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"The proliferation of converged products in today’s marketplace has become inevitable as it lends manufacturer an edge over competitors. One of the lingering questions when it comes to developing a new converged product is what new functionality should be added to the base product. This study investigates the goal congruence effects in terms of utilitarian versus hedonic value and the complementary effects of the base product and the added functionality. It is proposed and found that there is asymmetric effect in the value addition of added functionality with a utilitarian versus hedonic base. While converged products with a utilitarian base gain more from adding an incongruent, hedonic functionality than congruent, utilitarian one, converged products with a hedonic base gain less from adding an incongruent, utilitarian addition than a congruent, hedonic one. Furthermore, this study also examines the effects of complementary relationship between base product and added functionality. The complementary addition elicits higher value addition than non-complementary addition irrespective of the utilitarian versus hedonic value of base product and added functionality. Implications of those findings for any new product developers are presented along with suggestions for further research.

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The proliferation of converged products in today’s marketplace has become inevitable as it lends manufacturer an edge over competitors. One of the lingering questions when it comes to developing a new converged product is what new functionality should be added to the base product. This study investigates the goal congruence effects in terms of utilitarian versus hedonic value and the complementary effects of the base product and the added functionality. It is proposed and found that there is asymmetric effect in the value addition of added functionality with a utilitarian versus hedonic base. While converged products with a utilitarian base gain more from adding an incongruent, hedonic functionality than congruent, utilitarian one, converged products with a hedonic base gain less from adding an incongruent, utilitarian addition than a congruent, hedonic one. Furthermore, this study also examines the effects of complementary relationship between base product and added functionality. The complementary addition elicits higher value addition than non-complementary addition irrespective of the utilitarian versus hedonic value of base product and added functionality. Implications of those findings for any new product developers are presented along with suggestions for further research."

"Interest in using biomass energy as an alternative to fossil fuels has advanced in recent years. This study aimed to assess the effects of torrefaction on the quality of pyrolysis products. Oil palm biomass, such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fiber (MF) and palm kernel shell (PKS) were either untreated (untorrefied) or torrefied (treated), and subsequently pyrolyzed. The experiment’s conditions for torrefaction were set to be a 220°C temperature, a 10°C/min heating rate, and 30 minutes holding time, and for pyrolysis they were set to a 650°C temperature, 20°C/min heating rate and 2 hours holding time. The nitrogen flow rate of 2L/min was maintained for both experiments. The results revealed that the torrefaction pretreatment improved the heating value of the torrefied biomass to 18–21 MJkg-1 from the previous value of 16–19 MJkg-1 for the untorrefied biomass. During torrefaction, the PKS showed a high solid yield of 95% due to high lignin content. The higher heating value (HHV) of the biochar and bio-oil derived from untorrefied and torrefied biomass were between 26–30 MJkg-1 and 16–17 MJkg-1 for the former, and 28–31 MJkg-1, and 17–20 MJkg-1 for the latter. The maximum HHV of 31.2 MJkg-1 was obtained from torrefied PKS biochar. The pyrolysis of torrefied biomass gave higher quality biochar and bio-oil compared to untorrefied biomass. The bio-oil acquired from the pyrolysis of the torrefied sample is less acidic and has a higher calorific value in comparison with the bio-oil obtained from the untorrefied sample. MF and PKS have demonstrated a superior outcome after torrefaction. In this way, the PKS and MF were identified as better biomass for torrefaction and pyrolysis compared to EFB."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganilisis dampak asimetris perubahan harga minyak terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi di Indonesia menggunakan model vector autoregression (VAR) untuk periode dari tahun 1990 kuartal I sampai dengan tahun 2016 kuartal IV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh perubahan harga minyak terhadap produk domestik bruot (PDB) adalah asimetris, yaitu penurunan harga minyak secara signifikan menurunkan PDB, sedangkan kenaikan harga minyak tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi PDB. Upaya untuk menurunkan ketergantungan terhadap minyak dibutuhkan oleh Indonesia, khususnya penurunan kontribusi minyak sebagai sumber pendapatan negara, serta dengan meningkatkan penggunaan energi terbarukan. Sementara itu, perubahan harga minyak, baik penurunan maupun kenaikan harga minyak, tidak mempengaruhi inflasi secara signifikan. Tidak terdapatnya pengaruh perubahan harga minyak terhadap inflasi disebabkan oleh adanya kebijakan subsidi bahan bakar minyak di Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak asimetris perubahan harga minyak terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan model vector autoregression VAR dalam periode dari tahun 1990 kuartal I sampai dengan tahun 2016 kuartal IV. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan bahwa pengaruh perubahan harga minyak terhadap produk domestik bruto PDB adalah asimetris, yaitu penurunan harga minyak secara signifikan menurunkan PDB, sedangkan kenaikan harga minyak tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi PDB. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa PDB Indonesia lebih sensitif terhadap penurunan harga minyak dibandingkan dengan kenaikan harga minyak. Oleh karena itu, upaya untuk menurunkan ketergantungan terhadap minyak dibutuhkan oleh Indonesia, khususnya penurunan kontribusi minyak sebagai sumber pendapatan negara dan sebagai sumber energi, dengan meningkatkan penggunaan energi terbarukan. Sementara itu, perubahan harga minyak, baik penurunan maupun kenaikan harga minyak, tidak mempengaruhi inflasi secara signifikan. Tidak terdapatnya pengaruh perubahan harga minyak terhadap inflasi adalah disebabkan oleh adanya penerapan kebijakan subsidi bahan bakar minyak di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the asymmetric impact of oil price changes on the economic growth of and inflation in Indonesia by using the vector autoregression VAR model for the period from 1990Q1 to 2016Q4. The results show that the impact of oil price changes on the gross domestic product GDP is asymmetric, as a drop in oil prices decreases the GDP, whereas an increase in oil prices does not significantly affect GDP. This suggests that Indonesia rsquo s GDP is more vulnerable to the downward changes in oil prices than upward changes. It is important for Indonesia to reduce its dependency on oil, particularly as its major source of revenue, and also consider utilizing more sources of renewable energy. At the same time, the effects of both the positive and negative changes in oil prices are found to be not statistically significant to inflation. The lack of impact of oil price changes on inflation can be explained by the implementation of the fuel price subsidy in Indonesia."

"Predictions of sensonal changes in N2O emission that occur in natural estuaries are important to anticipate the future implications of global warming....."