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"Tesis ini membahas pengaruh kompetisi terhadap stabilitas perbankan dibeberapa negara ASEAN, diantaranya: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand,dan Filipina. Temuan utama tesis ini adalah seluruh negara ASEAN 5 memilikitingkat persaingan yang terkonsentrasi dengan ditandai oleh nilai Boone yangpositif. Namun demikian, peneliti tidak menemukan pengaruh kompetisi yangsignifikan terhadap stabilitas. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh tingkat stabilitasnegara ASEAN 5 lebih dimotivasi oleh kebijakan bank sentral masing-masingnegara yang cenderung memproteksi pasar perbankan dalam negeri.Namun demikian, peneliti menemukan pengaruh kompetisi yangsignifikan terhadap stabilitas ketika peneliti mempertimbangkan variabellikuiditas. Bank dengan level likuiditas yang tinggi dan rendah dapat memperkuatpengaruh kompetisi terhadap stabilitas secara negatif signifikan, yaitu dimanasemakin kompetitif suatu sistem perbankan, maka semakin tidak stabil lingkunganperbankannya. Hal ini berimplikasi penting bagi regulator untuk mengembangkanaturan mengenai tingkat likuiditas bank yang tepat sehingga mendorong kondisiperbankan yang stabil.

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This study explores the impact of bank competition on banks’ stability in

fiveSouth East Asia countries, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand,

and Philippines. The main finding of this study is that all of those countries have

concentrated competition level which indicated by the positive value of Boone

indicator.However, this study did not find significant impact of competition to

stability. That is caused by central bank’s regulations which protect the domestic

banking instead of the competition itself.

On the other hand, researcher found significant impact of competition to

stability when liquidity level is considered. High and low liquidity banks enhance

competition impact significantly negative to stability. It shows that the more

competitive banking system the more unstable banking environment. These leadto

an important implication that regulator need to develop policies related to

liquidity level stabilizing the banking system"

"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kompetisi bank terhadap stabilitas bank pada bank-bank komersial di negara Anggota ASEAN-5, yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand dan Filipina. Observasi dilakukan terhadap 63 bank komersial di negara anggota ASEAN -5 dalam kurun waktu 2005-2014. Dengan menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Square, diperoleh hasil yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dari tingkat kompetisi bank terhadap stabilitas bank komersial negara anggota ASEAN-5. Hasil penelitian mendukung teori competition-stability yang menunjukkan tingkat kompetisi yang tinggi terkait dengan stabilitas bank yang semakin baik.

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This research analyzes the effect of bank competition on bank stability in ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Philippines) commercial banking. 63 ASEAN-5 commercial banks are observed within period 2005-2014. By using Ordinary Least Square method, this research finds that there is a positive effect of bank competition on ASEAN-5 commercial banking stability. The results of the study support the theory of competition-stability which showed that high level of bank competition is associated with a high bank stability."

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tingkat kompetisi perbankan terhadap cost of credit dan akses kredit perusahaan. Penelitian terdahulu dengan sampel negara maju menunjukkan hasil bahwa kompetisi bank meningkatkan cost of credit, sejalan dengan information hypothesis, dan kompetisi bank meningkatkan akses perusahaan terhadap kredit yang sejalan degan market power hypothesis. Menggunakan data pada industri perbankan dan perusahaan di ASEAN-5 Country yang terdiri dari Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand dan Filipina pada periode 2005-2016, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kompetisi perbankan menyebabkan akses yang lebih mudah terhadap kredit bank dan menurunkan cost of credit. Hasil penelitian ini konsisten pada berbagai pengukuran kompetisi bank yang berbeda yaitu CR5, Herfindahl-hirschman Index, dan Lerner Index. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa ukuran dan tangibility perusahaan mempengaruhi besarnya pengaruh kompetisi bank terhadap cost of credit dan akses kredit.

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ABSTRACTThis research investigates the effect of bank competition on firm rsquo s cost of and access to credit. Some previous studies in developed countries have found that bank competition increases the cost of credit, in line with the information hypothesis. The bank competition also increases firm rsquo s access to credit based on the market power hypothesis. However, banking industry in developing countries have different characteristics compared to developed counties and this leads to a different result from previous studies. Using data from ASEAN 5 Country from 2005 to 2016, this study found that the increase of banking competition leads to an easier access for firm to obtain credit and also decreases the cost of credit that should be paid by the firm. These results are consistent with a broad set of measure of bank competition, which is CR5, Herfindahl hirchman Index and Lerner Index. We also find that the effect of bank competition on cost of credit is generally influence by firm rsquo s size and tangibility. "

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari struktur pasarperbankan terhadap profitabilitas dan stabilitas bank terkait rencana integrasisektor perbankan ASEAN yang merupakan salah satu cetak biru dari MasyarakatEkonomi ASEAN (MEA). Dalam mengukur struktur pasar perbankan digunakanpangsa pasar bank {Relative Market Power (RMP) Hypotesis} dan konsentrasipasar perbankan {Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) Hypothesis}. Penelitianini menggunakan data bank komersial yang terdaftar di pasar bursa saham negaraASEAN 4, yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Filipina pada periode 2009-2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan RMP Hypothesis berlaku di perbankanASEAN dalam mempengaruhi profitabilitas bank, namun tidak berlaku di Thailand dan Filipina. Di Indonesia SCP Hypothesis berlaku dominan dalam menentukan profitabilitas bank. Lain halnya dengan Malaysia, Efficiency Hypothesis mengonfirmasi hubungan pangsa pasar, konsentrasi pasar, dan profitabilitas bank. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa konsentrasi pasar perbankan berpengaruh negatif terhadap stabilitas bank pada perbankan ASEAN, Thailand dan Filipina. Hal tersebut mendukung konsep Concentration Fragility.Lain halnya dengan Indonesia dan Malaysia, konsetrasi pasar perbankan membuatbank lebih tidak stabil. Sehingga hal tersebut mendukung Concentration Stability.Penemuan penting dalam penelitian ini adalah bank dengan pangsa pasar besar/ukuran besar dan permodalan kuat membuat bank dapat bersaing terkait rencana integrasi sektor perbankan ASEAN. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan marger dan akuisisi, khususnya untuk Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis study is aimed for analyzing the influence of banking market structure on bank profitability and stability related to ASEAN banking sector integration plan which is in line with blue print of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). In measuring banking market structure, the research utilized reference of bank market share {Relative Market Power (RMP) Hypotesis}and banking market concentration {Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) Hypotesis}. This research also utilized other references of commercial banks in which listed in stock exchange of ASEAN 4 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Filiphine for 2009 ? 2014 period. One of the research findings has shown that RMP Hypotesis takes part in influencing bank profitability in ASEAN banks, but it does not work in Thailand and Filiphine. In case of Indonesia, SCP Hypothesis dominantly takes part in creating bank profitability. In case of Malaysia, on the other hand, Efficiency Hypothesis confirms market share, market concentration, and bank profitability. The research has also found out that banking market concentration contributes negative impact on bank stability in ASEAN banks, Thailand and Filiphine. This matter supports Concentration Fragility. On the contrary, in case of Indonesia and Malaysia: banking market concentration leads to more instability within the banks. The condition, therefore, supports Concentration Stability. The important finding of this research is that highmarket share/bigger bank and strong capital leads to banks in order to win thecompetition in regard with ASEAN banking integration sector plan. This achievement can be reached by policy of merge and acquisition, especially for Indonesia banks.;This study is aimed for analyzing the influence of banking market structure on bank profitability and stability related to ASEAN banking sector integration plan which is in line with blue print of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). In measuring banking market structure, the research utilized reference of bank market share {Relative Market Power (RMP) Hypotesis}and banking market concentration {Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) Hypotesis}. This research also utilized other references of commercial banks in which listed in stock exchange of ASEAN 4 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Filiphine for 2009 ? 2014 period. One of the research findings has shown that RMPHypotesis takes part in influencing bank profitability in ASEAN banks, but it does not work in Thailand and Filiphine. In case of Indonesia, SCP Hypothesis dominantly takes part in creating bank profitability. In case of Malaysia, on the other hand, Efficiency Hypothesis confirms market share, market concentration, and bank profitability. The research has also found out that banking market concentration contributes negative impact on bank stability in ASEAN banks, Thailand and Filiphine. This matter supports Concentration Fragility. On the contrary, in case of Indonesia and Malaysia: banking market concentration leads to more instability within the banks. The condition, therefore, supports Concentration Stability. The important finding of this research is that highmarket share/bigger bank and strong capital leads to banks in order to win the competition in regard with ASEAN banking integration sector plan. This achievement can be reached by policy of merge and acquisition, especially for Indonesia banks., This study is aimed for analyzing the influence of banking market structure onbank profitability and stability related to ASEAN banking sector integrationplan which is in line with blue print of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).In measuring banking market structure, the research utilized reference of bankmarket share {Relative Market Power (RMP) Hypotesis}and banking marketconcentration {Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) Hypotesis}. This researchalso utilized other references of commercial banks in which listed in stockexchange of ASEAN 4 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Filiphinefor 2009 – 2014 period. One of the research findings has shown that RMPHypotesis takes part in influencing bank profitability in ASEAN banks, but itdoes not work in Thailand and Filiphine. In case of Indonesia, SCP Hypothesisdominantly takes part in creating bank profitability. In case of Malaysia, on theother hand, Efficiency Hypothesis confirms market share, market concentration,and bank profitability. The research has also found out that banking marketconcentration contributes negative impact on bank stability in ASEAN banks,Thailand and Filiphine. This matter supports Concentration Fragility. On thecontrary, in case of Indonesia and Malaysia: banking market concentrationleads to more instability within the banks. The condition, therefore, supportsConcentration Stability. The important finding of this research is that highmarket share/bigger bank and strong capital leads to banks in order to win thecompetition in regard with ASEAN banking integration sector plan. Thisachievement can be reached by policy of merge and acquisition, especially forIndonesia banks.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh non interest income terhadap kinerja sektor perbankan di negara-negara ASEAN 5 dengan proksi Return of Assets (ROA) dan juga Return of Equity (ROE). Teknik estimasi penelitian menggunakan fixed effect model. Dengan menggunakan sampel 68 bank listed di bursa-bursa negara anggota ASEAN 5, yaitu Bursa Efek Indonesia (IDX), Bursa Malaysia (KLSE), Singapore Exchange (SGX), Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), dan Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) pada periode 2008-2012, penulis menemukan bahwa kenaikan pada non interest income memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja sektor perbankan. Hal ini dikarenakan bank yang lebih fokus dengan non interest income justru membuat competitive performance dalam persaingan pasar kredit antar banknya melemah.

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This research aims to examine how an increase in non interest income affects a bank’s performance which is reflected in its Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Using 68 banks listed in ASEAN 5 countries’ stock exchanges which are Bursa Efek Indonesia (IDX), Bursa Malaysia (KLSE), Singapore Exchange (SGX), Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), and Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) for 2008-2012 as samples, it was discovered that an increase in non interest income negatively affects bank performance. Bank with a higher non interest income tends to be too focused in increasing its non interest income. Therefore, its competitive performance in credit market competition, which is its main source of revenues, weakens."

"[Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari penerapan sistem depositinsurance sebagai salah satu opsi financial safety net yang dilakukan pemerintahterhadap tingkat stabilitas perbankan yang diukur dengan menggunakan pengambilanrisiko bank. Dengan menggunakan 48 sampel bank yang berada di negara ASEAN-5(Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Filipina, dan Singapura), penulis menemukan bahwaadanya sistem deposit insurance menurunkan tingkat pengambilan risiko yangdiambil oleh bank dan meningkatkan tingkat pengambilan risiko bank pada saatterjadi krisis., The purpose of this study is to know the effect on deposit insurance systemimplementation, as one of the financial safety net option by government, to thebanking stability which measured by the level of bank risk taking. Using 48 banksample in ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippine, and Singapore),researcher find evidence that the deposit insurance system implementation decreasedthe level of bank risk taking and increased the level of bank risk taking in crisisperiod.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh risiko kredit dan risiko likuiditas terhadap profitabilitas pada sektor perbankan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah fixed effect model. Data yang digunakan pada penilitian ini yaitu data panel yang diperoleh dari 45 perbankan ASEAN 5 dari tahun 2014 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa risko kredit berupa Loan Loss Provision (LLP) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan negatif terhadap profitabilitas (Return on Asset dan Return on Equity) sedangkan risiko kredit berupa Non Performing Loan (NPL) serta risiko likuiditas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of credit risk and liquidity risk on profitability in the banking sector. The method used in this research is fixed effect model. The data used in this study are panel data obtained from 45 ASEAN 5 banks from 2014 to 2018. The results show that credit risk in the form of Loan Loss Provision (LLP) has a significant negative effect on profitability (Return on Assets and Return on Equity) while credit risk in the form of Non Performing Loans (NPL) and liquidity risk does not significantly influence profitability."

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh market power dan non-interest income serta interaksi antara diversifikasi pendapatan (non-interest income) dan market power terhadap stabilitas individual bank di negara-negara ASEAN 5. Penelitian ini menggunakan perhitungan Z-score sebagai proksi stabilitas bank dan Lerner Index sebagai indikator market power. Dengan menggunakan sampel 76 bank yang listed di bursa masing-masing negara ASEAN 5, yaitu Bursa Efek Indonesia (IDX), Bursa Malaysia (KLSE), Singapore Exchange (SGX), Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), dan Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) pada periode 2009 ? 2013, model penelitian diestimasi menggunakan fixed effect model. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa bank dengan market power yang besar memiliki tingkat stabilitas bank yang lebih rendah ketika mendiversifikasikan pendapatannya (non-interest income). ;The study examines the effect of market power and non-interest income and whether revenue diversification (non-interest income) interacts with market power impacting on individual bank stability in ASEAN 5 Countries. This research is used Z-score as proxy for bank stability and Lerner Index as an indicator of market power. The sample consists of 76 listed banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), Bursa Malaysia (KLSE), Singapore Exchange (SGX), Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), and Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) for period 2009 ? 2013. By using fixed effect model to estimate the equation model, the result suggests that banks with greater market power are less stable when they diversify into non-traditional activities (non-interest income). , The study examines the effect of market power and non-interest income and whether revenue diversification (non-interest income) interacts with market power impacting on individual bank stability in ASEAN 5 Countries. This research is used Z-score as proxy for bank stability and Lerner Index as an indicator of market power. The sample consists of 76 listed banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), Bursa Malaysia (KLSE), Singapore Exchange (SGX), Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), and Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) for period 2009 – 2013. By using fixed effect model to estimate the equation model, the result suggests that banks with greater market power are less stable when they diversify into non-traditional activities (non-interest income). ]"

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh market power dan non interest income serta interaksi antara diversifikasi pendapatan non interest income dan market power terhadap stabilitas individual bank di negara negara ASEAN 5 Penelitian ini menggunakan perhitungan Z score sebagai proksi stabilitas bank dan Lerner Index sebagai indikator market power Dengan menggunakan sampel 76 bank yang listed di bursa masing masing negara ASEAN 5 yaitu Bursa Efek Indonesia IDX Bursa Malaysia KLSE Singapore Exchange SGX Stock Exchange of Thailand SET dan Philippine Stock Exchange PSE pada periode 2009 ndash 2013 model penelitian diestimasi menggunakan fixed effect model Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa bank dengan market power yang besar memiliki tingkat stabilitas bank yang lebih rendah ketika mendiversifikasikan pendapatannya non interest income ;The study examines the effect of market power and non interest income and whether revenue diversification non interest income interacts with market power impacting on individual bank stability in ASEAN 5 Countries This research is used Z score as proxy for bank stability and Lerner Index as an indicator of market power The sample consists of 76 listed banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX Bursa Malaysia KLSE Singapore Exchange SGX Stock Exchange of Thailand SET and Philippine Stock Exchange PSE for period 2009 ndash 2013 By using fixed effect model to estimate the equation model the result suggests that banks with greater market power are less stable when they diversify into non traditional activities non interest income ;The study examines the effect of market power and non interest income and whether revenue diversification non interest income interacts with market power impacting on individual bank stability in ASEAN 5 Countries This research is used Z score as proxy for bank stability and Lerner Index as an indicator of market power The sample consists of 76 listed banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX Bursa Malaysia KLSE Singapore Exchange SGX Stock Exchange of Thailand SET and Philippine Stock Exchange PSE for period 2009 ndash 2013 By using fixed effect model to estimate the equation model the result suggests that banks with greater market power are less stable when they diversify into non traditional activities non interest income , The study examines the effect of market power and non interest income and whether revenue diversification non interest income interacts with market power impacting on individual bank stability in ASEAN 5 Countries This research is used Z score as proxy for bank stability and Lerner Index as an indicator of market power The sample consists of 76 listed banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX Bursa Malaysia KLSE Singapore Exchange SGX Stock Exchange of Thailand SET and Philippine Stock Exchange PSE for period 2009 ndash 2013 By using fixed effect model to estimate the equation model the result suggests that banks with greater market power are less stable when they diversify into non traditional activities non interest income ]"

"Krisis keuangan menimbulkan dampak sosial yang besar dan terus-menerus, membuat hubungan stabilitas perbankan, kompetisi dan penetrasi bank asing menjadi penting. Perhatian utama tesis ini adalah mengenai dampak dari penetrasi bank asing dan kompetisi terhadap stabilitas industri perbankan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan asumsi Ordinary Least Square (OLS) untuk menguji pengaruh dari penetrasi bank asing dan kompetisi terhadap stabilitas perbankan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 83 bank di sektor perbankan Indonesia, yang menerbitkan laporan bulanan dari tahun 2008-2013. Hasil penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Panzar-Ross menunjukkan bahwa industri perbankan Indonesia tergolong ke dalam kategori pasar monopolistik. Temuan lainnya menunjukkan bahwa penetrasi bank asing dan kompetisi mempengaruhi stabilitas perbankan. Penetrasi bank asing, dalam hal pembatasan masuknya bank asing yang ketat dan kompetisi memiliki efek yang cenderung membuat sektor perbankan menjadi stabil, namun persyaratan modal yang ketat cenderung melemahkan stabilitas perbankan.

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Financial crises imposed large and persistent social costs, making the relationship of banking stability, competition and foreign bank penetration important. The main concern of this thesis is the impact of foreign bank penetration and competition on the stability of the Indonesian banking industry. This research used multiple regression analysis with assumption Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to examine the influence of foreign bank penetration and competition on the banking stability. The sample of this study consist of 83 banks in Indonesia banking sector, which were published monthly report from 2008-2013.

Using the Panzar-Rosse approach indicated that Indonesian banking industry could be cataragorized into monopolistic market. Other results show that foreign bank penetration and competition affect banking stability. Foreign bank penetration, in terms of restrictions on the entry of foreign banks were tight and competition had similar effects tended to stabilize the banking stability, but stricter capital requirements tended to destabilize the banking stability."