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"Peran seorang apoteker sangat dibutuhkan dalam memastikan setiap kegiatan sesuai dengan pedoman CDOB dan ketentuan perundang-undangan pada pelakasanaan pelayanan kefarmasian di bidang distribusi. Cold Chain Product (CCP) merupakan produk yang membutuhkan perhatian khusus terhadap kondisi suhu selama proses pendistribusian. Kondisi suhu pada proses pendistribusian produk vaksin (CCP) harus terjaga pada rentang antaran 2-8o C. Pentingnya kondisi suhu selama proses pendistribusian dari produk CCP menyebabkab sarana yang digunakan pada proses pendistribusian produk CCP harus dilakukan validasi terlebih dahulu. Validasi suhu cool box dilakukan untuk memastikan proses pendistribusian vaksin sesuai dengan persyaratan sehingga kualitas produk vaksin (CCP) dapat tetap terjaga.

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The role of a pharmacist is very much needed in ensuring that every activity is in accordance with CDOB guidelines and statutory provisions on the implementation of pharmaceutical services in the field of distribution. Cold Chain Product (CCP) is a product that requires special attention to temperature conditions during the distribution process. Temperature conditions in the process of distributing vaccine products (CCP) must be maintained in the range of 2-8o C. The importance of temperature conditions during the distribution process of CCP products causes the facilities used in the distribution process of CCP products to be validated first. Cool box temperature validation is carried out to ensure the vaccine distribution process meets the requirements so that the quality of the vaccine product (CCP) can be maintained.

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"Vaksin merupakan unsur biologis yang memiliki karakteristik khusus dan sensitif terhadap temperatur, vaksin rentan mengalami penurunan mutu dan efektivitas apabila terpapar oleh temperatur yang tidak sesuai dengan karakteristik temperatur penyimpanan yang telah dipersyaratkan. Upaya dalam menjaga mutu dan efektivitas vaksin tidak semata-mata hanya ditentukan dari cara vaksin diproduksi dengan baik dan benar, tetapi salah satu urgensi yang dapat menjadi titik kritis penentuan mutu dan efektivitas vaksin yaitu perlakuan selama proses pengelolaan. PBF berperan penting dalam mengelola vaksin mulai dari penerimaan, penyimpanan hingga pendistribusian vaksin ke berbagai fasilitas kesehatan. Sebelum vaksin didistribusikan, vaksin akan melalui proses penyimpanan pada alat berupa chiller. Selama proses penyimpanan, perlu dilakukan pemantauan suhu vaksin secara berkala. Pemantauan suhu secara berkala berkaitan erat dengan alat yang digunakan selama proses penyimpanan vaksin yaitu chiller. Penggunaan chiller sebagai alat penyimpanan vaksin harus melalui tahap validasi sesuai persyaratan yang telah ditetapkan yaitu dapat mempertahankan suhu penyimpanan antara 2-8°C. Hal ini bertujuan sebagai acuan standar operasional selama proses penyimpanan vaksin berlangsung. Melalui tugas khusus ini dapat diketahui bahwa chiller yang digunakan selama proses penyimpanan produk vaksin di PT. Kimia Farma Trading & Distribution Cabang Jakarta 1 telah valid dan mampu mempertahankan kestabilan suhu pada rentang 2-8°C selama jangka waktu ± 20 jam bahkan lebih apabila chiller dalam kondisi dinyalakan.

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Vaccines are biological elements that have special characteristics and are sensitive to temperature, vaccines are prone to decreasing quality and effectiveness when exposed to temperatures that do not match the required storage temperature characteristics. Efforts to maintain vaccine quality and effectiveness are not solely determined by how vaccines are produced properly and correctly, but one of the urgency that can become a critical point in determining vaccine quality and effectiveness, namely treatment during the management process. PBF plays an important role in managing vaccines from receipt, storage to distribution of vaccines to various health facilities. Before the vaccine is distributed, the vaccine will go through a storage process in a chiller. During the storage process, it is necessary to periodically monitor the temperature of the vaccine. Periodic temperature monitoring is closely related to the equipment used during the vaccine storage process, namely the chiller. The use of a chiller as a vaccine storage device must go through a validation stage according to predetermined requirements, namely being able to maintain a storage temperature between 2-8°C. This is intended as a reference for operational standards during the vaccine storage process. Through this special assignment, it can be seen that the chiller used during the process of storing vaccine products at PT. Kimia Farma Trading & Distribution Jakarta Branch 1 is valid and able to maintain temperature stability in the range of 2-8°C for a period of ± 20 hours or more if the chiller is turned on."

"Infeksi Human Papillomavirus (HPV) memiliki korelasi yang erat dengan insidensi kanker serviks. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan chimeric virus like particles (cVLP) sebagai kandidat vaksin untuk mencegah kanker serviks. cVLP dikembangkan dengan mensubstitusi epitop dari protein HPV-18 L1 dan HPV-52 L1 dengan protein HPV-16 L1. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan empat desain vaksin kimerik, yaitu ANN1, ANN2, HMM1, dan HMM2. Kajian ini akan menentukan efek dari modifikasi pos translasi. Berdasarkan kajian in silico, modifikasi pos translasi yang dominan adalah glikosilasi.

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Computational Study of Post Translation Modification in Chimeric Virus Like Particles Vaccine of Human Papilloma Virus with Virion Capsid L1. The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has a tight correlation with the incidence of cervical cancer. Chimeric virus like particles (cVLP) has been developed as vaccine candidate for preventing cervical cancer. cVLPs are improvement of Virus Like Particles (VLP) by substituting the epitope of L1 HPV -18 and -52 protein to L1 HPV -16 protein. They are ANN1, ANN2, HMM1, and HMM2. The impact of post translation modification will be determined. Based on In Silico study, the dominant post translation modification is glycosylation."

"ABSTRACTImmunization has been proven to control and eliminate life-threatening infectious diseases. However, based on the data from Ministry of Health Central Data and Information Center, there is an decrease in DPT vaccine rates from 95% in 2014 to 93.1% in 2015, which is said to be linked to groups of parents that chose to not undergo DPT vaccine. A cross sectional survey of randomized sample of 250 mothers with children in the age of 2 - 5 years old were given questionnaires at early child education programs and pre-schools in North and South Jakarta. One-hundred and seventy nine participants had good knowledge of immunization regardless of their level of education, this showed an insignificant result. This proved to be the same in the relationship of level of education with knowledge on DPT vaccine. As for knowledge on immunization and practice to do immunization was significant. However, this was different in relationship of knowledge on DPT vaccine with practice to do DPT vaccine. The relationship of attitude on practice to do DPT vaccine was also insignificant. While the relationship of factors such as residence and number of children to practice to do DPT vaccine was also insignificant. Parental knowledge is an important factor in parents' decision to immunize their child, but this is not reflected in the parental knowledge relating to DPT vaccine against the practice of parents in choosing DPT vaccine.

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ABSTRACTImunisasi telah dibuktikan untuk terbuksi bisa mengendalikan dan menghapuskan penyakit menular. Namun, berdasarkan data Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan, ada penurunan tingkat vaksin DPT dari 95% di tahun 2014 menjadi 93.1% di tahun 2015, yang dikatakan terkait dengan kelompok orang tua yang memilih untuk tidak menjalani imunisasi DPT. Survei cross sectional terhadap sampel random dari 250 ibu dengan anak-anak di usia 2 - 5 tahun diberi kuesioner pada Program Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) dan TK di Utara dan Selatan Jakarta. Seratus tujuh puluh sembilan peserta memiliki pengetahuan tentang imunisasi baik terlepas dari tingkat pendidikan mereka, hal ini menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan. Hal ini terbukti sama dalam hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan pengetahuan tentang pengetahuan vaksin DPT. Adapun pengetahuan tentang immunisasi dan praktik untuk melakukan immunisasi sangat signifikan. Namun, hal ini berbeda dalam hubungan pengetahuan tentang edukasi vaksin DPT dengan praktik melakukan pengetahuan vaksin DPT. Hubungan sikap dalam praktik melakukan vaksin DPT juga tidak signifikan. Sedangkan hubungan faktor-faktor seperti tempat tinggal dan jumlah anak yang melakukan praktik vaksin DPT juga tidak signifikan.Pengetahuan orang tua merupakan faktor penting dalam keputusan orang tua untuk memberikan imunisasi kepada anak mereka, namun hal ini tidak tercermin dalam hubungan pengetahuan orang tua tentang vaksin DPT terhadap praktik orang tua untuk memilih melakukan vkaksin DPT"

"Indonesia telah mengimplementasikan program imunisasi nasional yang mencakup 5 imunisasi dasar, termasuk campak, namun, penyakit campak masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada anak. Pengetahuan dan sikap orangtua terhadap imunisasi merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku vaksin campak di DKI Jakarta dan hubungannya dengan pengetahuan serta sikap orangtua. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan metode cross sectional, melalui kuesioner. Terdapat pertanyaan Ya, Tidak dan Tidak tahu mengenai pengetahuan dan Skala Likert mengenai sikap dan perilaku terhadap vaksin campak. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada orangtua dari anak berumur 2-5 tahun di KB dan PAUD di Jakarta Selatan dan Jakarta Utara untuk kemudian dianalisa dengan program SPSS (Ver. 24) untuk dan meto chi-square. Seratus lima puluh dua responden dari 200 memiliki pengetahuan yang buruk, 114 responden bersikap positif dan 188 responden memvaksinasi anak mereka dengan vaksin campak. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan orang tua dan pengetahuan orang tua serta pada hubungan antara sikap orang tua dan perilaku terhadap vaksin campak. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan orangtua dan perilaku dari vaksin campak dengan nilai p 0.009 dan odds ratio sebesar 5.01. Faktor lain; campur tangan pasangan/keluarga, kepercayaan, kekhawatiran terhadap efek samping dapat mempengaruhi perilaku orang tua terhadap vaksin campak.

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Indonesia has implemented a national immunization program with 5 basic immunizations, including measles. However, measles remains to be one of the leading causes of death in children. Parents knowledge and attitude towards immunization is a factor affecting the practice. This research aims to know how is the practice of measles vaccine in DKI Jakarta and its association with parental knowledge and attitude towards it.

This is a cross sectional study using a questionnaire that includes Yes, No and Dont know questions regarding knowledge and Likert Scale questions regarding attitude towards measles vaccine. Questionnaires were distributed to parents of children of the age 2-5 years from playgroups and kindergartens in South and North Jakarta and was analyzed using SPSS for Macintosh (Ver. 24) and chi-square method.

One hundred and fifty-two out of 200 respondents had good knowledge about measles, 114 had positive attitude towards it and 188 respondents vaccinated their children with measles vaccine. P values of <0.05 were obtained on the relationship between parents education level and their knowledge about measles and measles vaccine and the relationship between parents attitude and their practice. A significant association was revealed between parents knowledge and their practice, shown by a p value of 0.009 and an OR of 5.01. Other factors; partners and familys involvement, beliefs and the fear of side effects may also affect the practice of measles vaccine."

"[ABSTRAKBCG telah digunakan sebagai upaya mencegah infeksi tuberculosis selama lebih dari 90 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat efek pemberian vaksin BCG melalui rute subkutan di area dorsal leher dan paha pada mencit galur Swiss sekaligus menguji potensi pasak bumi (PB) sebagai imunomodulator setelah imunisasi BCG dengan mengukur IgG1 dan IgG3 menggunakan metode ELISA. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari proyek penelitian mengkaji potensi ekstrak akar pasak bumi pada beberapa infeksi pathogen intraseluler. Hasilnya pemberian vaksin BCG melalui rute subkutan di area leher lebih efektif (p<0.05) meningkatkan kadar IgG1 (OD kelompok air 2.162±0.231; kelompok PB 2.138±0.214) dan IgG3 (OD kelompok air 2.564±0.286; kelompok PB 2.521±0.228) pada mencit dibandingkan kadar IgG1 (OD kelompok air 0.817±0.101; kelompok PB 0.796±0.207) dan IgG3 (OD kelompok air 1.290±0.104; kelompok PB 1.260±0.093) pada vaksinasi BCG secara subkutan di area paha. Sementara itu potensi ekstrak akar pasak bumi dalam memodulasi produksi IgG1 dan IgG3 paska injeksi BCG belum terlihat pada percobaan ini.

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ABSTRACTBCG has been used as an effort to prevent tuberculosis for more than 90 years. The aim of this research were to investigate the effect of BCG vaccine administration trough subcutaneous route over the neck and on the thigh of mice of Swiss strain as well as to evaluate the potency of pasak bumi (PB) as immunomodulator in IgG1 and IgG3 productions after BCG vaccination. This research is part of a bigger project to analyse the potency of pasak bumi as an immunomodulator over intracellular pathogen infections. The result shows that BCG vaccination through subcutaneous over the neck was more effective (p<0.05) in generating IgG1 (OD group with water 2.162±0.231; group with PB 2.138±0.214) and IgG3 (OD group with water 2.564±0.286; group with PB 2.521±0.228) on mice compare to IgG1 level (OD group with water 0.817±0.101; group with PB 0.796±0.207) and IgG3 (OD group with water 1.290±0.104; group with PB 1.260±0.093) on subcutaneous vaccination on thigh area. The potency of pasak bumi root extract in modulating the production of IgG1 and IgG3 has not seen in this experiment.;BCG has been used as an effort to prevent tuberculosis for more than 90 years. The aim of this research were to investigate the effect of BCG vaccine administration trough subcutaneous route over the neck and on the thigh of mice of Swiss strain as well as to evaluate the potency of pasak bumi (PB) as immunomodulator in IgG1 and IgG3 productions after BCG vaccination. This research is part of a bigger project to analyse the potency of pasak bumi as an immunomodulator over intracellular pathogen infections. The result shows that BCG vaccination through subcutaneous over the neck was more effective (p<0.05) in generating IgG1 (OD group with water 2.162±0.231; group with PB 2.138±0.214) and IgG3 (OD group with water 2.564±0.286; group with PB 2.521±0.228) on mice compare to IgG1 level (OD group with water 0.817±0.101; group with PB 0.796±0.207) and IgG3 (OD group with water 1.290±0.104; group with PB 1.260±0.093) on subcutaneous vaccination on thigh area. The potency of pasak bumi root extract in modulating the production of IgG1 and IgG3 has not seen in this experiment., BCG has been used as an effort to prevent tuberculosis for more than 90 years. The aim of this research were to investigate the effect of BCG vaccine administration trough subcutaneous route over the neck and on the thigh of mice of Swiss strain as well as to evaluate the potency of pasak bumi (PB) as immunomodulator in IgG1 and IgG3 productions after BCG vaccination. This research is part of a bigger project to analyse the potency of pasak bumi as an immunomodulator over intracellular pathogen infections. The result shows that BCG vaccination through subcutaneous over the neck was more effective (p<0.05) in generating IgG1 (OD group with water 2.162±0.231; group with PB 2.138±0.214) and IgG3 (OD group with water 2.564±0.286; group with PB 2.521±0.228) on mice compare to IgG1 level (OD group with water 0.817±0.101; group with PB 0.796±0.207) and IgG3 (OD group with water 1.290±0.104; group with PB 1.260±0.093) on subcutaneous vaccination on thigh area. The potency of pasak bumi root extract in modulating the production of IgG1 and IgG3 has not seen in this experiment.]"

"Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumokokus) merupakan bakteri patogen yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit, berkisar dari infeksi mukosa saluran pernapasan ringan hingga pneumonia. Menurut WHO, pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian akibat infeksi tunggal terbesar pada anak-anak di seluruh dunia. Oleh karena itu, pencegahan pneumonia merupakan hal yang penting. Imunisasi merupakan cara yang paling efektif untuk mencegah pneumonia, sehingga WHO merekomendasikan imunisasi Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) untuk dimasukkan ke dalam Program Imunisasi Nasional. Edukasi kepada masyarakat mengenai pentingnya imunisasi PCV pada anak-anak di Indonesia merupakan hal yang penting dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas, salah satunya farmasis, dalam rangka mencegah dan menurunkan angka mortalitas akibat pneumonia di Indonesia. Edukasi pada masyarakat dapat dilakukan salah satunya dengan melalui media leaflet. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dibuat leaflet mengenai PCV untuk mengedukasi masyarakat di Puskesmas Kecamatan Makasar Jakarta Timur. Penulisan tugas khusus ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi masyarakat di Puskesmas Kecamatan Makasar Jakarta Timur mengenai PCV melalui media leaflet, serta menjabarkan materi edukasi yang tertera pada leaflet PCV. Penulisan ini dilakukan dengan melakukan studi literatur, pengumpulan materi, melakukan diskusi mengenai materi, serta pembuatan leaflet. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, materi edukasi yang tertera pada leaflet PCV yang dibuat oleh Puskesmas Kecamatan Makasar Jakarta Timur terdiri dari definisi mengenai pneumonia, prevalensi dan gejala pneumonia pada balita, kegiatan imunisasi PCV, serta kandungan, karakteristik, wujud, isi, efek samping, dan penyimpanan vaksin PCV.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a pathogenic bacteria that can cause various diseases, from mild respiratory tract mucosal infections to pneumonia. According to the WHO, pneumonia is the single largest cause of death due to infection in children worldwide. Therefore, preventing pneumonia is important. Immunization is the most effective way to prevent pneumonia, so WHO recommends Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) immunization to be included in the National Immunization Program. Educating people regarding the importance of PCV immunization for children in Indonesia is an important thing for health workers at public health centers, one of whom is a pharmacist, in order to prevent and reduce the mortality rate due to pneumonia in Indonesia. One way to educate the public is through leaflets. Based on this, a leaflet regarding PCV was created to educate people at Makasar District Health Center, East Jakarta. The aim of this writing is to educate people at Makasar District Health Center, East Jakarta, about PCV through leaflet media, as well as explain the educational material listed on the PCV leaflet. This writing was carried out by conducting literature studies, collecting material, holding discussions about the material, and making leaflets. Based on this, the educational material listed on the PCV leaflet made by the Makasar District Health Center, East Jakarta, consists of definitions regarding pneumonia, prevalence and symptoms of pneumonia in toddlers, PCV immunization activities, as well as the content, characteristics, form, side effects, and storage of the PCV vaccine."

"Pedagang Besar Farmasi (PBF) wajib menerapkan pedoman teknis Cara Distribusi Obat yang Baik (CDOB) dalam pelaksanaan distribusi obat dan/ atau bahan obat, salah satu bagiannya adalah bangunan dan peralatan. Bangunan sebagai tempat penyimpanan perlu dilakukan pengendalian terhadap parameter suhu untuk menjaga suhu pada area penyimpanan tetap sesuai dengan ketentuan yang dipersyaratkan agar obat dan/atau bahan obat selalu dalam kondisi yang baik dan terjamin kualitasnya, terutama untuk produk yang memerlukan suhu khusus seperti produk rantai dingin (Cold Chain Produk/CCP). Tujuan dari penulisan laporan ini adalah untuk mengetahui suhu terendah dan tertinggi saat pemantauan mingguan pada cold room dan cool room yang dilaksanakan dari tanggal 5 - 11 Desember 2022 pada PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading DC-3 Cikarang. Berdasarkan hasil pemantauan suhu pada cold room yang memiliki dua chiller, chiller bagian atas memiliki suhu minimum sebesar 2,8⁰C dan suhu maksimum sebesar 6,0⁰C, sedangkan pada chiller bagian bawah memiliki suhu minimum sebesar 4,4⁰C dan suhu maksimum sebesar 5,4⁰C. Pemantauan suhu pada cool room memberikan hasil bahwa suhu minimum sebesar 21,3⁰C dan suhu maksimum sebesar 23,0⁰C. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil monitoring suhu mingguan pada cold room dan cool room sudah sesuai dengan persyaratan yang telah ditentukan, yaitu pada rentang 2 – 8⁰C untuk cold room dan 15 – 25⁰C untuk cool room.

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Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (PBF) are required to implement the Good Drug Distribution Practices (CDOB) technical guidelines in the implementation of drug and/or drug substance distribution, one of which is building and equipment. The building as a storage area needs to control temperature parameters to maintain the temperature in the storage area in accordance with the requirements required so that drugs and/or medicinal substances are always in good condition and quality guaranteed, especially for products that require special temperatures such as cold chain products (CCP). The purpose of writing this report is to find out the lowest and highest temperatures during weekly monitoring in cold rooms and cool rooms which will be carried out from 5 - 11 December 2022 at PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading DC-3 Cikarang. Based on the results of temperature monitoring in the cold room which has two chillers, the upper chiller has a minimum temperature of 2.8⁰C and a maximum temperature of 6.0⁰C, while the lower chiller has a minimum temperature of 4.4⁰C and a maximum temperature of 5.4⁰C. Temperature monitoring in the cool room gives the result that the minimum temperature is 21.3⁰C and the maximum temperature is 23.0⁰C. It can be concluded that the results of weekly temperature monitoring in the cold room and cool room are in accordance with predetermined requirements, namely in the range of 2 – 8⁰C for cold rooms and 15 – 25⁰C for cool rooms."

"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2 yang menyerang saluran pernapasan, telah menjadi isu kesehatan publik. Vaksin COVID-19 platform mRNA beserta sistem penghantar LNP, menunjukkan kemampuan ekspresi protein yang baik, serta imunogenisitas yang tinggi. Meskipun demikian, biaya produksi LNP yang tinggi perlu dipertimbangkan apabila produksi skala besar dalam negeri ingin dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekspresi protein cell-penetrating-peptide (CPP) ALM yang menunjukkan potensi dalam menghantarkan asam nukleat ke dalam sitosol. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengklonaan dan ekpresi CPP ALM dalam sistem prokariot. Adapun mRNA penyandi RBD Spike dan mRNA penyandi IRES eGFP ditranskripsi secara in vitro. Interpretasi hasil penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dan kualitatif. Protein ALM belum berhasil diekspresi. Analisa struktur sekunder mRNA perlu dilakukan pada penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya untuk memprediksi keberhasilan ekspresi protein. mRNA penyandi RBD Spike dan eGFP belum dapat mengekspresikan protein target. Modifikasi mRNA lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan translasi dan stabilitas mRNA.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, attacks the respiratory tract and has become a public health issue. The mRNA platform COVID-19 vaccine along with the LNP delivery system exhibits good protein expression capabilities, as well as high immunogenicity. Nevertheless, the high cost of LNP production needs to be considered if large-scale domestic production is to be carried out. Therefore, in this study, the expression of ALM cell-penetrating-peptide (CPP) protein was carried out which showed the potential to deliver nucleic acids into the cytosol. In this study, cloning and expression of CPP ALM were carried out in a prokaryotic system. The mRNA encoding RBD Spike and the mRNA encoding IRES eGFP were transcribed in vitro. Interpretation of research results is done descriptively and qualitatively. ALM protein has not been successfully expressed. Analysis of mRNA secondary structure needs to be carried out in future studies to predict the success of protein expression. mRNA encoding RBD Spike and eGFP cannot yet express the target protein. Further modification of the mRNA needs to be done to improve the translation ability and stability of the mRNA."

"This study was conducted in PT. Coca-Coca Distribution Indonesia (PT.CCDI) that evaluated the change from direct selling, in 2007, to become Distribution Center Matahari Balaraja, in 2008. It uses SCOR 9.0 process mapping and performance metrics to analyze whether this change is better for PT. CCDI. The advantages are reducing outbound transportation cost about 204 million after subtracting with distribution fee for Matahari DC, centralized discount management. The disadvantages are decreasing in Service Level and Perfect Order Fulfillment, and increasing cash-to-cash cycle time. Due to some advantages, this study also recommends evaluation with other parameter such as upside supply chain flexibility and upside supply chain adaptability."