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"This article argues that the practice of agroforestry provides ecological contributions to the smallholder farmers cultivating in the watershed areas. Specifically, this farming system provides contribution to carbon sequestration potential of the woody perennials and the biodiversity conservation of the other components of the system.  This argument is based on the research conducted in Molawin-Dampalit Sub-Watershed, Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve in the Philippines and Way Betung Watershed in Indonesia. The research involved an interview session of 106 and 261 smallholder farmers and an assessment of 27 and 14 agroforesty plots for carbon stock assessment and biodiversity assessment, respectively. Results indicated that the total carbon found among the crop components was 52.32 MgC/ha in Molawin-Dampalit Sub-Watershed­ and 244.26 MgC/ha in Way Betung Watershed­, which suggested the high carbon sequestration potential of the woody perennials and understory crops in an agroforestry system. The farm lots being cultivated by the smallholder farmers were found to contribute to biodiversity conservation having a moderate biodiversity index of 2.59 and 2.53, respectively. With these findings, promotion of desired agroforestry systems in suitable portions of the watershed areas should be intensified and heightened to contribute to ecological balance across the landscape. Agroforestry should always be an integral part of all initiatives toward ecological restoration with the cultivators/smallholder farmers as potential partners. The agroforestry system should consider all the technical and socioeconomic considerations toward having diverse components and ensure food security among the smallholder farmers throughout the year."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian estimasi cadangan karbon pada vegetasi tegakan tiang dilakukan di Hutan Kota Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengestimasi cadangan karbon pada vegetasi tegakan tiang Hutan Kota UI, yang terbagi menjadi tiga zona yaitu Wales Barat, Wales Timur dan Vegetasi Alami. Selain itu, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui spesies dari vegetasi tegakan tiang yang menyimpan cadangan karbon terbesar. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-Desember 2017. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode nondestruktif. Jumlah plot yang digunakan adalah 75 plot, yang dibagi kedalam tiga zona, masing-masing 25 plot berukuran 10x10m. Nilai cadangan karbon tegakan tiang diperoleh dengan menghitung biomassa dari data lingkar batang tiang setinggi dada DBH. Penghitungan biomassa vegetasi tegakan tiang dilakukan dengan persamaan allometrik B = 0,11 D 2 0,62 Ketterings, dkk. 2001. Persamaan tersebut melibatkan berat jenis kayu tiap spesies yang didata. Rata-rata cadangan karbon vegetasi tegakan tiang di Hutan Kota UI adalah 11,505 ton/ha, dengan cadangan karbon terbesar pada Wales Timur 17,262 ton/ha dan terkecil pada Vegetasi Alami 6,876 ton/ha. Cadangan karbon rata-rata vegetasi tegakan tiang terbesar di Hutan Kota UI terdapat pada Hopea sp. Merawan dengan nilai 0,327 ton/ha.

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ABSTRACTThe study of carbon stock estimation on pole veget was done in the urban forest of Universitas Indonesia, Depok. The aims of this study are to estimate the carbon stock of pole stage in Urban Forest of Universitas Indonesia, which divided into three zones Wales Barat, Wales Timur and Vegetasi Alami. In addition, this study was conducted to determine species in pole stage that hold the largest carbon stock. The research was done in August December 2017 by non destructive method. The carbon stock value obtained from the biomass calculation based on poles diameter at breast height DBH. The Biomass calculation was done using an allometric equation B 0.11 D 2 0.62 Ketterings, et al., 2001. Allometric equation that used involves wood density of every species that found. Number of plots that used is 75, and then divided to 3 zones, 25 plots each with 10x10 m2 wide. The average of carbon stock value in Urban Forest of Universitas Indonesia is 11.505 ton ha, with Wales Timur have largest carbon stock 17.262 ton ha and Vegetasi Alami have smallest carbon stock 6.876 ton ha. Species of pole stage with largest average carbon stock in Urban Forest UI is Hopea sp. Merawan with 0,327 ton ha."

"Local chikens is one of the poultry wich is potential as meat and egg producer. In Indonesia local chiken population is distributed espicially in rural areas and commanly raised extensively or traditionally..."

"Integrated farming system between crops and animals has been practiced for along time by the farmers in Indonesia, espicially in the village

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"In order to investigate spatial and temporal variability of dissolved organic carbon 9DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) , several samples were collected from five estuaries,inner part and outer part of jakarta Bay...."

"ABSTRAKDAS Semangka di Provinsi Lampung memiliki potensi pengatur tata air, penyedia oksigen, dan cadangan karbon pada dua wilayah konservasi di dalamnya yaitu Taman Nasional dan Hutan Lindung. Potensi cadangan karbon berkurang dipengaruhi deforestasi pada wilayah konservasi. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini penting untuk mengetahui secara spasial dan temporal deforestasi dan cadangan karbon. Perhitungan cadangan karbon dan overlay klasifikasi tutupan lahan dengan Citra Landsat digunakan untuk analisis deforestasi serta penurunan cadangan karbon di wilayah konservasi dalam periode 1996 ndash; 2016. Penurunan cadangan karbon teritinggi DAS Semangka periode 1996 ndash; 2016 pada ketinggian 1.001-1.500 mdpl dan kelerengan 0-2 dengan penurunan cadangan karbon 26 jutaton.

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ABSTRACTSemangka Watershed in Lampung Province has potential as regulate water, oxygen providers, and carbon stocks in two conservation areas which are National Park and Protected Forest. The potential for carbon stocks had reduced due to deforestation in conservation areas. Therefore, this research was important to know deforestation and carbon stocks spatially and temporally. The calculation of carbon stocks and overlay of land cover classification with Landsat Imagery was used for deforestation analysis as well as decrease of carbon stock in conservation area from period 1996 ndash 2016. The highest decrease of carbon stocks in Semangka Watershed at an altitude of 1.001 1.500 masl and slopes 0 2 was 26 million carbon stock decrease in the period from 1996 2016."

"Di Indonesia, program reforma agraria telah diselenggarakan sejak tahun 1960 melalui Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Meski demikian, gerakan reforma agraria terlihat semakin masif sejak 2015 setelah pemerintah mengeluarkan program pendaftaran tanah sistematis lengkap. Studi ini mengkaji pengaruh perubahan status kepemilikan tanah terhadap produktivitas rumah tangga usaha tani padi di Indonesia, meskipun pengamatan terkait hak atas tanah dilakukan sebelum adanya program reforma agraria secara masif pada tahun 2015. Menggunakan metode two periode difference-in-differences (DID), penelitian ini menganalisis status kepemilikan tanah 686 rumah tangga usaha tani padi dalam survei longitudinal IFLS gelombang keempat (2007) dan kelima (2014). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam produktivitas usaha tani padi akibat perubahan status kepemilikan lahan dari weak land ownership menjadi strong land ownership atau legal pada rumah tangga petani padi di Indonesia. Setidaknya ada empat alasan yang diindikasikan menjadi penjelasan, pertama, kurang berkembangnya pasar tenaga kerja pertanian di Indonesia; kedua, pasar kredit usaha tani padi rendah; ketiga, lambatnya mekanisasi pertanian padi di Indonesia; dan keempat, transferabilitas aset tanah. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah setidaknya perlu meningkatkan aksesibilitas kredit formal dan mengintervensi langsung faktor produksi pertanian dengan memberikan hibah dan subsidi berupa bibit padi berkualitas, mekanisasi alat pertanian, dan perbaikan sarana irigasi.

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In Indonesia, the agrarian reform program has been organized since 1960 through Basic Agrarian Law Act. Nonetheless, agrarian reform movement looks more massive since 2015 after the government issue a complete systematic land registration program. This study examines the effect of changes in land ownership status on household productivity of rice farming in Indonesia, although the observations regarding land titling were held prior to the existence of the massive program of agrarian reform in 2015. Using the two-period difference-difference (DiD), this study analyzed the land ownership status of 686 rice farming households in the IFLS longitudinal survey in the fourth (2007) and fifth (2014) waves. The results show that there is no significant difference in the productivity of rice farming due to changes in land ownership status from weak land ownerhisp to strong or legal land ownership in rice farming households in Indonesia. There are at least four reasons that are indicated to be explanations, first, the underdeveloped agricultural labor market in Indonesia; second, the credit market for rice farming is low; third, the slow mechanization of paddy farming in Indonesia; and fourth, transferability of land assets. Therefore, the government at least needs to increase the accessibility of formal credit access and intervene directly in agricultural production factors by providing grants and subsidies in the form of quality rice seeds, agricultural mechanization tools, and improving irrigation facilities."

"ABSTRAKPekarangan adalah salah satu lanskap khas pedesaan, yang memiliki berbagai fungsi krusial. Pekarangan juga merupakan tempat konservasi berbagai sumberdaya hayati lokal. Pekarangan di Kecamatan Pujon telah mulai di kelola kembali sejak adanya kegiatan wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman vegetasi penyusun pekarangan di Kecamatan Pujon dan juga mendokumentasikan pengetahuan lokal mengenai manfaatnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-November 2018. Sebanyak 90 pekarangan telah dijadikan sampel. Terdiri dari 30 pekarangan di dekat sungai, 30 pekarangan di dekat akses jalan dan 30 pekarangan di dekat hutan. Pekarangan tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam tiga kategori ukuran yaitu besar, sedang dan kecil. Data diambil menggunakan wawancara terstruktur dan semi terstruktur terhadap pemilik pekarangan. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan statistika deskriptif untuk menggambarkan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat. Data tumbuhan dianalisis dengan menghitung Nilai Indeks Penting (INP), Indeks Shannon-Wiener, Indeks kesamaan dan ketidaksamaan. Data pengetahuan lokal dianalisis dengan menghitung nilai kepentingan lokal (Local Users Value Index, LUVI) dan nilai kultural (Index of Cultural Significance, ICS). Terdapat 5 lanskap di Kecamatan Pujon yaitu sawah, tanah tetelan, tegalan, pekarangan dan hutan. Pekarangan merupakan lanskap terpenting keempat dari kelima lanskap tersebut. Terdapat 13 kategori guna tanaman pada pekarangan di Kecamatan Pujon. Tiga belas kategori guna tersebut adalah pangan (PDM=13,3), sayuran (PDM=11,6), bumbu (PDM=9,4), buah (PDM=8,6), minuman (PDM=8,1), obat (PDM=7,9), pakan ternak (PDM=7,7), ornamental (PDM=7,6), papan (PDM=7,1), ritual (PDM=6,5), pagar (PDM=5,3), pewarna (PDM=4,6) dan tanaman pengganggu (2,3). Pekarangan di dekat sungai memiliki nilai INP paling tinggi, diikuti oleh pekarangan di dekat hutan dan pekarangan di dekat jalan. Berdasarkan Indeks Shannon-Wiener, keanekaragaman jenis tanaman pada pekarangan di Kecamatan Pujon termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang-tinggi. Indeks kesamaan antara pekarangan berdasarkan ukurannya, lebih kecil dari pada indeks ketidaksamannya. Sebanyak 39 tanaman yang terdiri dari 3 tanaman penting dalam masing-masing kategori telah dihitung nilai kulturalnya. Bagi masyarakat di Kecamatan Pujon tanaman yang memiliki nilai ICS tinggi adalah klopo (Cocos nucifera) (ICS=53,42) dan gedang (Musa x paradisiata) (ICS=45,83). Pekarangan di Kecamatan Pujon memiliki berbagai jenis tanaman yang berguna bagi pemiliknya. Pekarangan juga memberikan ecosystem services terhadap lingkungan disekitarnya.

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ABSTRACTHome garden is one of the rural traditional landscapes, which has various crucial functions. Home garden also a place to conserve various local resources. Home garden in Pujon Sub-district has begun to be managed again since the existence of tourism activities. This research was conducted in April-November 2019. In total 90 home gardens were sampled. It consists of 30 home gardens near the river, 30 home gardens near the road access and 30 home gardens near the forest. These home garden grouped into three categories there are large, medium and small sizes. Data was taken using structured and semi-structured interviews with the home garden owner. Data were analyzed qualitatively with descriptive statistics to analyze local knowledge. Vegetation data were analyze by calculating Important Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener indeks, simillarity and dissimilarity index. Local knowledge data were analyzed by calculating Index Cultural Significance (ICS), and Local User Value Index (LUVI). There are 5 landcapes in Pujon Sub-district there are, sawah, tanah tetelan, tegalan, home garden and forests. Home garden is the fourth important lanskap in Pujon Sub-district. There are 13 categories of plants used in the home garden in Pujon Sub-district. There are food (PDM = 13.3), vegetables (PDM = 11.6), spices and herbs (PDM = 9.4), fruit (PDM = 8.6), beverages (PDM = 8.1), medicinal plant (PDM = 7.9), fodder (PDM = 7.7), ornamental (PDM = 7.6), home material (PDM = 7.1), ritual and spiritual (PDM = 6.5), fence (PDM = 5.3), natural coloring for foods (PDM = 4.6) and weeds and grasses (2,3). Home garden near the river have hightest IVI, followed by home garden near the forest and home garden near the road. Based on Shannon-Wiener Index, the flora diversity of home garden In Pujon Subdistrict are medium-rich. Simillarity index between home garden based on their sizes, are smallest than the dissimilarity index. In total 39 plants have analyzed using ICS, its consist of 3 plant from each categories. For the people in Pujon Sub-district, the plants that have high ICS were klopo (Cocos nucifera) (ICS = 53.42) and gedang (Musa x paradisiata) (ICS = 45.83). Home garden in Pujon Subdistrict consist of many plant species that have important role for the owner. Home garden also provide ecosystem services for the environtment."