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"Mikroalga epifit merupakan kelompok mikroalga yang berinteraksi dan tumbuh menempel pada permukaan substrat. Salah satu substrat bagi mikroalga epifit adalah makroalga Padina. Keberadaan mikroalga epifit dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti kandungan oksigen terlarut (DO) dan nutrien. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas mikroalga mikroalga epifit pada genus Padina dan kondisi perairan di Teluk Hurun melalui proses identifikasi jenis, analisis kelimpahan, kekayaan, keanekaragaman, kemerataan, serta dominansi mikroalga epifit. Penelitian dilakukan pada lima substasiun dengan dua kali pengambilan sampel di setiap substasiun menggunakan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan keberadaan Padina. Selanjutnya, sampel mikroalga epifit diamati menggunakan metode subsampel di bawah mikroskop. Hasil identifikasi dan penghitungan jumlah sel mikroalga diperoleh 14 genus mikroalga epifit dari kelas Bacillariophyceae. Kelimpahan mikroalga berkisar 500—85.000 sel/mL dan kelimpahan genus tertinggi terdapat pada Nitzschia. Mikroalga epifit pada Padina di Teluk Hurun memiliki keanekaragaman yang sedang (2,51) dan kemerataan yang tergolong tinggi (0,9).

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Epiphytic microalgae are a group of microalgae that interact and grow attached to the surface of substrate. One of the substrates for epiphytic microalgae is Padina. The existence of epiphytic microalgae is influenced by environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrient content. This study aimed to determine the community structure of epiphytic microalgae in the Padina and the condition of the waters in Hurun Bay through a process of species identification, analysis of abundance, richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance of epiphytic microalgae. The study was conducted at five substations with two samplings at each substation using a purposive sampling method based on the presence of Padina. Meanwhile, epiphytic microalgae samples were observed using the subsample method under a microscope. The results of identifying and counting the number of microalgae cells obtained 14 genera of epiphytic microalgae from the class Bacillariophyceae. The abundance of microalgae ranges from 500—85,000 cells/mL and the highest abundance of the genus is found in Nitzschia. Epiphytic microalgae in Padina has moderate diversity (2,51) and high evenness (0,9)."

"Penelitian mengenai kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman mikroalga epifit pada Halimeda di Teluk Hurun, Lampung telah dilakukan pada bulan September 2022. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman dan mengetahui kelimpahan jenis mikroalga epifit pada Halimeda di Teluk Hurun, Lampung. Mikroalga epifit diambil dari 10 titik sampling, penghitungan jumlah sel dan identifikasi mikroalga epifit dilakukan dengan metode subsampel di bawah mikroskop. Sepuluh (10) genus mikroalga epifit berasal dari dua kelas, yaitu Bacillariophyceae dan Cyanophyceae. Sepuluh genus tersebut meliputi Synedra, Nitzschia, Cocconeis, Licmophora, Amphipleura, Amphora, Diploneis, Aulacoseira, Cymbella, dan Trichodesmium. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kelimpahan total mikroalga epifit pada Halimeda berkisar antara 12000-39164 sel/mL.

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Research on the abundance and diversity of epiphytic microalgae on Halimeda in Hurun Bay, Lampung has been carried out in September 2022. The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the diversity and abundance of epiphytic microalgae in Halimeda at Hurun Bay, Lampung. Epiphytic microalgae were sampled from 10 sampling points. Cell counting was carried out using the subsample method. Identification of epiphytic microalgae was based on morphological character using a light microscope. The result of study showed that epiphytic microalgae found at Hurun Bay belonged to two classes, namely Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Genera were identified, which were Synedra, Nitzschia, Cocconeis, Licmophora, Amphipleura, Amphora, Diploneis, Aulacoseira, Cymbella, and Trichodesmium. The total abundance of epiphytic microalgae in Halimeda ranged from 12000-39164 cells/mL."

"Penelitian mengenai keragaman mikroalga epifitik di Ciliwung wilayah perbatasan Depok sampai Jakarta Selatan telah dilakukan pada bulan Agustus hingga Desember tahun 2017. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keragaman epifitik pada setiap lokasi penelitian dan hubungan dengan parameter lingkungan di setiap lokasi penelitian. Sampel diambil secara purpose random sampling agar dapat mempresentasikan hasil penelitian.Hasil identifikasi sampel diperoleh 28 jenis mikroalga epifitik dengan 5 divisi terdiri atas divisi Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Rhodophyta dan Euglenophyta. Frekuensi kehadiran mikroalga epifitik berkisar antara 163-606 jenis mikroalga. Frekuensi kehadiran jenis mikroalga tertinggi pada lokasi pertama yaitu Jembatan Panus dibandingkan dua lokasi lain, sedangkan frekuensi kehadiran jenis mikroalga terkecil di lokasi 3 yaitu TB. Simatupang.

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Research on analysis The diversity of Epiphytic microlagae in Ciliwung of border Depok until Jakarta Selatan was conducted on Agustus and December 2017. The aims of this study was to describe the uniformity of epiphytic miroalgae from research site and the relationship of environmental parameters at each research sites. Samples were taken purposive random sampling.

The indentification result of sample obtained 28 spesies, 5 division consist of divisions of Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Rhodophyta and Euglenophyta.The presence frequency of epiphytic microalgae ranges from 163 to 606 cells. The highest frequency of presence of microalgae type in the first location is Panus Bridge compared to two other locations, while the smallest type of microalgae presence at location 3 is TB. Simatupang."

"Penelitian mengenai adaptasi anatomi daun dan karakter rizom pada lima spesies paku epifit famili Polypodiaceae di beberapa wilayah Universitas Indonesia telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi adaptasi pada paku epifit terhadap lingkungan kering. Spesies yang digunakan adalah Pyrrosia piloselloides, Pyrrosia lanceolata, Platycerium bifurcatum, Drynaria sparsisora, dan Phymatosorus scolopendria. Masing-masing spesies diamati bentuk epidermis, bentuk stomata, posisi stomata, bentuk trikom sebagai data kualitatif. Ketebalan kutikula, ketebalan epidermis, ketebalan mesofil, ketebalan daun, luas berkas pembuluh angkut, luas stomata serta kerapatan stomata, luas permukaan melintang rizom, dan kapasitas kandungan air sebagai data kuantitatif. Daun pada lima spesies disayat dengan metode sayatan segar. Rizom dipotong secara melintang, difoto, kemudian diukur dengan aplikasi ImageJ. Berat turgid dan berat kering daun diukur untuk mendapatkan kapasitas kandungan air daun. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan adaptasi anatomi dan karakter rizom. Spesies Pyrrosia piloselloides dan P. lanceolata memiliki anatomi daun yang menyerupai daun tumbuhan succulent dengan memiliki kapasitas kandungan air yang tinggi yaitu, 0,149 dan 0,133. Drynaria sparsisora memiliki anatomi ketebalan daun yang tipis 2,6 x 102 μm, kerapatan stomata yang tinggi 51,33/mm2, serta rizom yang luas dengan nilai rerata 3,43 x 102 mm2. Platycerium bifurcatum memiliki anatomi daun relatif tebal dengan nilai rerata 1,23 x 103 μm, dan pembuluh angkut primer reliatif sempit dengan nilai rerata 2,63 x 104 μm. Phymatosorus scolopendria memiliki luas stomata besar 1,97 x 103 μm2 dan rizom relatif tebal.

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The research regarding anatomical adaptation of leaf and rhizome charactristics of five epiphytic fern species of Polypodiaceae family in several areas of Universitas Indonesia has been carried out. This research was aimed to knowing epiphytic ferns strategies against dry environment. Five species used in these research are Pyrrosia piloselloides, Pyrrosia lanceolata, Platycerium bifurcatum, Drynaria sparsisora,dan Phymatosorus scolopendria. The epidermal shape, stomatal shape, and type of trichome was observed as the qualitative data. Quantitative data includes cuticle thickness, epidermal thickness, mesophyll thickness, leaf thickness, vascular bundle area, stomatal area, stomatal frequency, and rhizome surface area. The leaves of five species was cut using fresh slice method. Rhizome was cut in cross section and photographed. Visual measurements of leaf and rhizome were measured using Image J. Turgid and dry weight of leaf was collected to measure leaf water capacity. The results show there were differences in the anatomical adaptation and rhizome character. In the species Pyrrosia piloselloides and P. lanceolata have leaf anatomy that resembles the leaves of succulent plants with higher leaf water capacity, 0.149 dan 0.133. Drynaria sparsisora has a thin leaf anatomy with mean value of 2.6 x 102 μm, high stomata density with mean value of 51.33/mm2 and broad rhizome with mean value of 3.43 x 102 mm2. Platycerium bifurcatum has a relatively thick leaf anatomy with mean value of 1.23 x 103 μm, and a narrow primary vascular bundle with mean value of 2.63 x 104 μm. Phymatosorus scolopendria has a large stomata area mean value of 1.97 x 103 μm2 and rhizomes is relatively thick."

"Penelitian keanekaragaman lumut telah dilakukan di Hutan Kota Srengseng Sawah (di dalam hutan kota) dan area Jln. Moh. Kahfi II (di luar hutan kota). Hutan Kota Srengseng Sawah merupakan area dengan tutupan vegetasi yang rapat dengan tingkat aktivitas manusia yang sangat terbatas. Sementara, Jln. Moh. Kahfi II merupakan area jalan raya dengan tingkat gangguan manusia tinggi dan lalu lintas yang padat. Perbedaan kondisi lingkungan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi keberadaan dan keanekaragaman lumut epifit yang sensitif terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan keanekaragaman lumut epifit di dalam dan di luar hutan, serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor lingkungan terhadap keanekaragaman lumut epifit di kedua lokasi tersebut. Di gunakan 3 petak berukuran 20 x 20 m yang tersebar di dalam hutan, sementara di luar hutan digunakan petak berukuran 4 x 50 m. Pada masing-masing petak akan dipilih 5 individu pohon sebagai pohon inang. Pengkuran tutupan lumut epifit pada setiap pangkal sampel pohon inang menggunakan subplot berukuran 10 x 10 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, terdapat 15 spesies lumut epifit yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian dengan perolehan lumut epifit di dalam hutan sebanyak 11 spesies dan di luar hutan sebanyak 8 spesies. Nilai indeks kesamaan sorensen sebesar 0,42 menunjukkan kesamaan spesies pada kedua lokasi cenderung rendah. Keanekaragaman spesies lumut epifit pada kedua lokasi berada pada kisaran rendah sampai sedang. Calymperes tenerum merupakan spesies dominan yang dibuktikan dengan indeks kepentingan yang tinggi. Berdasarkan frekuensi kehadiran, Calymperes tenerum cenderung memilih pohon saga dan tanjung sebagai preferensi inang. 

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Research on moss diversity has been carried out in the Srengseng Sawah Urban Forest (inside the urban forest) and the Jln. Moh. Kahfi II (outside the urban forest). Srengseng Sawah Urban Forest is an area with dense vegetation cover with very limited levels of human activity. Meanwhile, Jln. Moh. Kahfi II is a highway area with high level of human disturbance and heavy traffic. These differences in environmental condition can influence the excistance and diversity of epiphytic bryophyte, which are sensitive to environmental changes. This research aims to determine the influence of environmental factors on the diversity of epiphytiv bryophyte in these two location, Three plots measuring 20 x 20 m were used wich were spread inside the forest, while outside the forest, plot measuring 4 x50 m were used. In each plot, five individuals trees will be selected as host trees. Measurement of epiphytic bryophyte cover at base of each host tree sample using a subplot measuring 10 x10 cm. The results of the research showed that there were 15 epiphytic bryophyte found in the forest and 8 species outside the forest. The Sorenseng Similarity Index value of 0,42 indicates that the similarity of species at the two locations tends to be low. The diversity of epiphytic bryophyte species at both locations was in the low to moderate range. Calymperes tenerum is dominant species, as proven by a high important index. Based on the frequency of presence, Calymperes tenerum tends to choose saga and tanjung trees as host preference. "

"Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) merupakan area hijau yang menjadi tempat berlindung lumut pada cuaca panas dan kering di wilayah urban. Spesies lumut yang mampu menoleransi kekeringan akan memiliki tutupan lumut yang besar dan melimpah pada suhu udara tinggi dan kelembapan udara rendah. Lumut epifit dapat menjadi bioindikator karena lumut sensitif terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Kelimpahan suatu spesies lumut epifit dapat menunjukkan lingkungan yang ekstrim di suatu area. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kelimpahan lumut epifit serta mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan dan inang pohon dengan kelimpahan lumut epifit di Hutan Kota Srengseng Sawah dan tepi Jalan Moch. Kahfi II. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengoleksi sampel lumut epifit pada pohon inang yang dipilih secara random dengan ketentuan DBH batang pohon >20 cm. penelitian dilakukan pada 3 plot di dalam hutan kota dan 3 plot di tepi jalan luar hutan kota. Hasil analisis data rata-rata tutupan lumut epifit di dalam hutan lebih besar 43,32 ± 31,69% daripada di luar hutan 39,63 ± 29,44%, namun tidak beda signifikan (p = 0,566). Berdasarkan divisinya, rata-rata tutupan lumut sejati di dalam hutan sebesar 35,71 ± 27,81% dan lumut hati sebesar 47,96 ± 33,57%. Sedangkan di luar hutan, rata-rata tutupan lumut sejati sebesar 41,85 ± 29,11% dan lumut hati sebesar 26,56 ± 29,56%. Lumut melimpah pada pohon jati belanda, tipe kulit scaly-smooth, DBH batang pohon 37,9–58,7, rentang nilai pH 4,96–5,92, dan tutupan kanopi sebesar 33–56%. Rata-rata tutupan lumut tinggi pada ketinggian 0–100 dan arah utara di dalam hutan. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Spearman, hasil data kelimpahan lumut tidak berkorelasi antara parameter abiotik yaitu suhu, kelembapan, dan intensitas cahaya dengan tutupan lumut di hutan kota dan tepi jalan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah persentase tutupan lumut dapat menjadi indikator parameter kelembapan udara di wilayah urban.

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Green Open Space (GOS) became an area for epiphytic bryophyte to refuge from hot and dry weather in urban district. Bryophyte species that can tolerate desiccation will have large and abundant bryophyte cover at high air temperature and low humidity percentage. Epiphytic bryophyte known to be used as bioindicator because it’s sensitivity to environmental changes. The abundance of some epiphytic species may indicate that they are present in the harsh environment of the area. This study aimed to see the significant difference of epiphytic bryophyte abundance and also the relationship between the abundance of epiphytic bryophyte with environmental factors and tree hosts in Srengseng Sawah City Forest and Moch. Kahfi II Roadside. This research collected epiphytic bryophyte sampels on random host trees with DBH >20 cm. The research carried out in 3 plots inside and 3 plots outside of city forest. The abundance of epiphytic bryophyte cover and its relations with environmental parameters were analysed. Data results state that the mean cover of bryophyte in the forest is greater 43,32 ± 31,69% than outside the forest 39,63 ± 29,44%, but not significantly different (p = 0,566). Based on division, the average moss (Bryophyte) cover in the forest is 35,71 ± 27,81% and liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are 47,96 ± 33,57%. Meanwhile, the average moss cover outside forest 41,85 ± 29,11% and liverworts are 26,56 ± 29,56%. Moss is abundant on Guazuma ulmifolia trees, scaly-smooth bark type, tree DBH range 37,9–58,7, pH value range 4,96–5,92, and canopy cover of 33–56%. The average bryophyte cover is high at heights 0–100 and facing north in the forest. Based on the Spearman correlation test, data results of bryophyte abundance did not correlate between abiotic parameter, that is air temperature, humidity, and light intensity with bryophyte cover at city forest and roadside. This research conclude that percentage of bryophyte cover can be an indicator for air humidity in urban district."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian lamun dan perifiton di wilayah perairan Teluk Lampung yaitu Hurun, Lahu, dan Ringgung untuk kondisi dan perubahan struktur komunitas padang lamun dan perifiton. Metode yang digunakan adalah transect menggunakan kuadrat berukuran 50x50cm. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan dan dominasi serta keterkaitan antara padang lamun, perifiton dan beberapa parameter lain menggunakan uji Spearman. Ditemukan 4 jenis dari 2 famili yaitu Hydrocharitaceae (Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Halophila minor) dan Famili Potamagetonaceae (Halodule uninervis). Berdasarkan pengamatan ditemukan sebanyak 22 jenis perifiton baik alga epifit maupun meiofauna epifit. Perifiton dibagi dalam 10 kelompok yaitu Diatomae, Dinoflagellata, Copepoda, Medusae, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Cypris, Polychaeta, Bivalvia, dan Gastropoda. Dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun, terjadi penurunan indeks keanekaragaman, baik pada lamun maupun perifiton, yang menunjukkan penurunan stabilitas ekosistem padang lamun. Berdasarkan hasil uji Spearman, diketahui bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara tingkat kerapatan setiap jenis lamun dengan tingkat kepadatan perifitonnya, kerapatan lamun dengan kandungan organik substrat, serta biomassa di bawah substrat dengan kandungan organik substrat.

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ABSTRACTThe research of seagrass and periphyton in Lampung bay territorial has been done in Hurun, Lahu, and Ringgung, to know the conditions and changes of community structure of seagrass beds dan periphyton. Transect method using a square 50x50cm. Data observations were analyzed the diversity, evenness and dominance index. Linkages between seagrass, periphyton and some other parameters analyzed using the Spearman test. There 4 specieces from 2 families of seagrass found in Hurun, Lahu and Ringgung, that are Hydrocharitaceae (Enhalus acoroides,Halophila minor, and Thalassia hemprichii) and Potamagetonaceae (Halodule uninervis). Based on the observations found 22 species of algae either epiphytic periphyton and epiphytic meiofauna. Periphyton were divided into 10 groups Diatomae, Dinoflagellates, Copepods, Medusae, Amphipods, Isopods, Cypris, Polychaeta, Bivalves, and Gastropods. In the past 10 years, decline on diversity index and dominance index increased, both in seagrass and periphyton, which showed a decrease in the stability of seagrass ecosystems. Based on the Spearman test, there is a positive correlation between the density of periphyton and seagrass (spesific on type), the density of seagrass and substrate organic content, also biomass below substrate and substrate organic content."

"Perairan Teluk Lampung di Kabupaten Pesawaran adalah salah satu wilayah pesisir dengan ekosistem padang lamun yang dipenuhi oleh kegiatan perikanan seperti budidaya kerang mutiara, keramba jaring apung, dan budidaya udang. Struktur komunitas di padang lamun dapat dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan manusia tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi spesies, kepadatan, dan struktur komunitas Gastropoda di setiap stasiun, serta membandingkannya antar stasiun. Tujuan kedua yaitu untuk menguji korelasi kategori partikel sedimen terhadap kepadatan Gastropoda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode line transect dan kuadran ukuran 0,5 m x 0,5 m. Gastropoda yang diperoleh sebanyak 17 famili, 49 spesies, dan 219 individu. Spesies yang mendominasi padang lamun Teluk Lampung adalah Canarium urceus berjumlah 39 individu dengan kepadatan 2,08 ind/m2. Kepadatan Gastropoda berkisar 6,13 – 17,06 ind/m2. Nilai keanekaragaman berkisar 2,58 – 2,89. Nilai kemerataan berkisar antara 0,86 – 0,96, Dominansi berkisar antara 0,07 – 0,11. Nilai kesamaan berkisar 0,21 – 0,67. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA, terbukti bahwa terdapat perbedaan kepadatan Gastropoda pada stasiun penelitian dengan Sig. 0,008. Perbedaan dapat terjadi dikarenakan Gastropoda sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis sedimen dan kondisi lingkungan. Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan Uji Spearman terdapat korelasi positif antara kepadatan Gastropoda dengan pasir sebesar 0,575, korelasi negatif dengan lempung sebesar -0,588, dan tidak berkorelasi dengan kerikil serta butiran.

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The waters of Lampung Bay in Pesawaran Regency are one of the coastal areas with a seagrass ecosystem that supports fisheries activities such as pearl oyster cultivation, floating net cages, and shrimp cultivation. Human activities can influence the community structure in seagrass beds. This research aims to analyze the species composition, density, and community structure of gastropods at each station and compare them between stations. Additionally, it aims to test the correlation between sediment particle categories and gastropod density. This research uses the line transect method and 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrants. Seventeen families, 49 species, and 219 gastropod individuals were obtained. The Canary pitcher, totaling 39 individuals with a density of 2.08 ind/m², dominates the seagrass beds of Lampung Bay. Gastropod density ranged from 6.13 to 17.06 ind/m². The diversity value ranges from 2.58 to 2.89, the evenness value ranges between 0.86 to 0.96, and dominance ranges between 0.07 to 0.11. The similarity value ranges from 0.21 to 0.67. The ANOVA test showed a significant difference in gastropod density at the research stations (Sig. 0.008). Differences can occur due to the influence of sediment type and environmental conditions on gastropods. The Spearman test confirmed a positive correlation between gastropod density and sand (0.575), a negative correlation with clay (-0.588), and no correlation with gravel and granules."

"Hurun Gulf waters including Fisheries Management Area (WPP) and the Java Sea in the area of Lampung Bay waters. Hurun Bay around many ponds, sights, and karamba Floating Net, so the activities carried out at sea and on land can have a negative effect on this region, especially the quality of aquatic environment. Therefore, to study the depth of the plankton community structure that can be used as the basis of information in monitoring the condition of the waters. This research was conducted during two weeks in January, February, and March. Defined 15 stations taking measurements and water and plankton samples, with two replications, from each station. Determination of the station based on the condition of the area. Sampling for phytoplankton taken with a Kitahara net cone with diameter 31 cm, length 100 cm and eye net size for surface and vertical net 80 m. Zooplankton sampling with a NORPAC net with diameter 45 cm, 180 cm length and eye net size for surface and vertical net 300 m. These samples were preserved with formalin 4 then analyzed in the laboratory using the method of sub-samples. Plankton was observed and analyzed using a microscope binoculars. The instrument used for measuring chemical and physical parameters are thermometer, refraktometer, Secchi disc, and bathymetrimeter. Vehicle used was 40 HP fishing boat. Phytoplankton species identification results of the surface are 50 genera, including in the class 3 or Diatoms Bacillariophyceae (36 genera), Cyanophyceae (3 genera) and Dinophyceae (11 genera) and the vertical is 56 genera which are 36 genera composition classes Bacillariophyceae, 4 genus 16 genus of Cyanophyceae and Dinophyceae. The dominant genus of the class is Bacillariophyceae Chaetoceros, Thalassiosira, Thalassionema and Biddulphia and three genera of the class Dinophyceae is Ceratium, Noctiluca and Protoperidinium. Diversity index values range in the surface 1.50 (Station 15) - 0.59 (Station 10), while the vertical 1.79 (Station 9) - 0.78 (Station 15). The range of values of surface uniformity index 0.47 (Station 15) - 0.17 (Station 10), whereas the vertical range of values uniformity index 0.64 (Station 9) - 0.16 (Station 15). Dominance is the highest index of 0.83 indicates that dominance is. Total abundance of phytoplankton ranged from the lowest 750 cells / l until the highest 192750 cells / l. The dominant zooplankton obtained from the class Crustacea, which is taking 24 genera in the genus 19 surface and vertically, Protozoa class (on the surface of genus 17 and 18 are vertical), Annelida (on the surface of genus 7 and 6 are vertical), Protochordata (there are two genus on the surface or vertical), molluscs (two genera), and Rotifera Echinodermata one genus. Diversity index values range in the Surface, 2.27 (Station 4) - 0.64 (Station 3) and the Vertical 2.33 (Station 1) -0.82 (Station 15). The range of surface uniformity index value, 0.99 (Station 2) -0.42 (Stasiun12), whereas the vertical range of values uniformity index 0.95 (Station 4) -0.54 (Station 14). Dominance is the highest index of 0.66, indicating that dominance was.The lowest surface abundance of 6750 ind / l (Station 14), the highest 144000 ind / l (Station 3). Phytoplankton relationships with environmental factors, phytoplankton abundance parameters are influenced by phosphate and brightness, but the most affecting is phosphate, when viewed between phytoplankton abundance parameters week has a close affinity with salinity, DO, depth and pH. Zooplankton relationships with environmental factors seen in between stations have a close connection with the phosphate and brightness, and when viewed from the inter-week zooplankton abundance parameter has a close affinity with salinity, DO, phosphate and pH. Relationships of phytoplankton-zooplankton abundance correlated positively linear in time corresponding to the regression equation Y = 0,502X – 8226. The results showed that herbivorous zooplankton feed speed is proportional to the speed increase phytoplankton populations."

"Penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas Polychaeta di lima muara sungai Teluk Jakarta (Muara Karang, Muara Baru, Muara Sunda Kelapa, Muara Tiram, dan Muara Tawar) telah dilakukan. Sampel diambil menggunakan Peterson Grab Sampler dari tiga stasiun di masing-masing lokasi pengambilan sampel. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi dan pencacahan sampel diperoleh 29 marga yang terdiri dari 16 marga berasal dari subkelas Errantia dan 13 marga lainnya berasal dari subkelas Sedentaria. Kapadatan Polychaeta di perairan Teluk Jakarta berkisar antara 194,22?296,30 individu/m2. Terdapat dominasi marga Capitella di Muara Tawar, dan dominasi marga Nereis di Muara Karang. Indeks keanekaragaman Polychaeta berkisar antara 0,69--2,71 dan indeks kemerataan berkisar antara 0,09- -0,97. Kesamaan marga Polychaeta antar muara bervariasi yang berkisar antara 0- -1. Sebaran Polychaeta di perairan Teluk Jakarta menunjukkan pola mengelompok.

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Research on community structure of Polychaeta in five rivermouths of Jakarta Bay (Muara Karang, Muara Baru, Muara Sunda Kelapa, Muara Tiram, and Muara Tawar) have been performed. Samples were taken by Peterson Grab Sampler from three stations at each sampling sites. Based on the identification and enumeration of samples obtained, there were 29 genera comprising, 16 genera from subclasses Errantia and 13 other genera from subclasses Sedentaria. Density of Polychaeta in Jakarta Bay ranged from 194,22 to 296,30 individu/m2. Polychaeta in Muara Tawar are dominated by the Capitella, and then Polychaeta in Muara Karang are dominated by the Nereis. Polychaeta diversity index ranged from 0,69 to 2,71 and evenness index ranged from 0,09 to 0, 97. The similarity index at Jakarta Bay ranged from 0--1. Distribution of Polychaeta in Jakarta Bay waters showed clumped patterns."