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"Ketidakseimbangan asupan dan pengeluaran energi dapat menyebabkan terjadinya obesitas yang merupakan faktor risiko utama terjadinya noncommunicable disease (NCD). Latihan fisik dapat menurunkan berat badan penderita overweight dan obesitas melalui penekanan terhadap asupan makanan. HIIT merupakan salah satu bentuk latihan fisik yang dapat mempengaruhi regulasi asupan makanan melalui efek yang dikenal dengan exercise induced anorexia. Efek ini dapat dimediasi oleh IL-6 dan laktat yang meningkat setelah melakukan HIIT. IL-6 dan laktat bekerja secara langsung di hipotalamus untuk menurunkan sekresi AgRP yang merupakan neuropeptida oreksigenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh HIIT terhadap asupan makanan yang dilihat dari perubahan kadar IL-6, laktat, dan AgRP. Penelitian menggunakan bahan baku tersimpan (serum darah) dari penelitian payung yang dilakukan sebelumnya pada subjek laki-laki overweight yang diberikan HIIT selama 12 minggu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kadar IL-6 serum yang signifikan segera setelah HIIT di minggu ke-12 (p<0,05), peningkatan signifikan kadar laktat segera setelah HIIT di minggu ke-1 dan minggu ke-12 (p<0,05) serta ditemukan tidak ada perubahan kadar AgRP (p>0,05). Selain itu, juga tidak ditemukan korelasi antara IL-6 dan AgRP serta laktat dan AgRP. Dapat disimpulkan pelaksanaan HIIT selama 12 minggu belum dapat menekan asupan makanan jika ditinjau dari kadar IL-6, laktat, dan AgRP.

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Imbalance of energy intake and expenditure can induce obesity, a main risk factor of noncommunicable disease. Physical exercise can aid weight loss in overweight and obese patients by decreasing food intake. HIIT is a form of physical exercise that causes exercise-induced anorexia, which reduces food intake. This effect may be mediated by the increase of IL-6 and lactate following HIIT. IL-6 and lactate directly regulate the expression of AgRP, an orexigenic neuropeptide, in the hypothalamus. This study aims to investigate the effect of HIIT on food intake as seen from changes in IL-6, lactate, and AgRP. This study used blood serum from previous study conducted on overweight males who participated in HIIT for 12 weeks. This study showed a significant increased in serum IL-6 concentration immediately after HIIT at 12th week (p<0,05), a significant increased in serum lactate concentration immediately after HIIT at 1st and 12th week (p<0,05), and no change in AgRP concentration (p>0,05). In addition, no correlation was found between IL-6 and AgRP as well as lactate and AgRP. It can be concluded that the implementation of HIIT for 12 weeks has not been able to suppress food intake based on the concentration of IL-6, lactate, and AgRP"

"Obesitas dan berat badan berlebih memiliki dampak negatif pada fungsi kognitif. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya inflamasi sentral yang terjadi di otak. Latihan fisik yang sesuai dan efektif adalah salah satu solusi untuk mencegah dampak negatif dari obesitas. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) merupakan jenis olahraga efektif yang menggunakan intensitas tinggi dengan durasi yang singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh respon akut dan kronik dari HIIT terhadap fungsi kognitif yang ditinjau dari kadar BDNF, Irisin, dan uji fungsi kognitif (MoCA, Trail Making Test, N-Back). Penelitian ini menggunakan uji eksperimental pada 15 laki laki dewasa yang memiliki berat badan berlebih. Latihan HIIT akan dilakukan selama 12 minggu dengan frekuensi 3 kali setiap minggu, kemudian akan dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah dan uji fungsi kognitif pada minggu ke-1 dan minggu ke-12 latihan HIIT. Terdapat respon akut HIIT pada minggu ke-12 terhadap fungsi kognitif pada uji TMT-A, TMT-B, N-Back, serta terhadap peningkatan kadar irisin dan BDNF. Tidak terdapat respon kronik HIIT terhadap peningkatan pada uji fungsi kognitif, kadar irisin dan BDNF.

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Obesity and overweight have a negative impact on cognitive function. This is caused by a central inflammation that occurs in the brain. Appropriate and effective physical exercise is one of the solutions to prevent the negative effects of obesity. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is an effective type of exercise that uses high intensity for a short duration. The purpose of this study is to assess the acute and chronic effects of HIIT on cognitive function as measured by BDNF, Irisin, and cognitive function tests (MoCA, Trail Making Test, N-Back). This study applied an experimental test on 15 overweight adult males. HIIT exercises will be carried out for 12 weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week, then blood samples and cognitive function tests will be carried out in the 1st and 12th weeks of HIIT training. There was an acute HIIT response at week 12 to cognitive function on the TMT-A, TMT-B, N-Back tests, as well as to increased levels of irisin and BDNF. There was no chronic HIIT response to improvements in cognitive function tests, irisin levels and BDNF."

"Latar Belakang : Industri pemotongan batu memiliki potensi bahaya berupa debu batu yang dihasilkan dari proses pemotongan batu. Debu batu berpotensi besar masuk dan mengendap di saluran napas pekerja yang terpajan debu batu tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini ingin diketahui hubungan pajanan debu batu dan faktor lainnya dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Metode Penelitian : Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan analisis regresi logistik. Subjek penelitian diambil secara cluster sampling. Tingkat pajanan debu batu ditentukan dengan metode semikuantitatif dan faktor-faktor lainnya dengan kuesioner. Pemeriksaan fungsi paru dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat spirometer. Hasil : Subjek penelitian adalah 70 pekerja laki-laki industri pemotongan batu informal dengan masa kerja lebih dari 5 tahun. Sebanyak 21,4% subjek mengalami gangguan fungsi paru, dengan gangguan fungsi paru restriksi sebanyak 14,3% dan gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi sebanyak 7,1%. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan bermakna dengan gangguan fungsi paru adalah tingkat pajanan debu batu. Faktor umur, pendidikan, status gizi, kebiasaan olahraga, kebiasaan merokok, masa kerja, kebiasaan menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) dan penyediaan APD tidak memperlihatkan hubungan bermakna dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Subjek dengan tingkat pajanan debu batu tinggi mempunyai risiko 5,889 kali mengalami gangguan fungsi paru dibandingkan subjek dengan tingkat pajanan debu batu rendah [ odds rasio suaian (ORa) = 5,889; interval kepercayaan (CI) 95% = 1,436-24,153)]. Kesimpulan : Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pajanan debu batu dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Perlu dilakukan pengendalian terhadap pajanan debu batu untuk mencegah risiko gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja industri pemotongan batu.

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Background : Stone cutting industry have a potential hazard in stone dust resulted from stone cutting process. Stone dust has a significant potential to enter and settle inside exposed worker’s respiratory tract. This study aims to identify the relationship between stone dust exposure and other factors with lung function disorder.

Method : This study was a cross-sectional study with logistic regression analysis. Study’s subjects were taken with cluster sampling method. Level of stone dust exposure was determined by semi-quantitative method and the other factors were identified by a questionnaire. Lung function was tested with a spirometer.

Results : Study’s subject was 70 male informal stone cutting industry workers with more than 5 years of service. In this study, it was found that lung function disorders was 21.4%, which restrictive lung function disorder was 14.3% and the obstructive lung function disorder was 7.1%. Risk factor significantly related to lung function disorder was stone dust level of exposure. Age, education, nutritional status, exercise habit, smoking habit, length of employment, habit of using personal protective equipment (PPE) and provision of PPE showed no significant relationship with lung function disorder. Subjects with high level of stone dust exposure had 5.889 times the risk of lung function disorder compared to subjects with low level of stone dust exposure [adjusted odds ratio(ORa) = 5.889; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.436 - 24.153)].

Conclusion : The level of stone dust exposure significantly related to lung function disorder. Control measures are needed for stone dust exposure to prevent the risk of lung function disorder in stone cutting industry workers."

"Penyakit kardiovaskular menjadi masalah kesehatan global dan menempati urutan pertama penyebab kematian. Prevalensinya semakin meningkat seiring peningkatan faktor risiko diabetes melitus (DM), hipertensi, dislipidemia, dan merokok. Infark miokard akut (IMA) merupakan iskemia miokard yang disebabkan oleh ruptur plak arteri koroner yang menyebabkan trombosis dan oklusi. Upaya penanganan IMA dapat dilakukan dengan tindakan revaskularisasi, namun tindakan tersebut berpotensi menyebabkan cedera miokard ireversibel dan kematian kardiomiosit yang dikenal sebagai cedera iskemia reperfusi miokard. Mekanisme cedera iskemia reperfusi miokard menginduksi respons inflamasi yang memicu pembentukan inflamasom NLRP3 sehingga terjadi aktivasi kaspase-1 yang berperan pada maturasi dan pelepasan interleukin (IL)-18. Kolkisin merupakan obat antiinflamasi yang sederhana, murah, dengan masa kerja cepat yang dapat menghambat inflamasom, sehingga tidak terjadi aktivasi dan pelepasan IL-18. Penelitian mengenai efektivitas kolkisin terhadap penyakit kardiovaskular telah banyak dilakukan, namun penelitian mengenai perubahan kadar IL-18 pada pasien IMA belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan kadar IL-18 pada 48 jam pasca IKPP pada pasien IMA dengan elevasi segmen ST (EST) dengan pemberian kolkisin. Desain penelitian uji klinik tersamar ganda,  dengan total 60 pasien IMA-EST yang menjalani IKPP, terdiri dari 30 subjek kelompok kolkisin dan 30 subjek kelompok plasebo. Penurunan kadar IL-18 pada 48 jam pasca IKPP pada kelompok kolkisin lebih besar daripada kelompok plasebo, namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara keduanya. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan berbagai rentang waktu untuk menilai penurunannya. 

Kata Kunci : IMA-EST, cedera iskemia reperfusi miokard, IL-18, kolkisin, penurunan kadar

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Cardiovascular diseases have become a global health problem and are the leading cause of death. The prevalence is increasing due to the rise in risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is myocardial ischemia caused by the rupture of a coronary artery plaque, leading to thrombosis and occlusion. The management of AMI can be done through revascularization procedures, but these interventions have the potential to cause irreversible myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte death, known as ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury. The mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury induces an inflammatory response that triggers the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to caspase-1 activation involved in interleukin (IL)-18 maturation and release. Colchicine is a simple, inexpensive, fast-acting anti-inflammatory drug that can inhibit the inflammasome, thus preventing the activation and release of IL-18. Studies on the effectiveness of colchicine in cardiovascular diseases have been conducted extensively, but research on changes in IL-18 levels in AMI patients is limited. This study aims to assess the changes in IL-18 levels within 48 hours post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with colchicine. The study design is a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, involving a total of 60 STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, with 30 subjects in the colchicine group and 30 subjects in the placebo group. The reduction in IL-18 levels at 48 hours post-PPCI in the colchicine group was greater than in the placebo group, although no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Further research with different time intervals is needed to assess the extent of IL-18 reduction.

Keyword : STEMI, ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury, IL-18, colchicine, reduction levels"

"Penuaan mempengaruhi perubahan tubuh termasuk sistem muskuloskeletal. Penurunan yang terjadi dikarenakan berkurangnya massa otot, kekakuan jaringan penghubung, dan penurunan kepadatan tulang mengakibatkan kelambanan bergerak,gangguan keseimbangan, dan koordinasi gerak sehingga mudah jatuh. Jatuh berdampak secara fisik maupun psikis lansia. Sebagai intervensi risiko jatuh, latihan keseimbangan dapat dijadikan referensi latihan bagi lansia. Latihan keseimbangan meningkatkan kekuatan otot dan keseimbangan untuk mencegah tubuh jatuh. Latihan keseimbangan dilakukan setiap hari (11 pertemuan) dengan durasi 10 - 15 menit perhari. Sebelum latihan penulis malakukan skreaning MMSE, dilanjutkan dengan instrument skrining jatuh (MFS, BBT, dan TUG). Saat latihan peneliti akan melakukan pengukuran tanda vital sebelum dan sesudah latihan, pengkajian TUG, dan melakukan gerakan latihan keseimbangan. Latihan keseimbangan yang dilakukan rutin signifikan terhadap keseimbangan postural terlihat dari adanya perubahan dalam stepping, gaya berjalan mulai membaik, postur tubuh saat berjalan mulai tegak, peningkatan nilai BBT dari skor 46 menjadi 50, dan penurunan waktu TUG dari 14 detik menjadi rata – rata waktu 12,5 detik selama intervensi. Pelaksanaan intervensi memerlukan seorang pendamping yang bertugas mengawasi dan menjaga lansia agar tidak jatuh, sekaligus menciptakan perasaan aman bagi lansia saat latihan. Sangat disayangkan intervensi ini sulit dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dikarenakan kekurangan sumber daya serta petugas sosial dan perawat panti memiliki tugas dan kewajiban lainnya yang perlu dilakukan sehingga untuk melakukan intervensi latihan keseimbangan akan sulit terlaksana. Untuk itu saya menyarankan bagi mahasiswa yang berpraktik di panti untuk melanjutkan intervensi ini sebagai intervensi pencegahan risiko jatuh pada lansia yang terdapat di panti.

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Aging affects changes in the body including the musculoskeletal system. The decrease that occurs due to reduced muscle mass, stiffness of connective tissue, and decreased bone density results in sluggishness of movement, balance disorders, and coordination of motion so that it is easy to fall. Falls have a physical and psychological impact on the elderly. As a fall risk intervention, balance exercises can be used as an exercise reference for the elderly. Balance exercises improve muscle strength and balance to prevent the body from falling. Balance exercises are carried out every day (11 meetings) with a duration of 10-15 minutes per day. Before the exercise, the author conducted MMSE screening, followed by fall screening instruments (MFS, BBT, and TUG). During exercise, researchers will measure vital signs before and after exercise, assess TUG, and perform balance exercise movements. Balance exercises performed routinely are significant for postural balance as seen from changes in stepping, gait begins to improve, posture when walking begins to straighten, increases BBT scores from 46 to 50, and decreases TUG time from 14 seconds to an average time of 12. ,5 seconds during the intervention. Implementation of the intervention requires a companion who is in charge of supervising and keeping the elderly from falling, while creating a feeling of security for the elderly during exercise. It is unfortunate that this intervention is difficult to carry out in a sustainable manner due to lack of resources and social workers and nursing home nurses have other duties and obligations that need to be carried out so that it will be difficult to carry out balance training interventions. For that I suggest for students who practice in nursing homes to continue this intervention as an intervention to prevent the risk of falling for the elderly who are in nursing homes"

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) dilaporkan berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kejadian ulkus pedis dan amputasi pada diabetes melitus (DM). Namun, data mengenai hal tersebut masih terbatas termasuk di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh PGK terhadap kejadian ulkus pedis dan amputasi ekstremitas bawah dalam 3 tahun.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif pada DM berusia >18 tahun dengan menggunakan data sekunder di RSUP Fatmawati pada periode Januari – Desember 2016. Kesintasan terhadap ulkus pedis dan amputasi ekstremitas bawah berdasarkan LFG dihitung dan dianalisis melalui kurva Kaplan Meier. Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) dinilai dengan menggunakan analisis multivariate Cox proportional hazards. Hasil: Dari 204 subjek penelitian, 108 orang (52,9%) memiliki LFG > 60, 54 orang (26,5%) memiliki LFG 30-59, dan 42 orang (20,6%) memiliki LFG <30 ml/menit/1,73 m2. Kesintasan ulkus pedis dalam 3 tahun adalah 75,7% untuk LFG <30; 86,4% untuk LFG 30-59; dan 94,1% untuk LFG > 60 ml/menit/1,73 m2. Laju insidens ulkus pedis per 1000 orang per bulan adalah 7,98 untuk LFG <30; 4,08 untuk LFG 30-59; dan 1,61 untuk LFG >60 ml/menit/1,73m2. Pasien dengan LFG 30-59 dan LFG <30 ml/menit/1,73 m2 memiliki adjusted HR 1,36 (IK 95% 0,39-4,66) dan 4,39 (IK 95% 1,18-16,4) terhadap ulkus pedis dibandingkan dengan LFG > 60 ml/menit/1,73 m2. Tidak dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut pada luaran amputasi ekstremitas bawah karena tidak ada pasien yang mengalami luaran pada kelompok LFG >60 ml/menit/1,73 m2Kesimpulan: PGK mempengaruhi kejadian ulkus pedis dalam 3 tahun pada pasien DM dan risiko ulkus pedis dalam 3 tahun semakin meningkat seiring dengan semakin berat derajat PGK. Pengaruh PGK terhadap kejadian amputasi ekstremitas bawah masih belum dapat disimpulkan pada penelitian ini.

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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been reported associated with poor prognoses in foot ulcers and lower extremity amputation (LEA) in patients with diabetes melitus (DM). However, the study is still limited and never been done in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of CKD on foot ulcers and LEA in patients with diabetes.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in Internal Medicine out-patient clinic in Fatmawati General Hospital. All subjects were enrolled between January-December 2016 who had history of DM, age >18 years old and had a history of DM. Foot ulcer-free and amputation-free survival for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60, 30-59, and <30 ml/min/1,73 m2 were calculated and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was analalyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards. multivariate model.

Results: A total of 204 individuals were included: 108 (52,9%) in eGFR >60, 54 in eGFR 30-59, and 42 in eGFR <30 ml/min/1,73 m2. Foot ulcer free survival for patient with eGFR <30, 30-59, >60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were 75,7%; 86,4%; and 94,1% respectively. Unadjusted foot ulcer incidence rates per 1000 patients per month were 7,98 for eGFR <30; 4,08 for eGFR 30-59; and 1,61 for eGFR >60 ml/menit/1.73m2. For the development of foot ulcer compared with eGFR > 60 ml/min/ 1.73 m2, adjusted HR for patient with eGFR 30-59 ml/min/1.73 m2 was 1,36 (CI 95% 0,39-4,66) and for eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 was 4,39 (CI 95% 1,18-16,4). HR for LEA could not be analyzed because there were no patient who had been amputated after 3 years follow up in group eGFR >60 ml/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusion: CKD increased the risk of foot ulcer in 3 years among DM patients. The risk was increased concomitant with the severity of CKD. The impact of CKD on LEA could not be concluded in this study."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Berbagai material kaping pulpa berbahan dasar kalsium silikatterus dikembangkan, diantaranya semen berbasis kalsium silikat denganpenambahan steroid. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek penambahan steroid pada semenberbasis kalsium silikat terhadap viabilitas sel fibroblas. Metode: Sel fibroblasembrio ayam direndam dalam ekstrak larutan semen berbasis kalsium silikatdengan penambahan steroid dan MTA. Viabilitas sel dihitung dengan menggunakan uji MTT. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p ≤ 0,05)viabilitas sel pada kelompok semen berbasis kalsium silikat dengan penambahansteroid dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dan MTA. Kesimpulan: Penambahansteroid menurunkan viabilitas sel. Terdapat peningkatan pada 72 jam, yang menandakan terjadinya proliferasi sel.ABSTRACT Background: Calcium silicate based materials are being developed continuously,one of them is calcium silicate based cement containing steroid. Objective: Toanalyze the effect of steroid addition in calcium silicate based cement onfibroblast cells viability. Methods: Chicken embryonic fibroblast cells wereimmersed in extract solution of calcium silicate based cement containing steroidand MTA. Viability was analyzed by MTT Assay. Results: Significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) of viability on calcium silicate based cement containing steroid groupwas found, compared to control and MTA group. Conclusion: Steroid additiondecrease viability. There was an increase in 72 hours, marking cells proliferation.;Background: Calcium silicate based materials are being developed continuously,one of them is calcium silicate based cement containing steroid. Objective: Toanalyze the effect of steroid addition in calcium silicate based cement onfibroblast cells viability. Methods: Chicken embryonic fibroblast cells wereimmersed in extract solution of calcium silicate based cement containing steroidand MTA. Viability was analyzed by MTT Assay. Results: Significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) of viability on calcium silicate based cement containing steroid groupwas found, compared to control and MTA group. Conclusion: Steroid additiondecrease viability. There was an increase in 72 hours, marking cells proliferation.;Background: Calcium silicate based materials are being developed continuously,one of them is calcium silicate based cement containing steroid. Objective: Toanalyze the effect of steroid addition in calcium silicate based cement onfibroblast cells viability. Methods: Chicken embryonic fibroblast cells wereimmersed in extract solution of calcium silicate based cement containing steroidand MTA. Viability was analyzed by MTT Assay. Results: Significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) of viability on calcium silicate based cement containing steroid groupwas found, compared to control and MTA group. Conclusion: Steroid additiondecrease viability. There was an increase in 72 hours, marking cells proliferation."

"Latar belakang: Gangguan muskuloskeletal akibat kerja merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di tempat kerja dan memerlukan perhatian dan tindakan pencegahan untuk memastikan bahwa gangguan tersebut tidak mempengaruhi produktivitas kerja. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui karakteristik responden, mengetahui selisi gejala musculoskeletal disorder sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol, untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil gejala musculoskeletal disorder setelah perlakuan pada kedua kelompok. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimental dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest two groups design, Non-randomized control trial, control grup pre-test and post-test design.Hasil: Uji perbandingan sebelum dan sesuda perlakuan pada kelompok intervensi sebelum perlakukan mayoritas berada pada kategori sedang (91.7%), setelah perlakuan terdapat perubahan gejala ke kategori ringan (79.2%) dan sebelum perlakuan pada kelompok kontrol mayoritas kategori sedang (50.0%), setelah perlakuan terdapat perubahan kategori ringan (50%). uji Chi Square sebelum dan sesuadah pada kedua kelompok p (<0.005) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Hasil uji Perbandingan Setelah perlakuan pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol menunjukan mayoritas perubahan gejala musculoskeletal disorder dengan kategori ringan pada kelompok intervensi (79.2%) nilai p (0.012) p (<0.005) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Stretching exercise dan guided imagery signifikan mempengarhi perubahan gejala musculoskeletal disorder. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa terapi kombinasi stretching exercise dan guided imagery setelah perlakuan pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol signifikan mempengaruhi gejala musculoskeletal disorder. Sehingga perlu diaplikasikan ditempat kerja sebagai upaya promotif dan preventif untuk mencegah gajala musculoskeletal disorder.

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Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a major health problem in the workplace and require attention and preventive measures to ensure that these disorders do not affect work productivity.

The aim is to find out the characteristics of the respondents, to find out the differences in musculoskeletal disorder symptoms before and after treatment in the intervention group and the control group, to find out the comparison of the results of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms after treatment in the two groups.

This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with a pretest- posttest two groups design approach, non-randomized control trial, control group pre-test and post- test design.

The results of the study show that there is a difference in musculoskeletal disorder symptoms before and after treatment in the intervention group before treatment. the majority were in the moderate category (91.7%), after treatment there was a change in symptoms to the mild category (79.2%) and the majority of respondents in the control group before treatment were in the moderate category (50.0%), after treatment there was a change in the mild category (50%). Chi Square test before and after in both groups p (<0.005) there was a significant effect. Comparison of the results of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms after treatment in the intervention group and the control group shows that the majority of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms are in the mild category (79.2%) p value (0.012) p (<0.005) so it can be concluded that stretching exercise and guided imagery significantly influence changes in musculoskeletal symptoms disorders. This study shows that the combination therapy of stretching exercise and guided imagery after treatment in the intervention group and control group significantly affects the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders. This is because researchers did not examine further psychological factors such as anxiety, stress and respondents' pain responses, so further research needs to be carried out to understand the role of psychological factors in the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders.

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"Aspek metabolik komplikasi DM tipe 2, khususnya penyakit kardiovaskular, telah banyak dibahas, namun aspek imunometabolik masih terbatas, sehingga sangat penting untuk memahami peran sistem imun dalam perkembangan komplikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami peran subset monosit (CD14,CD16) dan mediator inflamasinya (IL-1β, IL-10) terhadap risiko penyakit kardiovaskular pada Pasien DM tipe 2. Subset monosit CD14, CD16 diperiksa menggunakan sampel kultur PBMC dan dianalisis menggunakan flow cytometry. Metode Multiplex Immunoassays digunakan untuk mengukur IL-1β, dan IL-10. Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan terdapat pola peningkatan subset monosit CD14+, CD16+ pada DM tipe 2, namun tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Peningkatan monosit CD14+,CD16+ lebih dari 6.8% berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Rasio mediator inflamasi IL-1β, sebelum dan sesudah stimulasi LPS secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada DM tipe 2 dibandingkan kontrol. Pada kondisi inflamasi, peningkatan IL-10 berespon terhadap stimulasi LPS, namun tidak mampu mengkompensasi peningkatan IL-1β, sehingga kecenderungan menjadi lebih hiperinflamasi pada DM tipe 2. Glukosa puasa merupakan penanda metabolik yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan monosit CD14+,CD16+.

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The metabolic aspects of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) complications, particularly cardiovascular disease, have been widely discussed, but the immunometabolic aspects are still limited, so it is critical to understand the role of the immune system in the development of complications. The objective of this study is to understand about the role of the monocyte subset (CD14,CD16) and its inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-10) in the risk of CVD in T2D. CD14, CD16 monocyte subset was examined using PBMC culture samples and analyzed using flow cytometry. The Multiplex Immunoassays method was used to measure IL-1β and IL-10. This study shows there is an increase in the CD14+, CD16+ monocyte subset in type 2 diabetes, but it is not significantly related. An increase in CD14+,CD16+ monocytes of more than 6.8% is associated with an increased risk of CVD. The ratio of the inflammatory mediator IL-1β to basal conditions and LPS stimulation was significantly higher in T2D than in controls. In inflammatory conditions, the increase in IL-10 responds to LPS stimulation, but it is unable to compensate for the increase in IL-1β in T2D, so the tendency becomes more hyperinflammatory in type 2 DM. Fasting glucose is a metabolic marker associated with an increase in CD14+,CD16+ monocytes"

"Perancah merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari suatu pekerjaan konstruksi, Pekerjaan perancah berkontribusi pada munculnya faktor risiko gangguan otot tulang rangka akibat kerja (gotrak) atau musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor risiko terjadinya gotrak pekerja perancah di PT X. Jenis penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan responden karyawan di PT X sebanyak 156 karyawan. Penilaian faktor risiko ergonomi di tempat kerja dilakukan dengan pendekatan penilaian tingkat risiko pekerjaan dan keluhan subjektif pekerja. Responden memberikan informasi karakteristik individu, risiko ergonomi menggunakan metode (Rapid Entire Body Assessment atau REBA) dengan hasil yang mencapai nilai tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Tingkat risiko ergonomi menunjukkan 66,23% responden termasuk kategori risiko tinggi dan 33,77 % responden termasuk kategori risiko rendah. Analisis keluhan gotrak pada pekerja menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map menghasilkan 3 keluhan tertinggi yaitu leher bahu dan tangan/pergelangan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko terjadinya Gotrak pekerja perancah di PT X pada gotrak 12 bulan yaitu usia ≥ 30 tahun OR 1,91(95% CI 1,37-3,25), masa kerja ≥ 10 tahun OR 2,42(95% CI 1,39-4,19), Jenis Pekerjaan perancah OR 8,77() (95% CI 3,93-19,55) dan Skor REBA tinggi OR 2,81 (95% CI 1,39-5,67). Sedangkan faktor risiko gotrak yang menyebabkan absen 12 bulan terakhir adalah usia ≥ 30 tahun OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.18-1.76), masa kerja ≥ 10 tahun OR 1.65 (95% CI 1.03-2.65), jenis pekerjaan perancah OR 10,98(95% CI 4,26-28,26), skor REBA tinggi 2,53(1,78-3,00), demands at work tinggi OR 1.65 (95% CI 1.02-2.51), work organization and job contents tinggi OR1.44 (95% CI 1.28-2.93), untuk faktor risiko 7 hari terakhir yaitu jenis pekerjaan perancah OR 2,79(95% CI 1,28-6,07), health and wellbeing rendah OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.09-1.84).

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Scaffolding is an inseparable part of a construction work. Scaffolding work contributes to the emergence of risk factors for skeletal muscle disorders due to work (gotrak) or musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of scaffolding at PT X. This type of research was crosssectional with 156 employees as respondents at PT X. Ergonomics risk factor assessment in the workplace is carried out with an approach to assessing the level of occupational risk and subjective complaints of workers. Respondents provided information on individual characteristics, ergonomic risks using the method (Rapid Entire Body Assessment or REBA) with the results achieving high and very high scores. The level of ergonomics risk shows that 66.23% of respondents are in the high risk category and 33.77% of the respondents are in the low risk category. The analysis of cough complaints on workers using the Nordic Body Map questionnaire resulted in the 3 highest complaints, namely neck, shoulders and hands/wrist. This study shows that the risk factors for the occurrence of Gotrak scaffold workers at PT X at 12 months old are age 30 years OR 1.91 (95% CI 1.37-3.25), working period 10 years OR 2.42 (95 % CI 1.39-4.19), awkward posture OR 6.24 (95% CI 2.40-16.21). While the risk factors for gotrak that caused the absence of the last 12 months are age 30 years OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.18-1.76), years of service ≥ 10 years OR 1.65 (95% CI 1.03-2.65), type of work OR 10.98 (95% CI 4.26- 28.26), REBA score 2.53 (1.78-3.00), demands at work OR 1.65 (95% CI 1.02-2.51), work organization and job contents OR1.44 (95% CI 1.28-2.93, for risk factors for the last 7 days, namely type of work OR 2.79 (95% CI 1.28-6.07), health and wellbeingOR 1.43 (95% CI 1.09-1.84)."