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"This book explores how the Quad Plus mechanism is set to reshape the global multilateral economic and security co-operations between Quad partner countries and the rest of the world.With the Quad partners – Australia, India, Japan and the United States – seeing deteriorating ties with China, the book provides a holistic understanding of the reasons why Quad Plus matters and what it means for the post-COVID Indo-Pacific and Asian order. It goes beyond the existing literature of the global Post-COVID reality and examines how Quad Plus can grow and find synergy with national and multilateral Indo-Pacific initiatives. The chapters analyze the mechanism’s uncharacteristic yet active approach of including countries like South Korea, Israel, Brazil, New Zealand and ASEAN/Vietnam for their successful handling of the pandemic crisis, thereby reshaping the new world’s geopolitical vision.A unique study focused solely on the intricacies and the broader dialogue of the ‘Quad Plus’ narrative, the book caters to strategic audiences as well as academics researching International Relations, Politics, and Indo-Pacific and Asian Studies."

"Peningkatan perhatian pada kawasan Asia memicu upaya tata kelola kawasan melalui konsep Indo-Pasifik. Di dalam diskursus Indo-Pasifik, Australia memiliki peran, status, dan kepentingan yang unik dan mendorongnya untuk mempromosikan konsep tersebut. Tinjauan literatur ini membahas dinamika interpretasi literatur akademik terhadap konsep Indo-Pasifik yang digunakan oleh Australia. Dengan metode taksonomi, tinjauan literatur ini mengidentifikasi interpretasi literatur akademik terhadap konsep Indo-Pasifik yang digunakan oleh Australia dapat dipetakan ke dalam tiga kelompok: interpretasi konsep Indo-Pasifik sebagai identitas Australia, sebagai strategi geopolitik Australia, dan sebagai pengaruh kebijakan investasi asing Australia. Tinjauan literatur ini menemukan bahwa konsep Indo-Pasifik yang digunakan oleh Australia paling banyak dibahas dalam literatur akademik sebagai penggambaran identitas Australia. Dalam pembahasannya, terdapat ragam pandangan yang bersifat Australia-sentris dan yang menolak sentralitas Australia dalam diskursus Indo-Pasifik. Tinjauan literatur ini juga menunjukkan bahwa Australia merupakan salah satu kekuatan di Indo-Pasifik dan telah mendapat perhatian dari akademisi dengan ragam interpretasinya. Tinjauan literatur ini melihat bahwa masih terdapat kekurangan dalam analisis efektivitas peran dan keterlibatan Australia di Indo-Pasifik serta kecenderungan literatur akademik untuk fokus pada aspek strategis dari konsep Indo-Pasifik. Dengan demikian, melalui tinjauan literatur yang telah dilakukan, tulisan ini dapat meningkatkan wawasan untuk penelitian lanjutan mengenai perkembangan konsep Indo-Pasifik serta analisis kebijakan luar negeri Australia.

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The increasing attention towards the Asian region has triggered efforts for regional governance through the Indo-Pacific concept. In developing the Indo-Pacific concept, Australia shows its unique role, status, and interest by actively promoting it. This literature review discusses academic interpretations of the Indo-Pacific concept used by Australia to enrich knowledge about the dynamics of the Indo-Pacific discourse and how Australia navigates the concept. Through the taxonomy method, this literature review identifies three common interpretations: the Indo-Pacific concept as Australia's identity, the Indo-Pacific concept as Australia's geopolitical strategy, and the Indo-Pacific concept as an influence on Australia's foreign investment policy. Through the conducted study, this review demonstrates that Australia is one of the powers in the Indo-Pacific and has attracted academic attention with diverse interpretations. This review finds that some literature shows Australia-centric views within the discussion, while others reject Australia's centrality in the Indo-Pacific. This literature review then argues that there still needs to be more examinations on the effectiveness of Australia's role and engagement in the Indo-Pacific alongside the economic aspects of the Indo-Pacific concept. Based on the literature reviewed, this paper can enhance insights for further research on the Indo-Pacific concept and the analysis of Australia's foreign policies."

"Semenjak masa pemerintahan Donald Trump, Amerika Serikat telah kehilangan keterikatannya dengan Kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Situasi ini dibarengi dengan masifnya ekspansi pengaruh Tiongkok di Kawasan, utamanya pada sektor ekonomi. Terpilihnya Joe Biden memunculkan harapan untuk kembalinya hubungan kuat ekonomi Amerika Serikat di Kawasan. Dalam mencapai visi ini, pemerintahan Joe Biden menciptakan Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF). Satu karakteristik unik yang hadir dalam kerangka kerja sama ini adalah Keputusan Amerika Serikat untuk meniadakan reduksi tarif. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis faktor internasional dan faktor domestik dengan menggunakan Realisme Neoklasik sebagai pisau analisis. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa IPEF merupakan usaha Joe Biden dalam merespons ketertinggalan pengaruh ekonomi Amerika Serikat di kawasan. Adapun karakteristiknya yang meniadakan reduksi tarif merupakan hasil intervensi dari persepsi Joe Biden yang mengedepankan middle class, desakan dari kelompok industri manufaktur dan kelompok buruh, serta kompleksitas pengesahan perjanjian perdagangan di legislatif akibat preseden yang ditinggalkan oleh Presiden Donald Trump.

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Since the administration of Donald Trump, the United States has lost its engagement with the Indo-Pacific region. This situation has coincided with China's extensive expansion of influence in the region, particularly in the economic sector. The election of Joe Biden has raised hopes for a resurgence of strong economic ties between the United States and the region. In pursuit of this vision, the Biden administration has introduced the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF). One unique characteristic of this cooperation framework is the United States' decision to eliminate tariff reductions. This essay will analyze the international and domestic factors influencing this decision. The Neoclassical Realism theory will serve as the analytical framework, arguing that the IPEF represents Biden's effort to address the United States' economic influence gap in the region. The decision to eliminate tariff reductions is seen as a result of Biden's perception prioritizing the middle class, pressure from manufacturing industry groups and labor unions, and the complexity of trade agreement ratification in the legislature due to precedents set by Donald Trump."

"Tulisan ini membahas perubahan kebijakan pertahanan Australia melalui 2020 Defence Strategic Update yang merumuskan strategi pertahanan Australia khususnya sebagai upaya menghadapi konflik persaingan strategis di Indo-Pasifik. Indo-Pasifik merupakan jalur maritim strategis yang sarat akan kepentingan bagi berbagai negara. Australia pun menjadi salah satu negara yang memiliki kepentingan baik secara strategis maupun ekonomi di wilayah tersebut. Namun, terjadinya konflik persaingan strategis antara Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok telah mengakibatkan terancamnya perdamaian dan keseimbangan kekuatan di kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Sebagai negara yang berada di kawasan Indo-Pasifik, menjadi penting bagi Australia untuk menjaga stabilitas di kawasan tersebut agar kepentingannya menjadi tidak terganggu. Dengan demikian, sebagai upaya untuk menghadapi tantangan keamanan yang terus berkembang tersebut Pemerintah Australia pun menerapkan strategi pertahanan baru yang bertujuan untuk memperkuat kemampuan Angkatan Pertahanan Australia/Australia Defence Force (ADF) melalui kebijakan pertahanan terbarunya, yakni 2020 Defence Strategic Update. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan studi pustaka, tulisan ini berupaya untuk menganalisis perubahan strategi pertahanan dalam 2020 Defence Strategic Update dengan menggunakan konsep negara middle power (kekuatan menengah) dan teori balance of power (keseimbangan kekuatan). Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah Australia sebagai negara dengan kekuatan menengah telah menerapkan berbagai strategi perimbangan kekuatan dalam upaya menjaga keseimbangan kekuatan di Indo-Pasifik. Secara internal strategi perimbangan kekuatan Australia dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kekuatan militernya. Kemudian, secara eksternal strategi perimbangan kekuatan Australia dilakukan dengan memperkuat hubungan aliansi dengan sekutunya, yakni Amerika Serikat, serta meningkatkan hubungan regional dengan negara-negara di kawasan Indo-Pasifik.

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This paper discusses changes in Australia's defense policy through the 2020 Defense Strategic Update which formulates Australia's defense strategy specifically as an effort to deal with strategic competitive conflicts in the Indo-Pacific. The Indo-Pacific is a strategic maritime route that is full of interests for various countries. Australia is also a country that has both strategic and economic interests in the region. However, the occurrence of a strategic competition conflict between the United States and China has resulted in threats to peace and the balance of power in the Indo-Pacific region. As a country in the Indo-Pacific region, it is important for Australia to maintain stability in the region so that its interests are not disturbed. Thus, as an effort to deal with the evolving security challenges, the Australian Government has implemented a new defense strategy aimed at strengthening the capabilities of the Australian Defense Force (ADF) through its newest defense policy, namely the 2020 Defense Strategic Update. By using qualitative research methods and literature, this paper seeks to analyze changes in defense strategy in the 2020 Defense Strategic Update using the concept of a middle power state and balance of power theory. The findings of this study are that Australia as a middle power country has implemented various power balance strategies in an effort to maintain the balance of power in the Indo-Pacific. Internally, Australia's balance of power strategy is carried out by increasing its military strength. Then, externally, Australia's balance of power strategy was carried out by strengthening alliance relations with its ally, namely the United States, as well as increasing regional relations with countries in the Indo-Pacific region."

"Indo-Pacific region is an area of concern for the world today, because of the power in politics, economics and military of the countries that are in this region. Security problems that occur in this region become the attention of the world and Indonesia felt it necessary to play an active role in establishing peace and security in the region. Therefore, through the former Minister of Foreign Affairs Marty Natalegawa, Indonesia proposed the idea of establishment an Indo-Pacific Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation for maintaining regional security. This article intends to determine the meaning and purpose of the idea of this treaty, as well as the prospects and problems in realizing them. In conclusion, the idea and the purpose of the establishment of Indo-Pacific Treaty is to create mechanisms to promote peaceful means and mutual trust without deployment of military force and harming other parties in the region. Although for now the prospect of realizing this idea is still small due to a number of problems facing, but this idea can still be realized in the future by using a strategy that has the support of other countries in the region."

"This book is composed of the Lancang-Mekong Subregional Industrial Park Cooperation Research International Report and the Greater Mekong Subregion International Dry Port Construction and Operation Construction. Introduction and analysis of the general situation, status quo, construction significance, problems faced, and development prospects of dry port construction and operation, to provide readers with reference to relevant decision-making departments."

"The book is a critical rethinking of the nature of the classical eastern Mediterranean exchange relations with the coasts of the Indian subcontinent. It examines in the light of the extant source material and theoretical insights whether the expression Indo-Roman trade is tenable. Characterizing the nature of contemporary exchanges in detail, the book maintains that the expression Indo-Roman trade is inappropriate. It starts off with the theoretical premise that the term trade, if applied uniformly to all kinds of transactions in time and place, will lead to many anachronistic correlations, causations, and generalizations about the nature of early forms of exchange. Contemporary Mediterranean exchange of goods from the eastern world was a combination of multiple forms of exchange in which trade was just one and confined to Rome. The management of this ensemble was a heavily collaborative, extensively networked, and document-based enterprise, with precise notions of weights, measures, rates of rent, interest, price and profit accounted in terms of money. It had necessitated a stratified society, aristocracy, state system, and the entailing political economy of demand for luxury goods from far-off lands. Considering that such institutional and social structures were absent in contemporaneous peninsular India, this book dismisses the claims in south Indian historiography that early Tamil chieftains conducted overseas commerce. Neither there existed adequate naval technology to allow merchant bodies to conduct independent overseas trade nor was it necessary."