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"Disturbances caused by the conversion of rain forests into agricultural systems provide an opportunity for the expansion of Invasive Plant Species (IPS). Bukit Duabelas National Park is one of the few remaining lowland forests in Jambi Province (Sumatera, Indonesia). The surrounding areas up to the national park borders have already been converted into jungle rubber agroforests as well as rubber and oil palm plantations which might lead to an increased spread of IPS into the forest. This study was aimed at compiling a list of IPS and determining their distribution and coverage of IPS in four land use systems (rain forest jungle rubber, rubber and oil palm plantations). Spatial distribution patterns were investigated by creating a horizontal vegetation profile diagram for the permanent plots of the EFForTS project (Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems, http://www.uni-goettingen.de/crc990). The dominance of IPS was determined using Important Value Index. A total of forty IPS were identified across the four land-use systems. The numbers of IPS were the highest in oil palm (28 species) and rubber plantations (27 species), and the lowest in jungle rubber (10 species). IPS were absent in the lowland rain forest. The diversity of IPS was influenced by environmental factors, especially canopy openness. IPS with the highest ground coverage were Dicranopteris linearis and Clidemia hirta. Both of them were found in all three land-use systems outside the rain forest when the forest canopy opens due to illegal logging or other human disturbances. Therefore, reforestation of disturbed areas is recommended to prevent the spread of IPS."

"Species diversity is one of the most important indeces used for evaluating the sustainability of forest communities. This study aims to characterize the forest communities and to identify and compare the plant species diversity in the study area...."

"A land cover/land use classification is proposed covering most of the major features found in the Indonesian Archipelago. The classification is based on a complex set of criteria related to physiognomic, functional and ecological characteristics of the ecosystems. The open-ended, hierarchical classification is supplemented with the definitions of the classes. An attempt is then made to identify complexes of land use as an important step in the characterization of ecosystems. Spatial sequences or catena of land use types are recognized for Java and Sumatra. "

"Seven erodibility indices were tasted on various soils and various land-use types in West Java. Based on these data, the effect of land-use and soil condition on the various factors influencing soil erodibility are demonstrated. It is found that the indices are often not well related and reasons for this area discussed. It is concluded that with the present knowledge the K-factor seems to be the most reliable index, but its use should be restricted to soils with similar conditions as the American soils on which the index was developed."

"Halodule species is wedely distributed along the south and east coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. Sabah and sarawak Five locations were selected for the study based on different habitat characteristics ; sub-tidal shoal (Merambong-2 sites;Tg.Adang Laut-2sites) , coastal lagoon (Merchang-2 sites),inter-tidal beach front (Lawas-1 site) and reef atoll lagoon (Pulau Layang-layang-1 site) ....."

"Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. is an exotic species found in native remnant forest of GPNP which is located inside the Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG). Risk assessment is an important tool to choose best decision for invasive plant management. Risk assessment analysis on C. aurantiacum in Cibodas Botanic Garden was conducted using Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) used in the valuation process. Three sub-criteria used: minimizing the ecological impact, minimizing the management cost, and maximizing the public acceptance. Five management alternatives were used: do nothing (DN), eradication (E), containment (C), bio-control (BC) and harvesting (H). Harvesting (H) recommended as the best management decision for C. aurantiacumin at CBG remnant forest. This harvesting decision is not only creating environment/ ecosystem remediation but also as sources of fund in the management activity of the area."

"Pertambahan jumlah penduduk, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan peningkatan kualitas hidup merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kebutuhan energi listrik setiap tahunnya. Target bauran energi yang tertuang dalam perpres No. 5 Tahun 2006 mentargetkan sebesar 2 % dari total kebutuhan energi nasional di tahun 2025 akan bersumber dari energi nuklir. Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) selaku promotor untuk persiapan pembangunan PLTN telah membuat roadmap jangka panjang, dimana pada tahun 2024 di rencanakan PLTN dari pulau Bangka sudah masuk ke dalam sistem kelistrikan Sumatera. Untuk persiapan perencanaan sistem dan jaringan di Sumatera, dibuat simulasi dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP). Ada tiga asumsi dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pertumbuhan beban sebesar 10,2% pertahun hingga tahun 2024, penambahan PLTN dengan kapasitas 2x1000 MW di pulau Bangka, serta pembuatan sistem dan jaringan transmisi untuk penyaluran daya PLTN pada tegangan transmisi 150, 275 dan 500 kV.Hasil penelitian penyaluran daya PLTN yang optimal pada sub sistem kelistrikan terdekat dengan lokasi PLTN yaitu sub sistem sumatera selatan adalah melalui IBT Keramasan. Total susut daya sistem keseluruhan pada penyaluran ini adalah terendah yaitu 159 MW atau 1,667% . Sedangkan untuk perencanaan penyaluran daya PLTN yang optimal pada sistem interkoneksi Sumatera adalah melalui sub sistem Sumatera Utara yaitu IBT Seirotan dan Paya Geli. Nilai susut daya sistem keseluruhan adalah 157 MW atau 1,646 % , serta memberikan perbaikan kondisi tegangan kerja keseluruhan IBT sejumlah 43,4%.

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The Increasing of population, economic growth and improvement of living quality are the influenced main factor of the needs of annual electricity. Energy diffusion target on the regulation No. 5, 2006, says that 2 % of total national energy need come from nuclear energy in 2025. National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) as the promoter of the development Nuclear Power Plant, has made a long term roadmap, whereas in the year of 2024, Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) from Bangka Island will be injected to the Sumatera interconnection system. For the system and transmission planning preparation, the simulation has been made with Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) Software. The are three assumption in this research, 10,2 % annual load growth until 2024, enhancement of Nuclear Power Plant with 2 x 1000 MW capacity at Bangka island, and improvement of the system and transmission line to deliver the power from nuclear power plant on 150, 275 and 500 kV transmission line.

The research result gives that the optimum power distribution close to NPP is South Sumatera sub system through Interbus Transformer (IBT) Keramasan. The lowest total losses whole system of this distribution is 159 MW or 1,667 %. Meanwhile the optimization power distribution NPP for Sumatera interconnection grid is by north sumatera sub system through IBT Seirotan or Paya Geli. Total losses whole system of this distribution is 157 MW or 1,646%, and improvement total IBT condition voltage as many as 43,4 %."

"Exploitation on plant population may put the endemic plants into an endagered state, hence, these plants will need to be conserved. In order to pursue conservation on endemic plants, we conducted in vitro seed germination ..."