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"Mooi Indië paintings represented the orientalist-colonial imagination of the picturesque Netherlands East Indies, with the obfuscation of the social realities on the ground and the silencing of the adverse effects of colonial capitalism. This article discusses the colonial legacy of Mooi Indië paintings on contemporary environmental policy in Indonesia, with a case study of the policy of the Citarum Harum Taskforce. This Taskforce was formed in 2018 and marked the national government’s attempt to rehabilitate the Citarum after it was declared one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It provides an analysis of several Mooi Indië paintings which depict the Citarum River and were created by European painters (such as Antoine Payen and Isaäc Groneman), before looking at the contemporary effects of the Citarum Harum’s beautification-oriented policy. The article also analyses some particular stereotypes of Netherlands East Indies natives as depicted in Mooi Indië paintings for comparison with the Taskforce’s policy implementation on the residents along the Citarum River. Ultimately, such a comparison demonstrates a form of colonial captivity at work today. The ideas of the Citarum Harum Taskforce demonstrate a captive mind, which continues to hide the socio-environmental problems which persist. This to the exploitation of the environment and people in the wake of the contemporary neoliberal system which dominates our worldview."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini hadir untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kebijakan kolonial Hindia Belanda dibuat pada masa akhir kekuasaannya. Satu-satunya penelitian sejarawan Indonesia yang mendalam mengenai masa ini adalah Runtuhnya Hindia Belanda karya Onghokham (1989). Berbeda dengan karya Ong, penelitian ini memberikan perhatian pada pembuatan kebijakan kolonial. Dengan demikian, pertanyaan utama yang dihadirkan adalah mengenai alasan pemerintah kolonial melaksanakan kebijakan kolonial dengan pola reaksioner. Pembahasan pada pembuatan kebijakan tersebut juga berfokus pada figur Gubernur Jenderal Tjarda van Starkenborgh yang dikenal sebagai golongan liberal. Dengan menggunakan metode kesejarahan Gottschalk (1975), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat dua faktor yang menyebabkan Hindia Belanda tidak mengakomodasi perubahan politik mendasar. Alasan pertama berkaitan dengan struktur kolonial yang membuat gubernur jenderal tidak memiliki kekuasaan untuk membuat perubahan. Sedangkan alasan kedua berkaitan dengan tekanan berbagai kepentingan yang harus dipertimbangkan oleh gubernur jenderal. Kedua faktor ini pada akhirnya membuat Hindia Belanda di bawah seorang gubernur jenderal yang liberal menjalankan kebijakan yang sangat reaksioner dan menghasilkan ketidakpuasan kaum bumiputra. Sekalipun telah memperhatikan berbagai sudut pandang, penelitian ini masih memiliki ruang bagi pembahasan lanjutan yang mempertimbangkan pandangan-pandangan figur kolonial lain dan pertimbangan terhadap sumber kearsipan yang lebih beragam.

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ABSTRACTThis research present to explain how the Netherlands Indies policies were made at the end of their rule. The only in-depth study of Indonesian historian on this period was Runtuhnya Hindia Belanda by Onghokham (1989). In contrast to Ongs work, this research pays attention to colonial policy-making. Thus, the main question presented was about the reasons of the colonial government to implement reactionary colonial policies in the changing colonial world. The discussion on policy-making also focused on the figure of Governor-general Tjarda van Starkenborgh, who was known as liberal. Applying the Gottschalk historical method (1975), this study found that there were two main factors which caused the Netherlands Indies not to accommodate fundamental political changes. The first reason related to the colonial structure which made the governor-general powerless to make any changes. While the second reason related to the pressure of various interests that must be considered by the governor-general. These two factors ultimately led the Netherlands Indies, even under a liberal governor-general, to carry out a very reactionary policy and evoke dissatisfaction within the natives. Despite observing various perspectives, this research still has room for further discussion that considers the views of other colonial figures and considerations of a more diverse source of archives.

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"This article explores cross-cultural encounters and identities discourses in selected Polish and Russian travelogues about the Netherlands East Indies. Poles and Russians could travel to the Netherlands East Indies thanks to advantages afforded Europeans by the colonial system. Their occupations (for example, a privileged tourist, colonial scientist, diplomat) often made them suitable imperial agents. They defined themselves as Europeans but, as Eastern Europeans, they occupied an ambiguous position: Russians came from a land-based, economically backward “empire of the periphery“ (Boris Kagarlitsky 2008); Poles came from a semi-peripheral European nation subjected to foreign rule and, from their common experience of subjugation, some Polish authors were able to sympathize with the colonized peoples. Hence, a comparative approach leads to various insights into representations of colonial Indonesia."

"Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri pertimbangan pemerintah kolonial dalam membangun prasarana perhubungan untuk memfasilitasi eksploitasi ekonomi di pesisir barat Kalimantan. Untuk itu, tulisan ini menyoal pembangunan jalan sebagai satu-satunya pilihan pemerintah kolonial ketika dihadapkan pada gagasan pembangunan jalur rel kereta api yang kala itu merupakan tren terbaru perhubungan darat dan kenyataan lingkungan yang telah terbangun, yakni jalur air. Persoalan tersebut dikaji menggunakan metode sejarah melalui pendekatan studi perkotaan. Adapun hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan jalan merupakan “jalan tengah” yang selaras dengan “ide kemajuan” yang sedang mengemuka di HindiaBelanda dalam konteks Zaman Baru (the New Colonial World). “Ide” yang meliputi ekspansi, efisiensi, dan kesejahteraan terdeteksi dari: (1) embrio jalan di pesisir telah berkembang sejak paruh kedua abad ke-19, (2) pengamanan dan pengawasan daerah-daerah pesisir yang merupakan area bekas pusat Perang Kongsi, (3) pengoptimalisasian lalu lintas ekonomi,dan (4) pengembangan jalan alternatif."

"Berisi tentang hukum dan peradilan pada zaman kolonial di Hindia Belanda (sekarang Indonesia) yang diterapkan sekitar tahun 1848 hingga tahun 1950 dan berpengaruh besar terhadap Republik Indonesia yang lahir di akhir periode tersebut."

"Masjid Cipari merupakan bangunan pada masa periode kolonial yang ada di kota Garut yang berasal dari awal abad 20 atau tepatnya tahun 1936 yang terelatak dikawasan Pesantren Cipari. Metode yang digunakan adalah membandingkan bangunan ini dengan bangunan yang memiliki arsitektur, fungsi dan masa yang sama. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa bangunan masjid ini memiliki berbagai macam bentuk gaya lokal dan asing yang ada pada bentuk bangunannya. Pengaruh unsur arsitektur kolonial pada bangunan ini lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan unsur lokalnya. Unsur arsitektur kolonial yang berpengaruh adalah nieuwe bouwen. Dengan demikian dari analisis diperoleh bahwa bangunan Masjid Cipari merupakan salah satu bangunan berarsitektur kolonial pada abad ke 20.

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Cipari mosque is a building during the colonial period in the city of Garut derived from the early 20th century, or rather the 1936 at Pesantren Cipari region. The method used is to compare this building with a building that has the architecture, functionality and the same period. Based on the results of the analysis can be seen that the building of this mosque has various forms of local and foreign styles that exist in the form of the building. Influenced by the colonial architecture in this building is more dominant than the local elements. Influential elements of colonial architecture is nieuwe bouwen. Thus from the analysis is that the building is a mosque Cipari buildings colonial architecture in the 20th century."

"Benteng Vredeburg merupakan salah satu bangunan tertua peninggalan masa kolonial Belanda di Indonesia yang dibangun pada abad ke-17. Bangunan Benteng Vredeburg termasuk kedalam bangunan bergaya kolonial yang belum disesuaikan dengan keadaan dan budaya setempat. Bangunan bergaya kolonial memiliki bentuk yang sama dengan negeri asalnya yaitu Belanda, hal tersebut dimaksudkan agar orang Belanda yang ada di Hindia Belanda betah sehingga mereka dapat mengobati rasa rindu mereka pada tanah airnya. Jurnal ini membahas tentang gaya bangunan kolonial Belanda yang terdapat pada Benteng Vredeburg, Yogyakarta dan bagaimana gaya tersebut dimunculkan dalam bangunan tersebut. Ciri khas bangunan kolonial pada bangunan ini terlihat pada bentuk bangunan, atap, tembok, dan elemen arsitektur lainnya seperti gevel, jendela, dan pilar.

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The Vredeburg Fortress is one of the old heritage buildings in Indonesia that was built in the 17th century by the Dutch. This building appertains to the colonial style that was not adapted to the situation and the local culture. The buildings that were built in the colonial style in Nederlands-Indië mostly have the same character to those in the Netherlands. The purpose was to make the Dutch civils could adjust to their surroundings and to treat their homesickness with their fatherland. This paper analyzes the colonial style in the Vredeburg Fortress, Yogyakarta and how that style is shown on the building. The characteristics of the colonial style on this building are represented in the form of roof, wall, and other architectural elements such as gevel, window, and column."

"As colonial Indonesia never was intended to be a “settler colony”, many Dutch citizens spent only a certain period of their lives there before returning to the Netherlands. However, there were also Europeans, many with Asian-European roots, who had called the colony home for generations and were forced to leave that home after 1945. All these different types of colonial migrants were displaced and maintained, built and reinforced their relations with the country (whether it was the colony or the “motherland”) they had left. This transnationalism (or, as I argue here, imperial orientation) took shape not only legally or relationally but also experientially (D. Ip, C. Inglis, and C.T. Wu 1997). In this article I show how, in both the colonial and post-colonial periods, objects helped European colonial migrants establish and maintain social relationships. Objects shaped identities and people’s status; bolstering increase migrants’ sense of “a continuous transnational self and identity”, a feeling of home, but also feelings of displacement. "