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"Plastik merupakan bahan stabilitas tinggi hasil polimerisasi monomer dengan tingkat penggunaan yang tinggi. Sampah plastik berbahaya bagi lingkungan karena partikel penyusunnya memiliki ketahanan dan kestabilan tinggi sehingga proses degradasinya berlangsung lama. Di lingkungan perairan, plastik akan mengalami degradasi atau penguraian menjadi partikel kecil yang disebut mikroplastik (<5 mm). Partikel mikroplastik berpotensi termakan oleh berbagai biota perairan sehingga membahayakan siklus rantai makanan melalui proses biomagnifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik mikroplastik (bentuk, ukuran, dan jenis polimer) pada air, sedimen dan ikan belanak Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) pada organ dan jaringan (daging, insang, saluran pencernaan) di Muara Sungai Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian ini diawali dengan pengambilan sampel dengan  air  diambil sebanyak 50 L lalu disaring menggunakan plankton net hingga tertampung volume air 1000 mL, sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Vanveen grab hingga tertampung pada jar 500 mL dan sampel ikan belanak diambil 10 ekor menggunakan bubu. Ekstraksi sampel sedimen dilakukan dengan pemberian larutan NaCl jenuh dengan perbandingan 1 (sedimen): 2 (NaCl jenuh), kemudian diberi larutan H2O2 30% + FeSO4 0,05 M  dengan perbandingan 1:1 untuk sampel air dan sedimen. Ekstraksi sampel ikan dilakukan dengan mengambil jaringan dan organ yang digunakan, ditimbang dan dan diberi larutan KOH 10% sebanyak 50 mL. Sampel air, sedimen dan ikan disaring menggunakan kertas saring Whatman dan diidentifikasi mikroplastik menggunakan mikroskop olympus CX22LED. Analisis polimer mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode Raman Spectroscopy. Uji statistik seperti uji kruskal-walis, one way anova, dan uji regresi spearman dan pearson digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata total kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air 710 ± 183,34  partikel meter-3, sedimen 879,63 ± 205,13 partikel Kg-1 dan ikan belanak 210,8 ± 108,80 partikel individu-1. Nilai kelimpahan mikroplastik ikan belanak jika diurutkan dari yang tertinggi hingga terkecil adalah daging, saluran pencernaan, dan insang. Secara keseluruhan, bentuk dan ukuran mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah fiber dan <300 µm. Polimer mikroplastik yang dominan adalah PET, PP, dan PVC. Berdasarkan hasil uji beda nyata kelimpahan mikroplastik antar organ dan jaringan ikan belanak menunjukan tidak memiliki perbedaannya yang signifikan. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukan adanya korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di air dan sedimen Muara Sungai Blanakan terhadap kelimpahan mikroplastik di ikan belanak.

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Plastik is a high-stability material resulting from the polymerization of monomers, with a high level of usage. In aquatic environments, plastic undergoes photo-oxidative degradation by UV radiation from the sun and chemical processes, leading to the breakdown of plastic waste into small particles known as microplastics (<5 mm). Microplastic particles have the potential to be ingested by various aquatic organisms, posing a risk to the food chain through biomagnification. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of microplastics in water, sediment, and the flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in different organs and tissues (muscle, gills, digestive tract) in the Blanakan River Estuary, Subang, West Java, based on their shape, size, and polymer types. Water samples were collected in a volume of 50 L, filtered using a plankton net to obtain a final volume of 1000 mL. Sediment samples were collected using a Vanveen grab and stored in 500 mL jars, while flathead grey mullet samples were collected using bubu (10 individuals). Sediment sample extraction was performed using a saturated NaCl solution with a ratio of 1 (sediment) to 2 (saturated NaCl solution), followed by the addition of a 30% H2O2 + 0.05 M FeSO4 solution in a 1:1 ratio for water and sediment samples. Fish sample extraction involved weighing and placing the tissues and organs in a glass beaker, followed by the addition of a 10% KOH solution in a volume of 50 mL. The water, sediment, and fish samples were then filtered using Whatman filter paper with the assistance of a vacuum pump, and placed in Petri dishes for microplastic identification using an Olympus CX22LED microscope. Polymer analysis of microplastics was performed using Raman Spectroscopy. Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests were used to determine significant differences in the abundance and composition of microplastics (size and shape) in water, sediment, flathead grey mullet, and their respective organs. Spearman and Pearson correlation tests were used to investigate the influence of water and sediment, as well as morphometric values, on microplastic accumulation in flathead grey mullet. The research findings showed an average total abundance of microplastics in water to be 710 ± 183,34 particles meter-3, in sediment to be 879,63 ± 205,13 particles kilogram-1, and in flathead grey mullet to be 210,8 ± 108,80 particles individual-1. When ranked in descending order, the abundance of microplastics in the three parts of the flathead grey mullet were as follows: flesh, digestive tract, and gills. Overall, the most commonly found forms and sizes of microplastics were microplastic fibers and those below 300 µm. The polymer analysis revealed that the microplastics found in the Blanakan River Estuary were dominated by PET (40%),  PP (40%), and PVC (20%). Based on the significant difference test for microplastic abundance among different parts of the flathead grey mullet, no significant differences were found. The Spearman correlation test indicated a correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment in the Blanakan River Estuary and the abundance of microplastics in flathead grey mullet."

"Plastik merupakan salah satu barang yang memiliki tingkat penggunaan yang tinggi hingga mencapai skala produksi sebesar 300 juta ton pertahun. Limbah plastik di perairan membutuhkan waktu hingga ratusan tahun untuk terdegradasi karena karakteristiknya yang kuat, tahan lama, dan tahan terhadap suhu tinggi. Proses degradasi limbah plastik di perairan disebabkan oleh sinar UV yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan bentuk dan ukuran menjadi lebih kecil (mikroplastik) atau tercampur di dalam air (< 5mm). Ukuran yang kecil menyebabkan mikroplastik dapat dengan mudah termakan oleh biota perairan, seperti ikan atau melalui mangsanya yang lebih kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi dan kelimpahan mikroplastik berdasarkan bentuk, ukuran, dan polimer pada air, sedimen, serta organ dan jaringan ikan kiper Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) di muara Sungai Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel air sebanyak 50 L lalu disaring menggunakan plankton net hingga mendapatkan 1 L sampel air, pengambilan sedimen dilakukan menggunakan Van Veen grab lalu dimasukkan ke dalam jar HDPE 500 ml, dan pengambilan sampel ikan sebanyak 10 individu dilakukan menggunakan alat tangkap bubu. Sampel air ditambahkan larutan H2O2 30% dan FeSO4 0,05 M masing-masing sebanyak 25 ml. Sampel sedimen dicampurkan larutan NaCl dengan perbandingan sebesar 1 : 2 dan didiamkan. H2O2 30% dan FeSO4 0,05 M ditambahkan hingga sampel terendam. Sampel ikan dibedah untuk diambil bagian insang, saluran pencernaan, dan daging. Setiap bagian dihancurkan menggunakan larutan KOH 10% dengan perbandingan 1 : 10 dan didiamkan. Sampel air, sedimen, dan ikan dipipet sebanyak 40 ml dan disaring menggunakan kertas saring cellulose nitrate dengan bantuan vacuum pump lalu kertas saring ditempatkan di cawan petri. Sampel air, sedimen, dan ikan kiper diamati pada kertas saring menggunakan mikroskop Olympus CX22 dan analisis polimer mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode Raman Spectroscopy. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji one way ANOVA, Kruskal wallis, dan Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air sebesar 710 partikel/m3, sedimen sebesar 879,63 partikel/kg, dan ikan sebesar 74,77 partikel/individu. Kelimpahan mikroplastik dari yang tertinggi hingga terkecil pada ikan kiper terdapat di daging, saluran pencernaan, dan insang. Komposisi mikroplastik paling dominan berupa bentuk fiber dan ukuran < 300 µm. Polimer yang ditemukan bertipe PET, PP, dan PVC. Uji Kruskal wallis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan secara nyata kelimpahan mikroplastik antar organ dan jaringan ikan. Uji Pearson menunjukkan adanya korelasi kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air dan sedimen terhadap kelimpahan mikroplastik di ikan.

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Plastic is one of the commodities with a high level of usage, reaching a production scale of 300 million tons per year. Plastic waste in water takes hundreds of years to degrade due to its strong, durable, and heat-resistant characteristics. The degradation process of plastic waste in water is caused by UV radiation, which leads to changes in shape and size, resulting in smaller particles (microplastics) or mixing with water (< 5mm). The small size of microplastics makes them easily ingestible by aquatic organisms, such as fish, or through their prey, which are smaller in size. This research aims to analyze the composition and abundance of microplastics based on their form, size, and polymer in water, sediments, as well as the organs and tissues of the Scatophagus argus(Linnaeus, 1766) fish in the estuary of the Blanakan River, Subang, West Java. The research method involved collecting 50 liters of water samples, which were then filtered using a plankton net to obtain a 1-liter water sample. Sediment samples were collected using a Van Veen grab and placed in a 500 ml HDPE jar, while fish samples were collected using a fish trap, with a total of 10 individuals. The water sample was treated with 25 ml of 30% H2O2 and 0.05 M FeSO4 solutions. The sample was mixed with a NaCl solution in a ratio of 1:2 and left to settle. H2O2 (30%) and FeSO4 (0.05 M) were added until the sample was fully submerged. The samples were dissected to obtain gill, digestive tract, and muscle tissue. Each part was crushed using a 10% KOH solution in a 1:10 ratio and left to settle. Water, sediment, and fish samples were pipetted (40 ml) and filtered using cellulose nitrate filter paper with the assistance of a vacuum pump, and the filter papers were placed in Petri dishes. The water, sediment, and fish samples were observed on the filter paper using an Olympus CX22 microscope, and the analysis of microplastic polymers was conducted using Raman Spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson tests. The results of the study showed that the average abundance of microplastics in water samples was 710 particles/m3, in sediments it was 879.63 particles/kg, and in fish it was 74.77 particles/individual. The highest abundance of microplastics in the kiper fish was found in the muscle tissue, followed by the digestive tract and gills. The dominant composition of microplastics was in the form of fibers and with a size of < 300 µm. The polymers found were PET, PP, and PVC. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant difference in microplastic abundance among the organs and tissues of fish. The Pearson test showed a correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediments with the abundance of microplastics in fish."

"Mikroplastik merupakan potongan plastik kecil berukuran 1 μm hingga 5 mm bersifat bioavailable dan ubiquitous. Muara disebut sebagai titik panas mikroplastik karena saat mikroplastik dari sungai memasuki muara, gelombang, pasang surut, dan angin mampu memengaruhi lintasan dan kecepatan partikel masuk ke laut serta pengendapan mikroplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan komposisi bentuk, ukuran, serta jenis polimer mikroplastik yang terakumulasi pada air, sedimen, dan ikan bandeng Chanos chanos di muara Sungai Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di empat titik lokasi. Sampel air disaring menggunakan plankton net 300 μm, sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Van Veen Grab, dan sampel ikan diambil menggunakan bubu. Sampel air diekstraksi dengan larutan H2O2 30% serta FeSO4 0,05 M. Begitu pula dengan sampel sedimen yang sebelumnya telah disuspensi larutan NaCl. Sementara itu, jaringan dan organ daging, insang, dan saluran pencernaan dari 11 sampel ikan bandeng Chanos chanos diisolasi dan diekstraksi menggunakan larutan KOH. Sampel mikroplastik diamati di atas kertas Whatman cellulose nitrate dan dianalisis menggunakan mikroskop. Identifikasi mikroplastik dikelompokkan berdasarkan bentuk yaitu fiber, fragmen, film, pellet, dan foam, serta ukuran yaitu <300 μm, 300-500 μm, 500-1000 μm, dan >1000 μm. Identifikasi jenis polimer dilakukan dengan metode Raman spektrometeri. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air berkisar 526,67 - 946,67 partikel/m3, sedangkan sedimen berkisar 674,07 - 1074,07 partikel/kg dengan dominasi bentuk fiber baik di air maupun sedimen. Kelimpahan mikroplastik ikan bandeng Chanos chanos adalah 43,06 partikel/individu dengan urutan kelimpahan mikroplastik jaringan tertinggi yaitu insang, daging, dan saluran pencernaan. Jenis polimer mikroplastik yang terdeteksi adalah polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), dan poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara keberadaan mikroplastik pada air dan sedimen terhadap ikan bandeng Chanos chanos.

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Microplastics are small pieces of plastic range in size from 1 μm to 5 mm that are bioavailable and ubiquitous. Estuaries are known as "microplastic hot spots" due to the fact that when river microplastic enters an estuary, then waves, tides, and wind can change the direction and speed of the particles entering the sea and the deposition of microplastic. This study aims to analyze the abundance and composition of shape, size, and types of microplastic polymers that accumulate in water, sediment, and milkfish Chanos chanos in the estuary of Blanakan River, Subang, West Java. Sampling was carried out at four sampling points. Water samples were filtered using a 300 μm plankton net, sediment samples were taken using a Van Veen Grab, and fish samples with a trap. Water sample were extracted with 30% H2O2 solution and 0,05 M FeSO4. The same was applicable to sediment samples that had been previously suspended in NaCl solution. Meanwhile, tissues and organs of muscles, gills, and digestive tract from 11 samples of milkfish Chanos chanos were isolated and extracted using KOH solution. Microplastic samples were observed on Whatman cellulose nitrate paper and analyzed using a microscope. Microplastics are categorized according to form, namely fiber, fragment, pellet, film, foam, and size, namely <300 μm, 300-500 μm, 500-1000 μm, and > 1000 μm. The Raman spectrometry method was used to determine the type of polymer. In sediment samples, the amount of microplastics ranged from 674,07 to 1074,07 particles/kg, while the abundance in water samples ranged from 526,67 to 946,67 particles/m3. Fiber predominated in both water and sediment. The abundance of microplastics in milkfish Chanos chanos was 43,06 particles/individual with the biggest tissue microplastic abundance starting with the gills, meat, and digestive tract. The types of microplastic polymers detected were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The correlation test revealed that there was no relationship between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment for the milkfish Chanos chanos."

"Muara Sungai Blanakan yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat merupakan wilayah pesisir yang tinggi aktivitas perikanan tangkap dan tambak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan mikroplastik di air, sedimen, dan ikan kuro (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) serta mengkaji komposisinya. Sampel air dan sedimen diambil dari 4 titik di sekitar muara bersama 12 individu ikan kuro. Sampel air dan sedimen diekstraksi menggunakan reagen Fenton. Sementara insang, saluran pencernaan dan daging yang dibedah pada tiap individu didestruksi dengan KOH 10%. Seluruh larutan sampel yang telah di destruksi disaring menggunakan vacuum pump dengan kertas saring Whatman cellulose nitrate membrane ukuran pori 0,45 μm. Identifikasi mikroplastik dilakukan dengan pengamatan melalui mikroskop untuk perhitungan kelimpahan serta komposisi mikroplastik yang dikategorikan berdasarkan bentuk, ukuran, dan warna. Sementara jenis polimer dianalisis menggunakan Raman microscopes spectrometer. Penelitian ini menunjukkan mikroplastik ditemukan pada seluruh sampel dan lokasi penelitian dengan kelimpahan yang berbeda. Rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air didapatkan 710 ± 183,34 partikel/m3 dan pada sedimen 879,63 ± 205,14 partikel/kg. Sementara pada organ dan jaringan ikan berturut-turut dari kelimpahan terbesar diperoleh 16,64 ± 9,09 partikel/gr pada saluran pencernaan, 11,95 ± 5,33 partikel/gr pada insang, dan 3,55 ± 0,81 partikel/gr pada daging. Secara keseluruhan, komposisi mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini merupakan bentuk fiber, fragmen, film, dan pellet, dengan tidak ditemukannya bentuk foam. Ukuran mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan pada air, sedimen, dan jaringan daging ikan merupakan <300 μm. Sementara pada insang dan saluran pencernaan, ukuran >1000 μm paling banyak ditemukan. Warna biru pada studi ini menjadi warna mikroplastik yang paling mendominasi. Polimer mikroplastik yang ditemukan merupakan polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), dan polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di air maupun sedimen terhadap akumulasi mikroplastik pada ikan kuro.

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Blanakan River estuary in Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia is a coastal area with a high fishing and ponds activities. This study aims to examined the abundance and composition of microplastic contamination in water, sediment, and fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum). Water and sediment samples were obtained at 4 various location around the estuary with 12 individual fourfinger threadfin fish. Water and sediment samples were extracted using Fenton's reagent. The dissected gills, digestive tracts and muscles were destroyed with 10% KOH. All digested sample solution are filtered using a vacuum pump and Whatman cellulose nitrate membrane filter paper with a 0.45 μm pore size. Identification of microplastics was carried out by microscope observation to calculate the abundance and composition of microplastics which were categorized based on shape, size and color. While the type of polymer was analyzed using a Raman microscopes spectrometer. This study demonstated that microplastics were found at all samples and research locations with different abundances. The average abundance of microplastics in water was 710 ± 183.34 particles/m3 and in the sediment sample was 879.63 ± 205.14 particles/kg. While in fish, the highest abundance was found in the digestive tract at 16.64 ± 9.09 particles/gr, followed gills at 11.95 ± 5.33 particles/gr, and muscle at 3.55 ± 0.81 particles/gr. Overall, the composition of microplastics form consisted of fiber, fragments, films, and pellets; foam was absent in this study. The most frequent size of microplastic found in water, sediment, and fish tissue is <300 μm. While sizes greater than 1000 μm are most frequently observed in the gills and digestive tract. In this study, blue is the predominant microplastic color. Microplastic polymers detected were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The correlation test showed that there was no correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment with the accumulation of microplastics in fourfinger threadfin fish."

"Pencemaran mikroplastik menjadi ancaman bagi kehidupan biota. Mikroplastik yang terakumulasi dalam saluran pencernaan biota dapat menghambat pertumbuhan, mempengaruhi reproduksi, dan kerusakan organ internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan  bentuk mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang, dan saluran pencernaan Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus di Situ Rawa Besar, Depok. Sampel air dan sedimen di ambil pada 3 stasiun pengambilan sampel dari situ. Sampel Ikan Nila diambil 5 ekor masing-masing pada 3 stasiun. Sampel insang dan saluran pencernaan dihancurkan menggunakan larutan asam nitrat (HNO3) 65%. Sampel air diambil 20 L dan disaring menggunakan plankton net. Sampel sedimen dikeringkan dalam oven sebanyak 25 gram. Larutan NaCl jenuh digunakan untuk memisahkan mikroplastik dengan pengotor. Sebanyak 1 mL sampel diteteskan pada Sedgewick Rafter Chamber kemudian diamati dan dihitung berdasarkan bentuk mikroplastik di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian pada Juli 2022 menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik berkisar antara 15,00-23,33 partikel L-1 pada air, 20.330,00-45.330,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 182,67-593,33 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 596,00-701,33 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Kelimpahan mikroplastik tersebut lebih rendah dari kelimpahannya pada September 2023, yaitu berkisar antara 24,33-34,67 partikel L-1 pada air, 31.000,00-65.670,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 317,33-744,00 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 844,00-1.120,00 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Bentuk mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah fragmen pada air, Ikan Nila, dan sedimen. Penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah mikroplastik di Situ Rawa Besar seiring berjalannya waktu yang didukung oleh beberapa faktor seperti peningkatan populasi, peningkatan sampah plastik, aktivitas antropogenik, dan curah hujan.

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Microplastic pollution poses a threat to the life of aquatic organisms. Accumulated microplastics in the digestive tracts of these organisms can hinder growth, affect reproduction, and cause internal organ damage. This research aims to determine the abundance and forms of microplastics in water, sediment, gills, and digestive tracts of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Situ Rawa Besar, Depok. Water and sediment samples were collected from three sampling stations in the lake. Five Nile Tilapia samples were taken from each station. Gill and digestive tract samples were digested using 65% nitric acid (HNO3) solution. Twenty liters of water were collected and filtered using a plankton net. Sediment samples were dried in an oven, with 25 grams used for analysis. A saturated NaCl solution was employed to separate microplastics from impurities. One milliliter of the sample was dropped onto a Sedgewick Rafter Chamber, then observed and counted based on microplastic forms under a microscope. The research results in July 2022 indicated that microplastic abundance ranged from 15.00 to 23.33 particles L-1 in water, 20,330.00 to 45,330.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 182.67 to 593.33 particles ind-1 in gills, and 596.00 to 701.33 particles ind-1 in the digestive tract. These abundances were lower than those in September 2023, ranging from 24.33 to 34.67 particles L-1 in water, 31,000.00 to 65,670.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 317.33 to 744.00 particles ind-1 in gills, and 844.00 to 1,120.00 particles ind-1 in the digestive tract. The most dominant form of microplastics was fragments in water, Nile Tilapia, and sediment. This research indicates an increase in the quantity of microplastics in Situ Rawa Besar over time, supported by factors such as population growth, increased plastic waste, anthropogenic activities, and rainfall."

"Pencemaran di hutan mangrove, salah satunya yaitu pencemaran sampah plastik. Sampah plastik yang terdegradasi dan terurai dalam jangka waktu lama berubah menjadi serpihan plastik disebut mikroplastik (< 5 mm). Jika mikroplastik tertelan oleh biota perairan, maka membahayakan biota tersebut. Biota perairan yang memiliki habitat di mangrove Muara Teluknaga dan dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat adalah ikan belanak (Mugil dussumieri) dan kerang darah (Anadara granosa). Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk menghitung jumlah dan mengidentifikasi jenis mikroplastik serta menganalisis hasil FTIR sampel ikan belanak, air mangrove, kerang darah, dan sedimen mangrove Muara Teluknaga. Pengambilan sampel pada ikan belanak dan air mangrove sebanyak 3 stasiun dan pengambilan sampel kerang darah dan sedimen sebanyak 2 stasiun. Masing-masing sampel ikan belanak dan kerang darah disimpan dalam botol kaca yang berisi alkohol dan dilanjutkan pengambilan organ lunak diikuti pemberian larutan HNO3. Jenis-jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada sampel ikan belanak, kerang darah, air mangrove, dan sedimen yaitu fiber, film dan fragmen. Mikroplastik paling banyak ditemukan pada sampel ikan belanak, air mangrove, kerang darah, dan sedimen adalah mikroplastik fiber. Hasil FTIR sampel ikan belanak ditemukan adanya polimer polyethylene (PE) dan sampel air mangrove ditemukan gugus poly (dimethyl siloxane).

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One of pollutin in mangroves is plastic waste pollution. Plastic waste degraded and decomposed over a long period of time turns into plastic debris called microplastic (< 5 mm). If microplastics are swallowed by fishery biota, then they endanger biota. Biota in mangrove of MuaraTeluknaga consumed by people are mullet (Mugil dussumieri) and blood cockle (Anadara granosa). The study was conducted to count the number and identify the types of microplastics and analyze the results of FTIR samples of mullets, mangrove water, blood cockle, and mangrove sediments. Taking sampling on mullet and mangrove water with 3 stations and taking samples of blood cockles and sediment with 2 stations. Each sample of mullet fish and blood cockle was stored in glass bottle containing alcohol and prepared to take organization received HNO3 assistance. The types of microplastics found in samples of mullets, blood cockles, mangrove water, and sediment are fiber, film, and fragment. The most common microplastic found in samples of mullets, mangrove water, blood cockle, and sediments are fiber. FTIR results of mullet fish sample found was containing polyethylene (PE) polymers and mangrove water samples poly groups (dimethyl siloxane) were found."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya polusi plastik yang menyebabkan pencemaran mikroplastik di perairan air tawar. Situ Rawa Besar, Depok merupakan salah satu situ yang tercemar oleh mikroplastik akibat aktivitas manusia di sekitarnya. Mikroplastik dapat berdampak negatif bagi organisme akuatik seperti ikan sapu-sapu Pterygoplichthys pardalis yang merupakan spesies invasif dan bioindikator pencemaran mikroplastik di situ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar serta menguji perbedaan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tahun 2022 dengan 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang, dan saluran pencernaan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun. Parameter fisika-kimia air seperti suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, dan kecerahan air diukur secara in situ. Sampel air 20 L disaring menggunakan plankton net dan sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Ekman grab dan dikeringkan dengan oven, lalu ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Sampel ikan sapu-sapu diambil sebanyak 15 ekor dengan menggunakan jaring ikan. Sampel insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan dipisahkan dengan menggunakan dissecting set dan dilarutkan dengan HNO3 kemudian ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Perhitungan partikel mikroplastik dilakukan di bawah mikroskop dan sampel diletakkan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. Mikroplastik dianalisis kelimpahannya dan diklasifikasikan menurut bentuknya (pellet, fiber, film, dan fragmen) serta dihitung persentase komposisi mikroplastik dalam sampel. Hasil penelitian pada tahun 2022 menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik berkisar antara 12,67 – 20,33 partikel L-1 pada air, 14.400,00-38.400,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 250,67-386,67 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 313,33-369,33 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Kelimpahan mikroplastik tersebut lebih rendah dari kelimpahannya pada tahun 2023, yaitu berkisar antara 14,67-32,00 partikel L-1 pada air, 16.533,33-41.600,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 333,33-446,67 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 429,33-502,67 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Bentuk mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah fiber pada air dan ikan sapu-sapu, fragmen pada sedimen. Warna mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah biru pada air dan sedimen, hitam pada insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tahun 2023 lebih tinggi dibandingkan tahun 2022, dengan peningkatan sebesar 15,24% pada insang, 24,25% pada saluran pencernaan, 27,91% pada air, dan 7,12% pada sedimen. Penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah mikroplastik di Situ Rawa Besar seiring berjalannya waktu yang didukung oleh beberapa faktor seperti peningkatan populasi, peningkatan sampah plastik, aktivitas antropogenik, dan curah hujan.

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This research was motivated by the increasing plastic pollution that causes microplastic contamination in freshwater bodies. Situ Rawa Besar, Depok is one of the lakes that is polluted by microplastics due to human activities around it. Microplastics can have negative impacts on aquatic organisms such as Amazon Sailfin Catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis which is an invasive species and a bioindicator of microplastic pollution in the lake. This research aims to analyze the abundance, shape and color of microplastics in water, sediment, gills and digestive tract of sailfin catfish in Situ Rawa Besar and to test the difference in microplastic abundance between 2022 and 2023. This research uses descriptive quantitative method to analyze the abundance, shape and color of microplastics in water, sediment, gills, and digestive tract of sailfin catfish in Situ Rawa Besar. Sampling was done at three stations. Physico-chemical parameters of water such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity were measured in situ. Water samples of 20 L were filtered using plankton net and sediment samples were taken using Ekman grab and dried with oven, then added with saturated NaCl solution. Sailfin catfish samples were taken as many as 15 individuals using fish net. Gill and digestive tract samples were separated using dissecting set and dissolved with HNO3 then added with saturated NaCl solution. Microplastic particle counting was done under microscope and samples were placed on Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. Microplastics were analyzed for their abundance and classified according to their shape (pellet, fiber, film, and fragment) and the percentage composition of microplastics in the sample was calculated. The results of the research in 2022 showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 12.67-20.33 particles L-1 in water, 14,400.00-38,400.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 250.67-386.67 particles ind-1 in gills, and 313.33-369.33 particles ind-1 in digestive tract. The abundance of microplastics was lower than its abundance in 2023, which ranged from 14.67-32.00 particles L-1 in water, 16,533.33-41,600.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 333.33-446.67 particles ind-1 in gills, and 429.33-502.67 particles ind-1 in digestive tract. The most dominant shape of microplastics was fiber in water and sailfin catfish, fragment in sediment and digestive tract of sailfin catfish. The most dominant color of microplastics was blue in water and sediment, black in gills and digestive tract of sailfin catfish. The abundance of microplastics increased from 2022 to 2023, with an increase of 15.24% in gills, 24.25% in digestive tract, 27.91% in water, and 7.12% in sediment. This research shows an increase in the number of microplastics in Situ Rawa Besar over time supported by several factors such as population growth, increased plastic waste, anthropogenic activities, and rainfall."

"Peningkatan jumlah limbah plastik yang dibuang ke Situ Rawa Besar mengancam habitat ikan cere. Limbah plastik akan terdegradasi menjadi partikel kecil yang disebut dengan mikroplastik. Mikroplastik dapat terkonsumsi oleh ikan cere karena ukurannya yang mirip dengan sumber makanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya keberadaan mikroplastik dan menganalisis berbagai macam bentuk mikroplastik pada air, sedimen dan ikan cere Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) di Situ Rawa Besar pada musim kemarau 2022 dan musim hujan 2023. Seluruh sampel diambil di 3 stasiun yaitu inlet, midlet, dan outlet. Sampel air 20 L disaring menggunakan plankton net 350 mesh, sampel sedimen diambil 250 mL menggunakan Ekman grab, ikan cere diambil secara acak menggunakan dip net sebanyak 15 individu. Sampel ikan diawetkan dengan alkohol 70% dan diekstraksi menggunakan 5mL HNO3 1 M. Sedimen dikeringkan pada oven 65C dan dihaluskan. Seluruh sampel dilarutkan dengan NaCl jenuh. Larutan dihomogenisasi sebanyak 20 mL dan 1 mL diteteskan pada Sedgewick Rafter Chamber untuk diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Hasil pengamatan pada musim kemarau 2022 menunjukkan total rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air sejumlah 46,33 ± 4,67 partikel L-1, pada sedimen sejumlah 31.777,78 ± 16.344,67 partikel kg-1, pada ikan cere sejumlah 291,11 ± 73,10 partikel ind-1 atau 93,52 ± 14,33 partikel cm-1. Sementara itu, pada musim hujan 2023 menunjukkan total rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air sejumlah 64,67 ± 8,70 partikel L-1 , pada sedimen sejumlah 34.222,22 ± 17.493,91 partikel kg-1, dan pada ikan cere sejumlah 254,00 ± 40,28 partikel ind-1 atau 89,71 ± 12,15 partikel cm-1. Hasil Uji Korelasi Spearman menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif sangat kuat antara kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air dengan sedimen, serta antara panjang ikan cere dengan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada ikan cere. Hasil analisis Uji T Dua Sampel menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada seluruh sampel.

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The increasing amount of plastic waste dumped into Situ Rawa Besar threatens the mosquitofish habitat. Plastic waste degrades into small particles called microplastics. Microplastics can be consumed by mosquitofish because their size is similar to that of their food source. This research aims to determine the presence of microplastics and analyze various forms of microplastics in water, sediment, and the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853) in Situ Rawa Besar during the 2022 dry season and the 2023 wet season. All samples were taken at three stations, namely inlet, midlet, and outlet. A 20 L water sample was filtered using a 350 mesh plankton net, 250 mL sediment samples were taken using an Ekman grab, and 15 mosquitofish were randomly captured using a dip net. Fish samples were preserved with 70% alcohol and extracted using 5 mL of 1 M HNO3. The sediment was dried in an oven at 65°C and ground. All samples were dissolved with saturated NaCl. The solution was homogenized to 20 mL, and 1 mL was dropped into the Sedgewick Rafter Chamber to be observed under a light microscope. The results of observations in the 2022 dry season showed that the total average abundance of microplastics in the water was 46.33 ± 4.67 particles L-1, in sediment was 31,777.78 ± 16,344.67 particles kg-1, and in mosquitofish was 291.11 ± 73.10 particles ind-1 or 93.52 ± 14.33 particles cm-1. Meanwhile, in the 2023 wet season, the total average abundance of microplastics in the water was 64.67 ± 8.70 particles L-1, in the sediment was 34,222.22 ± 17,493.91 particles kg-1, and in mosquitofish was 254.00 ± 40.28 particles ind-1 or 89.71 ± 12.15 particles cm-1. The results of the Spearman Correlation Test showed that there was a very strong positive correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment, as well as between the length of mosquitofish and the abundance of microplastics in mosquitofish. The results of the Two Sample T Test analysis show that there are no significant differences in all samples."

"Mikroplastik diketahui telah tertelan oleh berbagai taksa biota. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk, dan warna mikroplastik yang terdapat pada air, sedimen, dan ikan cere Gambusia affinis di Situ Kenanga dan Situ Mahoni, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat. Seluruh sampel diambil di 3 stasiun yaitu inlet, midlet, dan outlet. Sampel air 20 L disaring menggunakan plankton net 350 mesh, sampel sedimen diambil 250 mL menggunakan Ekman grab, ikan cere diambil secara acak menggunakan dip net sebanyak 20 individu dari tiap situ. Sampel ikan diawetkan dengan alkohol 70% dan diekstraksi menggunakan 10 mL NaOH 1 M. Sedimen dikeringkan pada oven 65°C dan dihaluskan. Seluruh sampel dilarutkan dengan NaCl jenuh. Larutan dihomogenisasi sebanyak 20 mL dan 1 mL diteteskan Sedgewick Rafter Chamber untuk diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan total rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik di Situ Kenanga pada air sejumlah 434,33 ± 23,51 partikel L-1, pada sedimen sejumlah 45.837,04 ± 36.305,97 partikel kg-1, pada ikan cere sejumlah 287, 67 ± 95,65 partikel ind-1 atau 212,28 ± 61,88 partikel gram-1. Sementara itu, pada air di Situ Mahoni sejumlah 437,67 ± 30,21 partikel L-1, pada sedimen sejumlah 36.237,04 ± 16.702,59 partikel kg-1, dan pada ikan cere sejumlah 275 ± 95,82 partikel ind-1 atau 654,28 ± 279,71 partikel gram-1. Hasil analisis Uji T Dua Sampel menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada sampel air, sedimen, dan ikan cere (partikel ind-1), tetapi terdapat perbedaan nyata pada ikan cere (partikel g-1) dari kedua situ. Fiber dan warna hitam merupakan bentuk dan warna mikroplastik yang mendominasi keseluruhan sampel.

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Microplastics have been ingested by various biota taxa. This study was aimed to analyze the abundance, shape, and color of microplastic found in water, sediment, and mosquitofish Gambusia affinis in Situ Kenanga and Situ Mahoni, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java. All samples were taken at 3 stations, namely inlet, midlet, and outlet. Water samples (20 L) were filtered using a 350 mesh plankton net, sediment samples (250 mL) were taken using an Ekman grab, mosquitofish were taken randomly using a dip net, and 20 individuals from each situ (total of 40 individuals). Fish samples were preserved in 70% alcohol and extracted using 10 mL of 1 M NaOH. Sediments were dried in an oven at 65°C and pulverized. All samples were dissolved with saturated NaCl. The solution (20 mL) was homogenized, then 1 mL of solution was taken to the Sedgewick Rafter Chamber and then observed under a light microscope. The results showed that the average total of microplastics in Situ Kenanga in water was 434,33 ± 23,51 L-1 particles, in sediments were 45.837,04 ± 36.305,97 kg-1 particles, and in fish were 287, 67 ± 95,65 ind-1 particles or 212,28 ± 61,88 gram-1 particles. Meanwhile, the average total of microplastics in Situ Mahoni in water were 437,67 ± 30,21 L-1 particles, in sediments were 36.237,04 ± 16.702,59 kg-1 particles, and in fish were 275 ± 95,82 ind-1 particles or 654,28 ± 279,71 gram-1 particles. The results of the Two Sample T-Test analysis showed that there was no difference in water, sediment, and mosquitofish (ind-1 particles) between the two situ, but there was a significant difference in mosquitofish (g-1 particles) from the two situ. Fiber and black were respectively the predominant shapes and colors of microplastics in all samples."

"Kawasan tambak Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat merupakan tempat budidaya perikanan yang telah dipengaruhi oleh berbagai aktivitas antropogenik di sekitarnya. Ikan mujair merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya di tambak Blanakan yang banyak dikonsumsi dan diperjualbelikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat seng (Zn) dan timbal (Pb) pada sedimen dan ikan mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus), serta mengetahui nilai Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) logam berat seng dan timbal pada ikan mujair di tambak Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada tiga stasiun dengan titik inlet, midlet, dan outlet. Sampel sedimen diambil sebanyak 500 gram pada setiap titik dari ketiga stasiun, sedangkan ikan mujair diambil sebanyak 5 individu dari setiap stasiun. Preparasi sampel dilakukan dengan cara sampel sedimen dikeringkan ke dalam oven, sedangkan ikan mujair dibedah untuk didapatkan sampel daging. Analisis kandungan logam berat seng menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), sedangkan logam timbal menggunakan metode Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Berdasarkan hasil analisis, kandungan logam berat seng pada sedimen berkisar 15,21 – 43,94 ppm, sedangkan logam timbal berkisar 5,04 – 7,88 ppm. Kandungan logam berat seng pada ikan mujair berkisar 3,33 – 8,21 ppm, sedangkan logam timbal tidak terdeteksi. Nilai BCF logam seng pada ikan mujair berkisar 0,132 – 0,311 (deconcentrator). Nilai BCF logam timbal pada ikan mujair tidak dapat ditentukan.

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The Blanakan ponds area, Subang, West Java, is a place for aquaculture where various anthropogenic activities have influenced the vicinity. Mozambique tilapia is one of the aquaculture commodities at Blanakan ponds, which is widely consumed and traded. This study aims to determine the content of heavy metals zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in sediments and mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), and to determine the value of the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of heavy metals zinc and lead in mozambique tilapia at Blanakan ponds, Subang, West Java. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method at three stations with inlet, midlet, and outlet points. Sediment samples were taken as much as 500 grams at each point from the three stations, while 5 individuals of mozambique tilapia were taken from each station. Sample preparation was carried out by drying the sediment samples in an oven, while the mozambique tilapia were dissected to obtain meat samples. Analysis of the heavy metal content of zinc used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method, while lead metal used the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method. Based on the analysis results, the heavy metal content of zinc in the sediment ranged from 15,21 – 43,94 ppm, while lead metal ranged from 5,04 – 7,88 ppm. The heavy metal content of zinc in mozambique tilapia ranged from 3,33 – 8,21 ppm, while lead metal was not detected. The BCF value of zinc metal in mozambique tilapia ranged from 0,132 – 0,311 (deconcentrator). The BCF value of lead metal in mozambique tilapia cannot be determined."