show the majority of drivers X-Trans Jakarta, Tanggerang, Bekasi, and only a mild reaction condition and the only physical factors (health) and the work that there are differences in proportion with the occurrence of fatigue on drivers travel X-Trans Jakarta in 2009."

"Tingginya kebutuhan manusia yang harus dipenuhi menyebabkan peningkatan produksi di berbagai sektor industri. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan memberlakukan sistem shift kerja. Penerapan sistem shift kerja ini berdampak kepada kelelahan pada pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelelahan pada operator plastic injection di PT X. Faktor yang diteliti merupakan faktor karakteristik pekerja (umur, masa kerja, kondisi kesehatan, dan kuantitas tidur) dan faktor pekerjaan (shift kerja, waktu istirahat, commuting time, dan pekerjaan tambahan). Pengukuran kelelahan pada operator diukur dengan menggunakan Fatigue Severity Scale. Penelitian ini bersifat subjektif analitik dengan menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa sebanyak 99 orang atau 46,5% pekerja mengalami kelelahan. Selain itu juga dapat diketahui bahwa masa kerja, kondisi kesehatan, dan kuantitas tidur mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kelelahan pada operator plastic injection. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengendalian terhadap kelelahan, baik dari pihak manajemen maupun operator itu sendiri.

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Nowadays, the number of human need's demand is always tending to increase. In order to meet with that high demand of human needs, many industries try to increase their production activity supported by a shift work system. But in the reality, we almost find some complaint about a fatigue worker. This research aim to learn about several factors that causes a fatigue among plastic injection operator at PT X. That factors are divided into personal factors (age, years of services, worker's health condition, and a quantity of sleep) and work condition factors (shift system, break time, commuting time, and worker's second job). This research is using a subjective analytical method which is measured by a Fatigue Severity Scale with cross sectional design. The result of this research shows that 99 persons or 46.5% of plastic injection operator at PT X is experienced fatigue, and years of service, worker's health condition, and quantity of sleep factors are significantly related with the fatigue among plastic injection operator. Due to the result of this research, either the management of PT X or the workers itself have to manage that fatigue."

"Kelelahan Kerja adalah kondisi fisik atau mental yang terjadi pada pekerja dan berpengaruh negatif terhadap performa kerjanya. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai faktor- faktor yang berkontribusi menyebabkan terjadinya Kelelahan Kerja Subjektif pada petugas pemadam kebakaran Kota Bogor tahun 2019. Jumlah responden yang diteliti adalah keseluruhan populasi, yaitu 54 pekerja. Pengukuran kelelahan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan berupa gejala kelelahan yang bersumber dari Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 36 pekerja (66,6%) mengalami kelelahan ringan dan 18 pekerja (33,3%) mengalami kelelahan sedang. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Cross Sectional dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif (Chi-square) dan odd ratio untuk mengetahui derajat hubungan dua variabel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak adanya variabel yang memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap terjadinya kelelahan.

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Work Fatigue is a physical or mental condition that occurs to workers and negatively affects their work performance. This study discusses the contributing factors for the occurrence of Subjective Work Fatigue in Bogor City firefighters in 2019. The number of respondents studied was the entire population, which is 54 workers. Measurement of fatigue using a questionnaire in the form of fatigue symptoms originating from the Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) and the results showed that 36 workers (66.6%) experienced mild fatigue and 18 workers (33.3%) experienced moderate fatigue. The research design used was cross sectional using the quantitative method (Chi-square) and odd ratio to determine the degree of relationship between two variabels. The results of this study indicate the absence of variabels that have a significant relationship to the occurrence of fatigue."

"[ABSTRAKFatigue pada pekerja merupakan sebuah risiko yang dapat timbul apabila suatupekerjaan dituntut untuk menggunakan tenaga fisik dan pikiran mental yangberlebihan serta dituntut untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan dalam waktu yang terbatastanpa adanya waktu istirahat yang optimal. Fatigue merupakan risiko utama daripekerja shift seperti pada pekerja shift industri MRO (Maintenance, Repair, andOverhaul) transportasi udara. Transportasi udara dituntut beroperasi selama 24/7 danmemiliki kewajiban untuk memenuhi standar kelaikudaraan. Salah satu industri MROadalah Perusahaan ?X?. Bekerja dalam sistem shift menjadi sumber risiko fatigue bagipekerjanya karena bekerja bertentangan dengan irama sirkadian tubuh, oleh karenaitu dibutuhkan penilaian keluhan fatigue pada pekerjanya sebagai langkah awalprogram fatigue management. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risikokeluhan fatigue pada pekerja shift dan merupakan penelitian kuantitatif denganmenggunakan disain studi cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulanOktober-Desember 2015, di bagian Domestic & International Line MaintenancePerusahaan ?X?, dengan sampel penelitian sebesar 105 responden. Hasilmenunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara shift kerja (p=0,002),kerja lembur (0,005), kuantitas tidur (p=0,048), dan commuting time (p=0,042)dengan keluhan fatigue.ABSTRACTFatigue among workers is a risk that can arise when a job is required to use execessivephysical and mental force to complete the work within a limited time without optimalamount of rests. Fatigue is a risk that commonly occurs for shift workers, includingshift workers in Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) industry for aircraftsincluding commercial airlines. Air transportation operates for 24/7 dan has anobligation to fulfill the standards of aircraft airworthiness. In doing so, one of the MROindustry, Company ?X? develop a system of shift workers with standardized skills tooperate 24/7 for the sake of upholding the airworthiness of aircrafts and adjusting tothe flight schedules. Working in shifts is a risk to the workers, especially the risk ofbeing fatigue, because working in shifts forces them to work against their natural bodyclock. In order to start the development of fatigue management program in Company?X?, it is needed to assess the subjective feelings toward fatigue as a starting point.ABSTRACTThis quantitative research is conducted to determine work related and non work relatedfactors toward the subjective feelings of fatigue with a cross sectional study design.This research was done in October?December 2015 in the Domestic and InternationalLine Maintenance of Company ?X? with a total sample of 105 respondents. Resultsshowed that there is a correlation between work shifts (p=0,002), excessive workinghours (p=0,005), quantity of sleep (p=0,048), and commuting time (0,042) withsubjective feelings toward fatigue.;Fatigue among workers is a risk that can arise when a job is required to use execessivephysical and mental force to complete the work within a limited time without optimalamount of rests. Fatigue is a risk that commonly occurs for shift workers, includingshift workers in Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) industry for aircraftsincluding commercial airlines. Air transportation operates for 24/7 dan has anobligation to fulfill the standards of aircraft airworthiness. In doing so, one of the MROindustry, Company ?X? develop a system of shift workers with standardized skills tooperate 24/7 for the sake of upholding the airworthiness of aircrafts and adjusting tothe flight schedules. Working in shifts is a risk to the workers, especially the risk ofbeing fatigue, because working in shifts forces them to work against their natural bodyclock. In order to start the development of fatigue management program in Company?X?, it is needed to assess the subjective feelings toward fatigue as a starting point.This quantitative research is conducted to determine work related and non work relatedfactors toward the subjective feelings of fatigue with a cross sectional study design.This research was done in October?December 2015 in the Domestic and InternationalLine Maintenance of Company ?X? with a total sample of 105 respondents. Resultsshowed that there is a correlation between work shifts (p=0,002), excessive workinghours (p=0,005), quantity of sleep (p=0,048), and commuting time (0,042) withsubjective feelings toward fatigue.;Fatigue among workers is a risk that can arise when a job is required to use execessivephysical and mental force to complete the work within a limited time without optimalamount of rests. Fatigue is a risk that commonly occurs for shift workers, includingshift workers in Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) industry for aircraftsincluding commercial airlines. Air transportation operates for 24/7 dan has anobligation to fulfill the standards of aircraft airworthiness. In doing so, one of the MROindustry, Company ?X? develop a system of shift workers with standardized skills tooperate 24/7 for the sake of upholding the airworthiness of aircrafts and adjusting tothe flight schedules. Working in shifts is a risk to the workers, especially the risk ofbeing fatigue, because working in shifts forces them to work against their natural bodyclock. In order to start the development of fatigue management program in Company?X?, it is needed to assess the subjective feelings toward fatigue as a starting point.This quantitative research is conducted to determine work related and non work relatedfactors toward the subjective feelings of fatigue with a cross sectional study design.This research was done in October?December 2015 in the Domestic and InternationalLine Maintenance of Company ?X? with a total sample of 105 respondents. Resultsshowed that there is a correlation between work shifts (p=0,002), excessive workinghours (p=0,005), quantity of sleep (p=0,048), and commuting time (0,042) withsubjective feelings toward fatigue., Fatigue among workers is a risk that can arise when a job is required to use execessivephysical and mental force to complete the work within a limited time without optimalamount of rests. Fatigue is a risk that commonly occurs for shift workers, includingshift workers in Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) industry for aircraftsincluding commercial airlines. Air transportation operates for 24/7 dan has anobligation to fulfill the standards of aircraft airworthiness. In doing so, one of the MROindustry, Company ‘X’ develop a system of shift workers with standardized skills tooperate 24/7 for the sake of upholding the airworthiness of aircrafts and adjusting tothe flight schedules. Working in shifts is a risk to the workers, especially the risk ofbeing fatigue, because working in shifts forces them to work against their natural bodyclock. In order to start the development of fatigue management program in Company‘X’, it is needed to assess the subjective feelings toward fatigue as a starting point.This quantitative research is conducted to determine work related and non work relatedfactors toward the subjective feelings of fatigue with a cross sectional study design.This research was done in October—December 2015 in the Domestic and InternationalLine Maintenance of Company ‘X’ with a total sample of 105 respondents. Resultsshowed that there is a correlation between work shifts (p=0,002), excessive workinghours (p=0,005), quantity of sleep (p=0,048), and commuting time (0,042) withsubjective feelings toward fatigue.]"

"Masalah di lingkungan kerja di industri garmen adalah iklim kerja yang panas dan lembab, alat kerja (setrika Iistrik/boiler) yang dapat menghasilkan paparan panas dan kelelahan yang dialami pekerja setrika setelah bekerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lingkungan kerja panas dengan kelelahan pekerja setrika di PT Hansung Garmindo Mulia (PT HGM).Pendekatan penelitian bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan Cross Sectional. Populasi dan sampel yaitu semua pekerja setrika di PT HGM berjumlah 16 orang. Langkah Penelitian dengan cara mengukur Index Suhu Bola Basah (ISBB) di 5 titik di area finishing memakai alat Dues Temp Heat Stress Monitor, mengukur denyut nadi pekerja sebelum dan sesudah bekerja, pengisian kuesioner oleh pekerja dan pengamatan Iangsung oleh peneliti.Hasil penelitian ISBB di 5 area lingkungan kerja PT HGM adalah: 26,9" C; 27,TC; 27,9°C; 29,2?'C; dan 29,7"C, jadi semuanya berada di area slightly warm (di Iuar comfortable) Hasil pengukuran denyut nadi dalam % Cardio Vasculer Load (%CVL) dan pengisian kuesioner temyata semua pekerja setrika di PT HGM mengalami kelelahan setelah me!akukan pekerjaan dengan tingkat kelelahan ringan sampai berat. Data ISBB dan % CVL yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Korelasi Spearman dengan (di = 15, a = 0,05), r hitung 0,577 sedangkan r tabel 0,522.Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara lingkungan kerja panas dengan kelelahan pekerja setrika di PT Hansung Garmindo Mulia, dengan tingkat hubungan sedang. Saran diletakkan local exhaust, posisi tabung boiler dijauhkan jaraknya dari pekerja, desain meja setrika harus antropometri, pekerja minum air (ditambah gula & garam) 1 galas (150 ml) setiap 20 menit, posisi kerja bergantian (duduk dan berdiri) dan supervisi medic secara berkala untuk pekerja."

"Latar belakang :Melihat belum adanya parameter yang spesifik untak pengakuran kelelahan umum pekerja serta sedikitnya penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Sehingga perlu dilakukan suatu studi yang hertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan terhadap timbulnya kelelahan umum dengan menggunakan parameter waktu reaksi L77 Lakassidaya secara objektif dan perasaan kelelahan secara subjektif dengan menggunakan Kuesioner Alat Ukur Perasaan Kelelahan Kerja (KAUPK,).Metode:Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectionaL Pengumpulan data dilakukan bulan Februari 2009 pada total populasi pekerja laki-laki sebuah call center bagian inbound jasa layanan C PT X Jakarta dari data primer dan data sekunder.Hasil :Dari 131 pekerja yang memenuhi persyaratan didapat prevalensi kelelahan mnum adalab 34 orang pekerja (25,9%) dan prevalensi perasaan kelelahan adalah 126 orang pekerja (96,2%). Secara statistik tidak ditemukan hubungau yang bermakna antara penyelesaian panggilan dengan kelelahan umum (OIMJ,79, 95o/.C/=0,3l-2,02) dan perasaan kelelahan (KS value= 1.000). Yang mendekati kemaknaan adalah faktor pencahayaan (OR= 2,26, 95o%CI=0,84-6,08), pelatihan sebelmn bekerja (OR l,80, 95%CI=0,&0-4,05) dan kebiasaan merokok (OR=0,47 95%Cl=0,21-l,06)

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Background :

Specific parameter to measure general fatigue of workers has not been established yet and there were only few researches has been conducted. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a research to measure the prevalence and its factor related to general fatigue using reaction time L77 Lakassidaya objectively and fatique feeling using KAUPK, subjectively.

Method:

This study uses Gross sectional design. Data collection is performed at Call Center at lnbound Department ofC services at PT X Jakarta in February 2009. Sample is taken from total population of male worker at call center. Data collection is performed using primary and secondary data.

Result:

From 131 male workers of which comply with criteria, prevalence of general fatigue is 34 worker (25,9%), prevalence of fatigue feeling is 126 workers (96,2%). Statistically there is no significant relation between call handling accomplishment with general fatigue (OR=0.79. 95%CI=0.31-2.02) and fatigue feeling (KS value=1.000). Close factor are lighting (OR=2,26, 95%CI =0,84-6,08), pre-work training (OR=1,80 95%Cl=0,80-4,05) and smoking habit (OR=0,47 95%Cl=0,21-1,06)."

"Bus merupakan sarana transportasi publik yang masih menjadi pilihan masyarakat luas untuk menempuh perjalanan jarak dekat maupun jarak jauh karena biayanya yang relatif lebih murah. Kondisi pengemudi berperan penting dalam penyediaan pelayanan kebutuhan masyarakat akan transportasi ini. Pengemudi yang mengalami kelelahan dan tidak diatasi maka akan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kecelakaan. Oleh karena itu, survei ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelelahan dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya yang mungkin terjadi pada pengemudi Bus Antar Kota Antar Propinsi (AKAP) Jurusan Jakarta-Solo. Variabel yang diteliti diantaranya faktor internal pengemudi (usia, jenis, IMT, kondisi fisik, masa kerja, waktu tidur) dan faktor eksternal pengemudi (durasi mengemudi, waktu kerja dan jadwal kerja). Kelelahan diukur menggunakan kuesioner berdasarkan gejala kelelahan subjektif.Hasil survei menunjukkan sebagian besar pengemudi mengalami kelelahan ringan dan hanya sebagian kecil yang mengalami kelelahan sedang dengan durasi mengemudi dan kurangnya waktu tidur sebagai faktor yang berhubungan terhadap terjadinya kelelahan pengemudi Bus Antar Kota Antar Propinsi (AKAP) Jurusan Jakarta-Solo.

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Bus is still the popular choice of mass public transport for common people to travel in short or long distance, because the fare is relatively cheap. And the driver's condition plays important role in the presentation of this mass public transportation service. The unrested fatigue will increase the possibility of accident to occur, therefore this survey dedicated to review this fatigue and the all the influencing factor that will likely to happen and affect the driver of City bus between Jakarta and solo.The variable that will be reviewed is the driver's internal factor (age, types of imt, physical condition, years of work, sleep time) and the drivers external factor (driving duration, work hour and work schedulle) fatigue is measured with a questionaire based on subjective fatigue symptoms.

The survey results shows that most drivers only suffer minor fatigue and only a few suffer medium fatigue with drivings duration and lack of rest time as the influencing factor of this fatigue to affect the jakarta-solo bus driver."