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"Mikroplastik merupakan potongan plastik kecil berukuran 1 μm hingga 5 mm bersifat bioavailable dan ubiquitous. Muara disebut sebagai titik panas mikroplastik karena saat mikroplastik dari sungai memasuki muara, gelombang, pasang surut, dan angin mampu memengaruhi lintasan dan kecepatan partikel masuk ke laut serta pengendapan mikroplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan komposisi bentuk, ukuran, serta jenis polimer mikroplastik yang terakumulasi pada air, sedimen, dan ikan bandeng Chanos chanos di muara Sungai Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di empat titik lokasi. Sampel air disaring menggunakan plankton net 300 μm, sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Van Veen Grab, dan sampel ikan diambil menggunakan bubu. Sampel air diekstraksi dengan larutan H2O2 30% serta FeSO4 0,05 M. Begitu pula dengan sampel sedimen yang sebelumnya telah disuspensi larutan NaCl. Sementara itu, jaringan dan organ daging, insang, dan saluran pencernaan dari 11 sampel ikan bandeng Chanos chanos diisolasi dan diekstraksi menggunakan larutan KOH. Sampel mikroplastik diamati di atas kertas Whatman cellulose nitrate dan dianalisis menggunakan mikroskop. Identifikasi mikroplastik dikelompokkan berdasarkan bentuk yaitu fiber, fragmen, film, pellet, dan foam, serta ukuran yaitu <300 μm, 300-500 μm, 500-1000 μm, dan >1000 μm. Identifikasi jenis polimer dilakukan dengan metode Raman spektrometeri. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air berkisar 526,67 - 946,67 partikel/m3, sedangkan sedimen berkisar 674,07 - 1074,07 partikel/kg dengan dominasi bentuk fiber baik di air maupun sedimen. Kelimpahan mikroplastik ikan bandeng Chanos chanos adalah 43,06 partikel/individu dengan urutan kelimpahan mikroplastik jaringan tertinggi yaitu insang, daging, dan saluran pencernaan. Jenis polimer mikroplastik yang terdeteksi adalah polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), dan poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara keberadaan mikroplastik pada air dan sedimen terhadap ikan bandeng Chanos chanos.

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Microplastics are small pieces of plastic range in size from 1 μm to 5 mm that are bioavailable and ubiquitous. Estuaries are known as "microplastic hot spots" due to the fact that when river microplastic enters an estuary, then waves, tides, and wind can change the direction and speed of the particles entering the sea and the deposition of microplastic. This study aims to analyze the abundance and composition of shape, size, and types of microplastic polymers that accumulate in water, sediment, and milkfish Chanos chanos in the estuary of Blanakan River, Subang, West Java. Sampling was carried out at four sampling points. Water samples were filtered using a 300 μm plankton net, sediment samples were taken using a Van Veen Grab, and fish samples with a trap. Water sample were extracted with 30% H2O2 solution and 0,05 M FeSO4. The same was applicable to sediment samples that had been previously suspended in NaCl solution. Meanwhile, tissues and organs of muscles, gills, and digestive tract from 11 samples of milkfish Chanos chanos were isolated and extracted using KOH solution. Microplastic samples were observed on Whatman cellulose nitrate paper and analyzed using a microscope. Microplastics are categorized according to form, namely fiber, fragment, pellet, film, foam, and size, namely <300 μm, 300-500 μm, 500-1000 μm, and > 1000 μm. The Raman spectrometry method was used to determine the type of polymer. In sediment samples, the amount of microplastics ranged from 674,07 to 1074,07 particles/kg, while the abundance in water samples ranged from 526,67 to 946,67 particles/m3. Fiber predominated in both water and sediment. The abundance of microplastics in milkfish Chanos chanos was 43,06 particles/individual with the biggest tissue microplastic abundance starting with the gills, meat, and digestive tract. The types of microplastic polymers detected were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The correlation test revealed that there was no relationship between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment for the milkfish Chanos chanos."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis kelimpahan dan jenis mikroplastik pada bandeng Chanos chanos, air, dan endapan tambak bandeng di Muara Kamal dan Marunda, Teluk Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel bandeng dilakukan dengan kriteria umur 5 sampai 6 tahun berusia bulan dengan jumlah sampel 6 ikan dari setiap lokasi. Air dan sedimen tadinya diambil dari 5 titik di kolam bandeng di setiap lokasi. Saluran pencernaan diekstraksi dari setiap bandeng dihancurkan dengan pereaksi asam nitrat yang kuat (HNO3 65%). air sampel disaring menggunakan plankton net dengan ukuran mesh 300 μm dan sedment sampel dikeringkan dalam oven. Solusi NaCl terkonsentrasi digunakan untuk mencapai flotasi mikroplastik pada setiap sampel disiapkan saluran pencernaan ikan bandeng, air yang disaring, dan sedimen kering. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mikroskop cahaya.Sampel ditempatkan di Sedgwick Rafter Chamber dan penghitungan mikroplastik dilakukan dilakukan untuk partikel dengan ukuran mulai dari 20 μm hingga 4 mm berdasarkan bentuk partikelnya serat, film, fragmen, dan granula. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk sampel dari Muara Kamal menunjukkan jumlah mikroplastik 3.005 ± 437,4 partikel ind-1 dalam ikan bandeng, 103,8 ± 20,7 partikel L-1 dalam air, dan 111.680 ± 13.204,2 partikel Kg-1 dalam sedimen. Mikroplastik Kelimpahan ditemukan lebih rendah dalam sampel dari Marunda dengan 2.090 ± 545 partikel ind-1 in bandeng, 90,7 ± 17,4 partikel L-1 dalam air, dan 82,480 ± 11,226,4 partikel Kg-1 dalam sedimen.

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This study analyzes the abundance and types of microplastics in Chanos chanos, water, and milkfish pond deposits in Muara Kamal and Marunda, Jakarta Bay. Sampling of milkfish is carried out with the criteria of age 5 to 6 years old with a sample of 6 fish from each location. Water and sediment were taken from 5 points in the milkfish pond at each location. The digestive tract is extracted from each milkfish destroyed by strong nitric acid reagents (65% HNO3). water. The sample was filtered using a plankton net with amesh size of 300 μm and the sample sedment was dried in an oven. The concentrated NaCl solution is used to achieve. Microplastic flotation in each sample was prepared by the digestive tract of milk fish, filtered water, and dry sediment. Observations were made with a light microscope. Samples were placed in the Sedgwick Rafter Chamber and microplastic calculations were carried out for particles ranging in size from 20 μm to 4 mm based on the particle shape of the fibers, films, fragments, and granules. The results obtained for samples from Muara Kamal showed the amount of microplastic 3.005 ± 437.4 particles ind-1 in milkfish, 103.8 ± 20.7 L-1 particles in water, and 111,680 ± 13,204.2 Kg-1 particles in sediments. Abundance microplastic was found lower in samples from Marunda with 2,090 ± 545 ind-1 particles in milkfish, 90.7 ± 17.4 L-1 particles in water, and 82,480 ± 11,226.4 Kg-1 particles in sediment."

"Plastik merupakan bahan stabilitas tinggi hasil polimerisasi monomer dengan tingkat penggunaan yang tinggi. Sampah plastik berbahaya bagi lingkungan karena partikel penyusunnya memiliki ketahanan dan kestabilan tinggi sehingga proses degradasinya berlangsung lama. Di lingkungan perairan, plastik akan mengalami degradasi atau penguraian menjadi partikel kecil yang disebut mikroplastik (<5 mm). Partikel mikroplastik berpotensi termakan oleh berbagai biota perairan sehingga membahayakan siklus rantai makanan melalui proses biomagnifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik mikroplastik (bentuk, ukuran, dan jenis polimer) pada air, sedimen dan ikan belanak Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) pada organ dan jaringan (daging, insang, saluran pencernaan) di Muara Sungai Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian ini diawali dengan pengambilan sampel dengan  air  diambil sebanyak 50 L lalu disaring menggunakan plankton net hingga tertampung volume air 1000 mL, sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Vanveen grab hingga tertampung pada jar 500 mL dan sampel ikan belanak diambil 10 ekor menggunakan bubu. Ekstraksi sampel sedimen dilakukan dengan pemberian larutan NaCl jenuh dengan perbandingan 1 (sedimen): 2 (NaCl jenuh), kemudian diberi larutan H2O2 30% + FeSO4 0,05 M  dengan perbandingan 1:1 untuk sampel air dan sedimen. Ekstraksi sampel ikan dilakukan dengan mengambil jaringan dan organ yang digunakan, ditimbang dan dan diberi larutan KOH 10% sebanyak 50 mL. Sampel air, sedimen dan ikan disaring menggunakan kertas saring Whatman dan diidentifikasi mikroplastik menggunakan mikroskop olympus CX22LED. Analisis polimer mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode Raman Spectroscopy. Uji statistik seperti uji kruskal-walis, one way anova, dan uji regresi spearman dan pearson digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata total kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air 710 ± 183,34  partikel meter-3, sedimen 879,63 ± 205,13 partikel Kg-1 dan ikan belanak 210,8 ± 108,80 partikel individu-1. Nilai kelimpahan mikroplastik ikan belanak jika diurutkan dari yang tertinggi hingga terkecil adalah daging, saluran pencernaan, dan insang. Secara keseluruhan, bentuk dan ukuran mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah fiber dan <300 µm. Polimer mikroplastik yang dominan adalah PET, PP, dan PVC. Berdasarkan hasil uji beda nyata kelimpahan mikroplastik antar organ dan jaringan ikan belanak menunjukan tidak memiliki perbedaannya yang signifikan. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukan adanya korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di air dan sedimen Muara Sungai Blanakan terhadap kelimpahan mikroplastik di ikan belanak.

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Plastik is a high-stability material resulting from the polymerization of monomers, with a high level of usage. In aquatic environments, plastic undergoes photo-oxidative degradation by UV radiation from the sun and chemical processes, leading to the breakdown of plastic waste into small particles known as microplastics (<5 mm). Microplastic particles have the potential to be ingested by various aquatic organisms, posing a risk to the food chain through biomagnification. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of microplastics in water, sediment, and the flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in different organs and tissues (muscle, gills, digestive tract) in the Blanakan River Estuary, Subang, West Java, based on their shape, size, and polymer types. Water samples were collected in a volume of 50 L, filtered using a plankton net to obtain a final volume of 1000 mL. Sediment samples were collected using a Vanveen grab and stored in 500 mL jars, while flathead grey mullet samples were collected using bubu (10 individuals). Sediment sample extraction was performed using a saturated NaCl solution with a ratio of 1 (sediment) to 2 (saturated NaCl solution), followed by the addition of a 30% H2O2 + 0.05 M FeSO4 solution in a 1:1 ratio for water and sediment samples. Fish sample extraction involved weighing and placing the tissues and organs in a glass beaker, followed by the addition of a 10% KOH solution in a volume of 50 mL. The water, sediment, and fish samples were then filtered using Whatman filter paper with the assistance of a vacuum pump, and placed in Petri dishes for microplastic identification using an Olympus CX22LED microscope. Polymer analysis of microplastics was performed using Raman Spectroscopy. Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests were used to determine significant differences in the abundance and composition of microplastics (size and shape) in water, sediment, flathead grey mullet, and their respective organs. Spearman and Pearson correlation tests were used to investigate the influence of water and sediment, as well as morphometric values, on microplastic accumulation in flathead grey mullet. The research findings showed an average total abundance of microplastics in water to be 710 ± 183,34 particles meter-3, in sediment to be 879,63 ± 205,13 particles kilogram-1, and in flathead grey mullet to be 210,8 ± 108,80 particles individual-1. When ranked in descending order, the abundance of microplastics in the three parts of the flathead grey mullet were as follows: flesh, digestive tract, and gills. Overall, the most commonly found forms and sizes of microplastics were microplastic fibers and those below 300 µm. The polymer analysis revealed that the microplastics found in the Blanakan River Estuary were dominated by PET (40%),  PP (40%), and PVC (20%). Based on the significant difference test for microplastic abundance among different parts of the flathead grey mullet, no significant differences were found. The Spearman correlation test indicated a correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment in the Blanakan River Estuary and the abundance of microplastics in flathead grey mullet."

"Plastik merupakan salah satu barang yang memiliki tingkat penggunaan yang tinggi hingga mencapai skala produksi sebesar 300 juta ton pertahun. Limbah plastik di perairan membutuhkan waktu hingga ratusan tahun untuk terdegradasi karena karakteristiknya yang kuat, tahan lama, dan tahan terhadap suhu tinggi. Proses degradasi limbah plastik di perairan disebabkan oleh sinar UV yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan bentuk dan ukuran menjadi lebih kecil (mikroplastik) atau tercampur di dalam air (< 5mm). Ukuran yang kecil menyebabkan mikroplastik dapat dengan mudah termakan oleh biota perairan, seperti ikan atau melalui mangsanya yang lebih kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi dan kelimpahan mikroplastik berdasarkan bentuk, ukuran, dan polimer pada air, sedimen, serta organ dan jaringan ikan kiper Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) di muara Sungai Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel air sebanyak 50 L lalu disaring menggunakan plankton net hingga mendapatkan 1 L sampel air, pengambilan sedimen dilakukan menggunakan Van Veen grab lalu dimasukkan ke dalam jar HDPE 500 ml, dan pengambilan sampel ikan sebanyak 10 individu dilakukan menggunakan alat tangkap bubu. Sampel air ditambahkan larutan H2O2 30% dan FeSO4 0,05 M masing-masing sebanyak 25 ml. Sampel sedimen dicampurkan larutan NaCl dengan perbandingan sebesar 1 : 2 dan didiamkan. H2O2 30% dan FeSO4 0,05 M ditambahkan hingga sampel terendam. Sampel ikan dibedah untuk diambil bagian insang, saluran pencernaan, dan daging. Setiap bagian dihancurkan menggunakan larutan KOH 10% dengan perbandingan 1 : 10 dan didiamkan. Sampel air, sedimen, dan ikan dipipet sebanyak 40 ml dan disaring menggunakan kertas saring cellulose nitrate dengan bantuan vacuum pump lalu kertas saring ditempatkan di cawan petri. Sampel air, sedimen, dan ikan kiper diamati pada kertas saring menggunakan mikroskop Olympus CX22 dan analisis polimer mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode Raman Spectroscopy. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji one way ANOVA, Kruskal wallis, dan Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air sebesar 710 partikel/m3, sedimen sebesar 879,63 partikel/kg, dan ikan sebesar 74,77 partikel/individu. Kelimpahan mikroplastik dari yang tertinggi hingga terkecil pada ikan kiper terdapat di daging, saluran pencernaan, dan insang. Komposisi mikroplastik paling dominan berupa bentuk fiber dan ukuran < 300 µm. Polimer yang ditemukan bertipe PET, PP, dan PVC. Uji Kruskal wallis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan secara nyata kelimpahan mikroplastik antar organ dan jaringan ikan. Uji Pearson menunjukkan adanya korelasi kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air dan sedimen terhadap kelimpahan mikroplastik di ikan.

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Plastic is one of the commodities with a high level of usage, reaching a production scale of 300 million tons per year. Plastic waste in water takes hundreds of years to degrade due to its strong, durable, and heat-resistant characteristics. The degradation process of plastic waste in water is caused by UV radiation, which leads to changes in shape and size, resulting in smaller particles (microplastics) or mixing with water (< 5mm). The small size of microplastics makes them easily ingestible by aquatic organisms, such as fish, or through their prey, which are smaller in size. This research aims to analyze the composition and abundance of microplastics based on their form, size, and polymer in water, sediments, as well as the organs and tissues of the Scatophagus argus(Linnaeus, 1766) fish in the estuary of the Blanakan River, Subang, West Java. The research method involved collecting 50 liters of water samples, which were then filtered using a plankton net to obtain a 1-liter water sample. Sediment samples were collected using a Van Veen grab and placed in a 500 ml HDPE jar, while fish samples were collected using a fish trap, with a total of 10 individuals. The water sample was treated with 25 ml of 30% H2O2 and 0.05 M FeSO4 solutions. The sample was mixed with a NaCl solution in a ratio of 1:2 and left to settle. H2O2 (30%) and FeSO4 (0.05 M) were added until the sample was fully submerged. The samples were dissected to obtain gill, digestive tract, and muscle tissue. Each part was crushed using a 10% KOH solution in a 1:10 ratio and left to settle. Water, sediment, and fish samples were pipetted (40 ml) and filtered using cellulose nitrate filter paper with the assistance of a vacuum pump, and the filter papers were placed in Petri dishes. The water, sediment, and fish samples were observed on the filter paper using an Olympus CX22 microscope, and the analysis of microplastic polymers was conducted using Raman Spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson tests. The results of the study showed that the average abundance of microplastics in water samples was 710 particles/m3, in sediments it was 879.63 particles/kg, and in fish it was 74.77 particles/individual. The highest abundance of microplastics in the kiper fish was found in the muscle tissue, followed by the digestive tract and gills. The dominant composition of microplastics was in the form of fibers and with a size of < 300 µm. The polymers found were PET, PP, and PVC. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant difference in microplastic abundance among the organs and tissues of fish. The Pearson test showed a correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediments with the abundance of microplastics in fish."

"Muara Sungai Blanakan yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat merupakan wilayah pesisir yang tinggi aktivitas perikanan tangkap dan tambak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan mikroplastik di air, sedimen, dan ikan kuro (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) serta mengkaji komposisinya. Sampel air dan sedimen diambil dari 4 titik di sekitar muara bersama 12 individu ikan kuro. Sampel air dan sedimen diekstraksi menggunakan reagen Fenton. Sementara insang, saluran pencernaan dan daging yang dibedah pada tiap individu didestruksi dengan KOH 10%. Seluruh larutan sampel yang telah di destruksi disaring menggunakan vacuum pump dengan kertas saring Whatman cellulose nitrate membrane ukuran pori 0,45 μm. Identifikasi mikroplastik dilakukan dengan pengamatan melalui mikroskop untuk perhitungan kelimpahan serta komposisi mikroplastik yang dikategorikan berdasarkan bentuk, ukuran, dan warna. Sementara jenis polimer dianalisis menggunakan Raman microscopes spectrometer. Penelitian ini menunjukkan mikroplastik ditemukan pada seluruh sampel dan lokasi penelitian dengan kelimpahan yang berbeda. Rata-rata kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air didapatkan 710 ± 183,34 partikel/m3 dan pada sedimen 879,63 ± 205,14 partikel/kg. Sementara pada organ dan jaringan ikan berturut-turut dari kelimpahan terbesar diperoleh 16,64 ± 9,09 partikel/gr pada saluran pencernaan, 11,95 ± 5,33 partikel/gr pada insang, dan 3,55 ± 0,81 partikel/gr pada daging. Secara keseluruhan, komposisi mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini merupakan bentuk fiber, fragmen, film, dan pellet, dengan tidak ditemukannya bentuk foam. Ukuran mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan pada air, sedimen, dan jaringan daging ikan merupakan <300 μm. Sementara pada insang dan saluran pencernaan, ukuran >1000 μm paling banyak ditemukan. Warna biru pada studi ini menjadi warna mikroplastik yang paling mendominasi. Polimer mikroplastik yang ditemukan merupakan polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), dan polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak adanya korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di air maupun sedimen terhadap akumulasi mikroplastik pada ikan kuro.

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Blanakan River estuary in Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia is a coastal area with a high fishing and ponds activities. This study aims to examined the abundance and composition of microplastic contamination in water, sediment, and fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum). Water and sediment samples were obtained at 4 various location around the estuary with 12 individual fourfinger threadfin fish. Water and sediment samples were extracted using Fenton's reagent. The dissected gills, digestive tracts and muscles were destroyed with 10% KOH. All digested sample solution are filtered using a vacuum pump and Whatman cellulose nitrate membrane filter paper with a 0.45 μm pore size. Identification of microplastics was carried out by microscope observation to calculate the abundance and composition of microplastics which were categorized based on shape, size and color. While the type of polymer was analyzed using a Raman microscopes spectrometer. This study demonstated that microplastics were found at all samples and research locations with different abundances. The average abundance of microplastics in water was 710 ± 183.34 particles/m3 and in the sediment sample was 879.63 ± 205.14 particles/kg. While in fish, the highest abundance was found in the digestive tract at 16.64 ± 9.09 particles/gr, followed gills at 11.95 ± 5.33 particles/gr, and muscle at 3.55 ± 0.81 particles/gr. Overall, the composition of microplastics form consisted of fiber, fragments, films, and pellets; foam was absent in this study. The most frequent size of microplastic found in water, sediment, and fish tissue is <300 μm. While sizes greater than 1000 μm are most frequently observed in the gills and digestive tract. In this study, blue is the predominant microplastic color. Microplastic polymers detected were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The correlation test showed that there was no correlation between the abundance of microplastics in water and sediment with the accumulation of microplastics in fourfinger threadfin fish."

"Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juni 2015 di Desa Blanakan, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat dan di Laboratorium Kimia, Universitas Indonesia dan bertujuan : Untuk mengetahui kandungan Kadmium (Cd) dan Kromium (Cr) pada Ikan Bandeng dan Sedimen di Pertambakan Bermangrove. Sampel berupa ikan bandeng dan sedimen diambil dari pertambakan bermangrove yang dibagi ke dalam enam stasiun. Masing-masing stasiun diteliti kandungan logam berat Kadmium (Cd) dan Kromium (Cr) di ikan bandeng dan Sedimen. Kandungan logam Cr yang ditemukan di ikan bandeng memenuhi kisaran 0.03-0.029 mg/kg. Ambang batas logam Cr di biota menurut Keputusaan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup tahun 2001 sebesar 0.005 ppm, artinya seluruh stasiun telah melampaui ambang batas. Untuk kandungan logam Cr di sedimen di kisaran 0.021-0.636 mg/kg. ambang batas logam Cr di sedimen menurut Swedish Enviromental Protection Agency (<40 mg/kg), mengacu pada standard tersebut maka logam Cr di sedimen belum melebihi ambang batas.

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The research was conducted in June 2015 Blanakan Village, Subang, West Java and Chemistry Laboratory, University of Indonesia and aims: To determine the content of Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) in the Milkfish and Sediment in aquaculture. Samples of fish and sediment taken from aquaculture divided into six stations. Each station studied heavy metal content of Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) in fish and sediments. Cr metal content found in fish meet the range of 0.03-0.029 mg/kg. Cr threshold in biota desperation by the Minister of Environment in 2001 amounted to 0.005 ppm, meaning the whole station has exceeded the threshold. Cr for the metal content in the sediment in the range of 0.021-0.636 mg/kg. Threshold of Cr in sediments according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (< 40 mg/kg), refers to these standards, the Cr in sediments has not exceeded the threshold."

"Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juli 2015 di Rumah Akuakultur Laboratorium Biologi Kelautan, FMIPA UI dan bertujuan : (1) Mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan persentase Sargassum sp. pada komposisi pakan buatan terhadap pertambahan biomassa, panjang dan kelangsungan hidup ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) dalam akuaponik air laut. (2) Mengetahui pertambahan biomassa Gracilaria sp. dalam akuaponik air laut. Ikan bandeng yang diteliti berukuran 3,57-4,13 cm dengan kepadatan 20 ekor/bak dan Gracilaria sp. yang ditanam memiliki biomassa 30 gram/bak. Penelitian ini berlangsung 60 hari dengan 3 perlakuan berbeda, yaitu : perlakuan pakan komposisi (0% Sargassum sp., 6% Sargassum sp. dan 12% Sargassum sp.). Setiap perlakuan dilakukan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh perbedaan persentase Sargassum sp. dalam pakan buatan. Komposisi 12% Sargassum sp. yang paling berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan biomassa dan panjang ikan bandeng, sedangkan untuk kelangsungan hidup ikan bandeng tidak berpengaruh. Pertambahan biomassa Gracilaria sp. paling berpengaruh terjadi di bak kultur yang perairannya bersumber dari sisa konsentrasi pakan komposisi 12% Sargassum sp. dalam sistem akuaponik air laut.

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This research was conducted in April to July, 2015 in Aquaculture House of Marine Biology Laboratory of FMIPA, UI. The aims of this research are : (1) Discover the impact of different Sargassum sp. percentage in artificial feed composition to biomass growth, length, and survival of milkfish. (2) Discover biomass growth of Gracilaria sp. in Marine Aquaponic. The objects of this research are 3,57-4,13 cm of milkfish (Chanos chanos) which are placed in a pond (each pond consists of 20 milkfish) and Gracilaria sp. whose biomass is 30 gram/in each pond. This research was conducted in 60 days, by giving 3 different feed compositions to the fish 3 times (0% Sargassum sp., 6% Sargassum sp. and 12% Sargassum sp.). This research found the impact of different Sargassum sp. percentage in artificial feed. 12% composition of Sargassum sp. shows the best impact to the growth of biomass and milkfish length. However, it does not show any impact to the survival of milkfish. The Gracilaria sp. biomass growth is most visible in culture pond. The water of the pond sourced from the concentrate of 12% feed composition of Sargassum sp. in marine aquaponic system."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2016 dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kelimpahan plankton dan kualitas air dengan pertambahan berat badan ikan bandeng. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di pertambakan Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat. Hasil perhitungan indeks elektivitas menunjukkan bahwa jenis makanan yang disukai ikan bandeng berupa fitoplankton yaitu Melosira, Pleurosigma dan Oscillatoria, sedangkan untuk jenis fitoplankton yang tidak terlalu disukai ikan bandeng yaitu Navicula, Skeletonema dan Nitzchia. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi antara kualitas air dengan pertambahan berat badan, diketahui bahwa dari kualitas air yang terukur hanya suhu yang memberi pengaruh yang signifikan pertambahan berat badan ikan bandeng.

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This research was done from August to December 2016 and aimed to determine the relationship between the abundance of plankton and water quality with weight gain of milkfish. Sampling was carried out at Blanakan, Subang, West Java. Electivity index calculation results showed that type of plankton favored by fish were Melosira, Pleurosigma and Oscillatoria, while for the ones that is less preferred are Navicula, Skeletonema and Nitzchia. Based on correlation analysis between water quality with weight gain, it was known that only temperature that gave a significant influence on weight gain."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya polusi plastik yang menyebabkan pencemaran mikroplastik di perairan air tawar. Situ Rawa Besar, Depok merupakan salah satu situ yang tercemar oleh mikroplastik akibat aktivitas manusia di sekitarnya. Mikroplastik dapat berdampak negatif bagi organisme akuatik seperti ikan sapu-sapu Pterygoplichthys pardalis yang merupakan spesies invasif dan bioindikator pencemaran mikroplastik di situ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar serta menguji perbedaan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tahun 2022 dengan 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang, dan saluran pencernaan sapu-sapu di Situ Rawa Besar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga stasiun. Parameter fisika-kimia air seperti suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, dan kecerahan air diukur secara in situ. Sampel air 20 L disaring menggunakan plankton net dan sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Ekman grab dan dikeringkan dengan oven, lalu ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Sampel ikan sapu-sapu diambil sebanyak 15 ekor dengan menggunakan jaring ikan. Sampel insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan dipisahkan dengan menggunakan dissecting set dan dilarutkan dengan HNO3 kemudian ditambahkan larutan NaCl jenuh. Perhitungan partikel mikroplastik dilakukan di bawah mikroskop dan sampel diletakkan pada Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. Mikroplastik dianalisis kelimpahannya dan diklasifikasikan menurut bentuknya (pellet, fiber, film, dan fragmen) serta dihitung persentase komposisi mikroplastik dalam sampel. Hasil penelitian pada tahun 2022 menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik berkisar antara 12,67 – 20,33 partikel L-1 pada air, 14.400,00-38.400,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 250,67-386,67 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 313,33-369,33 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Kelimpahan mikroplastik tersebut lebih rendah dari kelimpahannya pada tahun 2023, yaitu berkisar antara 14,67-32,00 partikel L-1 pada air, 16.533,33-41.600,00 partikel kg-1 pada sedimen, 333,33-446,67 partikel ind-1 pada insang, dan 429,33-502,67 partikel ind-1 pada saluran pencernaan. Bentuk mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah fiber pada air dan ikan sapu-sapu, fragmen pada sedimen. Warna mikroplastik yang paling dominan adalah biru pada air dan sedimen, hitam pada insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada tahun 2023 lebih tinggi dibandingkan tahun 2022, dengan peningkatan sebesar 15,24% pada insang, 24,25% pada saluran pencernaan, 27,91% pada air, dan 7,12% pada sedimen. Penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah mikroplastik di Situ Rawa Besar seiring berjalannya waktu yang didukung oleh beberapa faktor seperti peningkatan populasi, peningkatan sampah plastik, aktivitas antropogenik, dan curah hujan.

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This research was motivated by the increasing plastic pollution that causes microplastic contamination in freshwater bodies. Situ Rawa Besar, Depok is one of the lakes that is polluted by microplastics due to human activities around it. Microplastics can have negative impacts on aquatic organisms such as Amazon Sailfin Catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis which is an invasive species and a bioindicator of microplastic pollution in the lake. This research aims to analyze the abundance, shape and color of microplastics in water, sediment, gills and digestive tract of sailfin catfish in Situ Rawa Besar and to test the difference in microplastic abundance between 2022 and 2023. This research uses descriptive quantitative method to analyze the abundance, shape and color of microplastics in water, sediment, gills, and digestive tract of sailfin catfish in Situ Rawa Besar. Sampling was done at three stations. Physico-chemical parameters of water such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity were measured in situ. Water samples of 20 L were filtered using plankton net and sediment samples were taken using Ekman grab and dried with oven, then added with saturated NaCl solution. Sailfin catfish samples were taken as many as 15 individuals using fish net. Gill and digestive tract samples were separated using dissecting set and dissolved with HNO3 then added with saturated NaCl solution. Microplastic particle counting was done under microscope and samples were placed on Sedgwick Rafter Chamber. Microplastics were analyzed for their abundance and classified according to their shape (pellet, fiber, film, and fragment) and the percentage composition of microplastics in the sample was calculated. The results of the research in 2022 showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 12.67-20.33 particles L-1 in water, 14,400.00-38,400.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 250.67-386.67 particles ind-1 in gills, and 313.33-369.33 particles ind-1 in digestive tract. The abundance of microplastics was lower than its abundance in 2023, which ranged from 14.67-32.00 particles L-1 in water, 16,533.33-41,600.00 particles kg-1 in sediment, 333.33-446.67 particles ind-1 in gills, and 429.33-502.67 particles ind-1 in digestive tract. The most dominant shape of microplastics was fiber in water and sailfin catfish, fragment in sediment and digestive tract of sailfin catfish. The most dominant color of microplastics was blue in water and sediment, black in gills and digestive tract of sailfin catfish. The abundance of microplastics increased from 2022 to 2023, with an increase of 15.24% in gills, 24.25% in digestive tract, 27.91% in water, and 7.12% in sediment. This research shows an increase in the number of microplastics in Situ Rawa Besar over time supported by several factors such as population growth, increased plastic waste, anthropogenic activities, and rainfall."

"Keberadaan mikroplastik di perairan dapat mengancam biota di dalamnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis kelimpahan, bentuk, dan warna mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, insang dan saluran pencernaan ikan sapu-sapu Pterygoplichthys pardalis dari Situ Kenanga dan Situ Mahoni, Kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan pada inlet, midlet, dan outlet kedua situ. Sampel air disaring menggunakan plankton net, sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan Ekman grab kemudian dikeringkan menggunakan oven, sampel P. pardalis sebanyak 15 individu diambil menggunakan cast net dari masing-masing situ, kemudian insang dan saluran pencernaannya diisolasi dan didestruksi menggunakan HNO3 65%. Tiap sampel yang diperoleh dilarutkan dengan larutan NaCl jenuh agar terjadi flotasi. Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan Sedgwick Rafter Chamber untuk meletakkan sampel, dengan mengamati bentuk, warna, dan jumlah partikel mikroplastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk fiber, film, fragmen, granula, serta warna transparan, hitam, biru, dan merah muda ditemukan pada semua sampel. Kelimpahan mikroplastik di Situ Kenanga pada air sebanyak 48,26 ± 23,51 partikel L-1, sedimen 45837,04 ± 36305,97 partikel Kg-1, insang 290,48 ± 154,58 partikel g-1 atau 1156,44 ± 378,69 partikel ind-1, saluran pencernaan 134,37 ± 55,72 partikel g-1 atau 1364,89 ± 339,54 partikel ind-1. Kelimpahan mikroplastik di Situ Mahoni pada air sebanyak 48,63 ± 30,21 partikel L-1, sedimen 36237,04 ± 16702,60 partikel Kg-1, insang 287,23 ± 109,40 partikel g-1 atau 1153,78 ± 324,32 partikel ind-1, saluran pencernaan 123,77 ± 34,35 partikel g-1 atau 1304,44 ± 270,90 partikel ind-1. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelimpahan mikroplastik di Situ Kenanga dan Situ Mahoni pada semua sampel.

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The presence of microplastics in the water could threaten the biota there. This study was conducted to analyze the abundance, shapes, and colors of microplastics in water, sediment, gills and digestive tract of amazon sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis from Situ Kenanga and Situ Mahoni, Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok. Sampling of water and sediment were carried out at the inlet, midlet, and outlet of both situ. Water samples were filtered using plankton net, sediment samples were taken using Ekman grab and dried using an oven, as many as 15 individual P. pardalis samples were taken using cast net from each situ, then their gills and digestive tract were isolated and pulverized using 65% HNO3. Each sample obtained was dissolved with saturated NaCl solution for flotation to occur. Observations were made using a light microscope and Sedgwick Rafter Chamber to place each sample, by observing the shape, color, and number of microplastic particles. The results showed that the shapes of fibers, films, fragments, granules, as well as transparent, black, blue, and pink colors were found in all samples. The abundance of microplastics in Situ Kenanga water was 48.26 ± 23.51 particles L-1, sediment 45837.04 ± 36305.97 particles Kg-1, gills 290.48 ± 154.58 particles g-1 or 1156, 44 ± 378.69 ind-1 particles, digestive tract 134.37 ± 55.72 particles g-1 or 1364.89 ± 339.54 ind-1 particles. The abundance of microplastics in Situ Mahoni water was 48.63 ± 30.21 particles L-1, sediment 36237.04 ± 16702.60 particles Kg-1, gills 287.23 ± 109.40 particles g-1 or 1153, 78 ± 324.32 ind-1 particles, digestive tract 123.77 ± 34.35 particles g-1 or 1304.44 ± 270.90 ind-1 particles. There was no significant difference between the abundance of microplastics in Situ Kenanga and Situ Mahoni in all samples."