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"Pembangunan jalan tol tengah sangat gencar dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan pembangunannya pun sangat diutamakan, ditandai dengan status Proyek Strategis Nasional (PSN) yang mengawalnya. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mempercepat dan meningkatkan daya tarik adalah dengan menggunakan skema kontrak Contractor Full Pre-Fianance (CPF). Namun, di sisi lain skema kontrak CPF membebani kontraktor dengan risiko – risiko yang sebelumnya merupakan risiko pemilik proyek. Melalui pandapat pakar penelitian ini memvalidasi 22 indikator risiko yang terbagi ke dalam 5 kategori risiko (Politik, Ekonomi, Konstruksi, Kontrak, dan Manajemen Proyek) pada proyek jalan tol dengan skema CPF yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja biaya. Kemudian, diidentifikasi indikator – indikator risiko dominan melalui studi kasus item pekerjaan sisa pada Proyek Jalan Tol XYZ yang kemudian diketahui indikator risiko dominan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap tingkat Cost Overrun proyek sebesar 18,41%, 21,56%, 23,03%, dan 24,08% berdasarkan analisis PERT dan simulasi Monte Carlo pada confident level p = 80%, 90%, dan 95%. Untuk mengurangi tingkat risiko tersebut dilakukan strategi pelaksanaan yang diidentifikasi terdapat 16 tindakan preventif dan 13 tindakan korektif terhadap item pekerjaan “vital few” dengan potensi dapat mengurangi tingkat Cost Overrun proyek menjadi sebesar 11,01%, 13,28%, 14,46%, dan 15,35%.

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The construction of the toll road is currently being carried out very intensively by the government and its construction is also highly prioritized, marked by the status of the National Strategic Project (PSN) which oversees it. One of the efforts made to accelerate and increase attractiveness is to use the Contractor Full Pre-Fianance (CPF) scheme. However, on the other hand, the CPF contract scheme burdens the contractor with risks that were previously the risk of the project owner. Through expert opinion, this research validates 22 risk indicators which are divided into 5 risk categories (Politics, Economics, Construction, Contracts, and Project Management) in toll road projects with CPF schemes that affect cost performance. Then, the dominant risk indicators were identified through case studies of remaining work items on the XYZ Toll Road Project. It was later discovered that these dominant risk indicators had an effect on the project's Cost Overrun rate of 18.41%, 21.56%, 23.03%, and 24 .08% based on PERT analysis and Monte Carlo simulation at the confidence level p = 80%, 90%, and 95%. To reduce the level of risk, an implementation strategy was carried out which identified 16 preventive actions and 13 corrective actions for "vital few" work items with the potential to reduce the project's Cost Overrun rate to 11.01%, 13.28%, 14.46%, and 15.35%."

"The Influence of Contractors Involvement in Engineering Procurement Phase to Construction Project Cost Performance in IndonesiaThe structure of the construction industry is very complex due to the involvement of a wide range of contractors including main contractors, subcontractors and design consultant. The amount of participants in the actual construction process requires various relationships and joint combination often leading to lower levels of performance in construction projects. In Indonesia, there are many construction projects that are performed in a traditional manner, where designers and contractors are given work in separate contracts. Contractors generally get involved in the construction phase. After completing planning, design and specifications, the designer embarks on supervision in the construction phase. In 1986, The Construction Industry Institute, in Austin, USA, defined Constructability as the optimum use of construction knowledge and experience in planning, engineering, and procurement and construction field operations to achieve overall project objectives. This research was carried out in order to complete the requirement of Magister Program Curriculum in The Department of Civil Engineering, Postgraduate Program of The University of Indonesia. It is mainly aimed to investigate the relationship between the contractors personnel involvement in engineering and procurement phases with the construction project cost performance in Indonesia. Data of the research were obtained through questionnaires returned from contractor companies that performed many kinds of construction projects completed over the last decade between 1987-1997 in Indonesia. The method chosen for the research was a descriptive-analysis type relying on data compiled and verified from the samples of the construction projects. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis utilizing correlation and multiple regression to establish a model of the relationships. The final model after being subjected to the needed statistical tests provided clear evidence about the influence of constructability variables as in contractor personnel involvement in engineering and procurement phases to construction project cost performance in Indonesia The significant contractor personnel variables were found to be carefully assign appropriate construction personnel who has the required experience and team approach to the project team and make timely input to design to avoid the need for changes."

"Era globalisasi di Indonesia di mulai pada tahun 2003. Era globalisasi terjadi pada semua industri termasuk industri konstruksi. Perusahaan kontraktor sebagai salah satu pelaku dalam industri konstruksi harus segera mempersiapkan diri dan harus mengidentifikasi kesiapannya dengan mengetahui faktor-faktor internal (kekuatan dan kelemahan) dan eksternal (peluang dan ancaman) agar dapat bersaing dalam era globalisasi. Perusahaan kontraktor Indonesia harus mempersiapkan diri untuk menghadapi era globalisasi. Dengan menentukan parameter dari faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal dari kajian literatur, yang selanjutnya dengan metoda statistik, analisa faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal serta Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) maka akan dapat diketahui kondisi kesiapan perusahaan kontraktor Indonesia dan faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal yang dominan yang mempengaruhi kesiapan kontraktor Indonesia dalam era globalisasi.Dari hasil dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perusahaan kontraktor Indonesia tidak siap menghadapi persaingan pada era globalisasi dan ketidaksiapan terbesar terjadi dari sisi faktor internal kontraktor Indonesia. Untuk secara keseluruhan, faktor-faktor internal dan 'eksternal dominan yang menyebabkan ketidaksiapan adalah perencanaan visi dan misi perusahaan dalam jangka pendek, menengah dan panjang, kurangnya kepemilikan sertifikat ISO-9000, kurangnya pengalaman perusahaan dalam proyek internasional, terbatasnya jumlah sumber daya manusia perusahaan yang terampil, professional, dan tersertifikasi, kondisi ekonomi nasional Indonesia, lokasi pasar (proyek) di dalam negeri, kondisi stabilitas politik di Indonesia, lemahnya pelaksanaan aturan dan peraturan yang berubah-ubah, budaya KKN dalam tender di Indonesia, besarnya kredit bunga bank yang berlaku di Indonesia, dan kurangnya kebijakan kredit dan dukungan Pemerintah dengan pemberian kemudahan fasilitas kredit, asuransi dan lain-lain. Semua faktor ini harus diperbaiki untuk dapat meningkat persaingan pada era globalisasi.

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Era globalization in Indonesia started in 2003. Era globalization occurred to all industries included construction industry. Contractor company as one as doer in construction industry that must preparing itself as soon as possible and must identify preparing itself with to know internal (strengths and weakness) and external (opportunities and threats) factors in order to can competitive in era globalization. Indonesia contractor companies must prepare themselves to fight in era globalization. With determine parameters of internal and external factors from literature study, then with statistic, analysis internal and external factors and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) so the factors are able to will knew the condition of Indonesia contractor companies preparing and dominant internal and external factors that impact to Indonesia contractor companies in era globalization.

From research result can concluded that Indonesia contractor companies do not prepare in competition in era globalization and the biggest prepare less occurred from internal factors of Indonesia contractor companies section. For all of dominant internal and external factors that cause prepare less are planning of companies vision and mission in short, middle, and long time, ownership less of ISO 9000 certificate, experience less of companies in international project, limited sum human resources of companies that have experiences, professional and have certificate, condition of Indonesian economic, market (project) location in Indonesia. condition of Indonesian politic not stable, the weakness of implementation of regulation and regulation that changed, culture of corruption, collusion, and nepotism in Indonesian tender, high interest credit bank in Indonesia, and less of credit policy and government support in make facilities credit easier. insurance. etc. All of these factors must be improve to increase competition in era globalization."

"Proyek pengadaan barang dan jasa Pemerintah memiliki skala kompleksitas yang signifikan, mencakup risiko akan kinerja Kontraktor dalam memenuhi kewajiban kontrak terhadap Pemerintah. Alhasil, Pemerintah mewajibkan suatu jaminan untuk menjamin pelaksanaan pekerjaan oleh Kontraktor, yang salah satunya adalah Surety Bond. Skripsi ini membahas prinsip tanpa syarat dalam surety bond dengan penelitian untuk menganalsa: (1) akibat dan isu hukum yang timbul dari penerapan asas tanpa (2) bukti yang diperlukan dan beban pembuktian dalam proses klaim pencairan dan sengketa hukum yang timbul dari itu, dan untuk memperdalam telaah, Skripsi ini membahas Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 618K/Pdt/2019 untuk menggarisbawahi persoalan hukum isu hukum yang bersangkutan. Skripsi ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang menerapkan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencantuman prinsip tanpa syarat mengakibatkan pencairan surety bond terlepas dari situasi kerugian dan kewajiban untuk menandatangani perjanjian ganti rugi. Masalah hukum yang timbul berkaitan dengan kerentanan terhadap moral hazard dan kerugian terhadap posisi keuangan Principal. Keadaan merugikan Principal kian diperparah karena sifat sepihak dari bukti yang diperlukan dan beban pembuktian untuk klaim pencairan surety bond. Skripsi ini menyarankan penerapan prudential inspection dalam proses underwriting surety bond dan untuk merubah bukti-bukti yang diperlukan untuk klaim pencairan.

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scale of complexity, encompassing risks on the performance of the Contractor in fulfilling its contractual obligations beholden to the Government. Accordingly, the Government requires a form of guarantee to assure the performance of procurement work by the Contractor, one of which is Surety Bond. This thesis discusses the principle of unconditionality in surety bond with research objectives to analyze: (1) the legal consequences and impediments arising from the application of unconditional principle, (2) the required evidence and burden of proof in the process of claiming disbursement and the legal disputes arising thereof and to further provide insight, this thesis avails in the vivisection of Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 618 K/Pdt/2019 to underline the relevant legal issues. This thesis is a descriptive research implementing normative juridical methods. The results exhibit that the inclusion of unconditional principle results in the immediate disbursement of surety bond regardless of situation of loss and the subsequent obligation to sign indemnity agreement. The ensuing legal issues concern with the susceptibility to moral hazard and the principal's detrimental financial position. The detrimental position of the principal is further aggravated due to the unilateral nature of required evidence and burden of proof to claim surety bond disbursement. This thesis suggests the implementation of prudential inspection in the process of underwriting surety bond and to amend the required evidence to claim for disbursement."

"Berdasarkan data RPJMN tahun 2015-2019, realisasi pembangunan infrastruktur jalan tol di Indonesia mengalami keterlambatan sebesar 49% atau sepanjang 904 km dari rencana total. Salah satu penyebab keterlambatan adalah akibat dari faktor kelembagaan. Studi kasus pada penelitian ini adalah Pembangunan Jalan Tol Trans Sumatera (JTTS). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi serta melakukan pengembangan fungsi kelembagaan pada Pembangunan JTTS berdasarkan risiko yang paling dominan. Analisis risiko dilakukan berdasarkan fungsi, peran, tugas, dan tanggung jawab dari setiap stakeholder yang dilakukan pada Tahap Pendanaan, Tahap Perencanaan Teknik, dan Tahap Pelaksanaan Konstruksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan mengumpulkan data melalui survei kuesioner, selanjutnya diolah menggunakan metode statistik yaitu uji homogenitas, uji kecukupan data, uji validitas, dan uji reliabilitas, serta dilanjutkan dengan penilaian risiko menggunakan matriks risiko. Hasil dari analisis didapatkan 28 risiko yang paling dominan dari 20 stakeholder yang ada pada JTTS. Pengembangan fungsi kelembagaan dilakukan dengan merubah sistem pendanaan yang semula menggunakan pendanaan perusahaan (corporate finance) menjadi pendanaan proyek (project finance). Sehingga, dalam melaksanakan Pembangunan JTTS digunakan pendanaan yang didapatkan dari sponsor/investor. Sedangkan, anggaran Pemerintah dapat lebih difokuskan untuk membiayai pembebasan lahan.

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Based on the 2015-2019 RPJMN data, the realization of toll road infrastructure development in Indonesia experienced a delay of 49% or 904 km of the total plan. One of the causes of delays is the result of institutional factors. The case study in this research is the construction of the Trans Sumatra Toll Road (JTTS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate and develop institutional functions in JTTS development based on the most dominant risk. Risk analysis is carried out based on the functions, roles, duties, and responsibilities of each stakeholder which is carried out at the Funding Stage, Technical Planning Stage, and Construction Implementation Stage. This research was conducted by collecting data through a questionnaire survey, then processed using statistical methods, namely homogeneity test, data adequacy test, validity test, and reliability test, and continued with risk assessment using a risk matrix. The results of the analysis are 28 of the most dominant risks of the 20 stakeholders in JTTS. The development of institutional functions is carried out by changing the funding system which originally used corporate finance to become project finance. Thus, in carrying out the JTTS development, funding obtained from sponsors/investors is used. Meanwhile, the Government's budget can be more focused on financing the land acquisition."

"Pada realisasi pembangunan jalan tol Trans Sumatera terdapat kenaikan dari tahun ke tahun, laporan menyebutkan pada tahun 2019 pembiayaan proyek jalan tol Trans Sumatera adalah 169 miliar rupiah/km sedangkan pada tahun 2022 naik menjadi sebesar 203 miliar rupiah/km. Proyek jalan tol dengan skema penugasan mempunyai sifat yang kompleks dan juga bersifat dinamis. Namun di Indonesia penelitian mengenai risiko pembangunan jalan tol, risiko masih dijadikan suatu yang terpisah, Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis risiko menjadi satu sistem yang mempengaruhi kinerja biaya pembangunan jalan tol Trans Sumatera. Sebanyak 38 faktor risiko telah diidentifikasi. Melalui diagram sebab-akibat, tergambar bahwa beberapa faktor risiko terdampak dan penyebab untuk dibuat langkah korektif dan preventifnya. Dengan menggunakan model berbasis dinamika sistem dan pendekatan Rough Fuzzy DEMATEL, penelitian ini dapat mengeksplorasi hubungan antar faktor risiko dan mengidentifikasi pola yang signifikan dalam dinamika proyek. Studi kasus pada proyek jalan tol Indrapura-Kisaran menunjukkan potensi cost overrun sekitar 17-20%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa model dinamika sistem dengan pendekatan Rough Fuzzy DEMATEL memiliki potensi sebagai dasar dan alat yang efektif untuk proyek infrastruktur serupa di masa depan. Penerapan kebijakan khusus pada lima risiko dapat mengurangi risiko hingga 43-46%, menegaskan pentingnya pengelolaan risiko dan perencanaan yang matang dalam proyek infrastruktur skala besar.

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In the realization of the construction of the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road, there has been an increase from year to year. Reports indicate that in 2019, the financing of the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road project was 169 billion rupiahs per kilometer, while in 2022, it rose to 203 billion rupiahs per kilometer. The toll road project with an assignment scheme possesses complexity and dynamic characteristics. However, in Indonesia, research on the risks of toll road development still tends to be treated separately. The research aims to identify and analyze risks as a unified system influencing the cost performance of the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road construction. A total of 38 risk factors have been identified. Through a cause-and-effect diagram, it becomes evident which risk factors are affected and the root causes, allowing for the formulation of corrective and preventive measures. By employing a dynamic system-based model and the Rough Fuzzy DEMATEL approach, this research explores the relationships among risk factors and identifies significant patterns in the project's dynamics. A case study on the Indrapura-Kisaran toll road project reveals a potential cost overrun of approximately 17-20%. The study concludes that the dynamic system model with the Rough Fuzzy DEMATEL approach has the potential to serve as a foundation and effective tool for similar infrastructure projects in the future. The implementation of specific policies addressing the top five risks can reduce the overall risk by 43-46%, emphasizing the importance of effective risk management and thorough planning in large-scale infrastructure projects."

"Dokumen kontrak antara kontraktor dan pemilik proyek adalah pedoman dan pengendalian selama masa pelaksanaan konstruksi. Selama masa pelaksanaan, seringkali terjadi perubahan yang harus dilakukan karena ketidaksesuaian antara yang tertera dalam kontrak dengan kenyataan yang ditemui di lapangan. Oleh karena itu, pihak kontraktor berhak mengajukan klaim biaya sebagai kompensasi dari dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh perubahan tersebut. Skripsi ini meneliti kejadian yang menyebabkan kontraktor mengajukan klaim biaya ke pemilik proyek pada beberapa proyek gedung bertingkat di Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya klaim biaya dari kontraktor ke pemilik proyek berasal dari pemilik proyek, kebijakan pemerintah dalam bidang moneter, gambar kontrak yang tidak tepat, serta keadaan bawah tanah yang tak terlihat.

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Contract made by the contractors and project owners have a role as a guidance and control during the implementation of the construction. During the implementation, there are often changes that must be done because of the inconsistency between the written contract with the fact that in the field. Therefore, the contracting parties have the right make a claim cost as compensation from the impact caused by these changes. This essay examines the events are causing the contractor to make a claim the cost of the project owner on several highrise building project in Jakarta. Results of research show that the cause of the cost of a claim from the contractor to the project came from the owner himself, the government policy in the monetary regulation, the picture is not exactly a contract, and unforeseenable Condition."

"Indonesia merencanakan pembangunan jalan tol baru sepanjang 2.500 km berdasarkan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah tahun (RPJMN) 2020-2024, sepanjang 1.600 km (64%) adalah Jalan Tol Trans Sumatera (JTTS). Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) melalui Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol (BPJT) dalam surat Direktorat Jendral Bina Marga (DJBM) perihal “Pelaksanaan Konstruksi dengan metode Design and Build”.Metode Design and Build memiliki perbedaan dengan metode konvensional yaitu menjalankan fase perencanaan dan pelaksanaan secara bersamaan sehingga lebih efisien dalam penggunaan waktu. Hingga 2022 JTTS masih mengalami keterlambatan jadwal penyelesaian. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi tahapan metode Design and Build pada JTTS, untuk menilai risiko yang ada pada tahapan tersebut dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk risiko dominan penyebab keterlambatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu: pertama melakukan validasi 58 indikator keterlambatan yang didapat dari penelitian terdahulu dan diperoleh 53 variabel yang valid oleh para pakar; kedua menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 100 responden dan mendapatkan respon kembali sebanyak 60 respon, selanjutnya diolah dengan uji statistik homogenitas, kecukupan data, validitas dan reliabilitas, kemudian hasil uji statistik dilanjutkan dengan analisis kualitatif risiko dan didapatkan 37 indikator berisiko tinggi dan 16 indikator berisiko sedang; ketiga melakukan identifikasi pada 37 indikator berisiko tinggi diperoleh 5 indikator berisiko tinggi terbesar yang melibatkan beberapa pihak didalam proses, sehingga menjadi pilihan memerlukan rekomendasi. Adapun hasil rekomendasinya yaitu memberikan pelayanan terpadu satu pintu untuk proses pengadaan lahan, alokasi penjadwalan proyek terhadap risiko cuaca buruk, mekanisme pengesahan desain akhir menggunakan teknologi digitalisasi, memberikan waktu lebih untuk proses pengadaan (tender) dan terakhir membuat mekanisme khusus yang dilindungi hukum agar proses ganti rugi berjalan lancar.

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Indonesia plans to build a new 2,500 km toll road based on the 2020-2024 Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN), of which 1,600 km (64%) is the Trans Sumatra Toll Road (JTTS). The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) through the Toll Road Regulatory Agency (BPJT) in a letter from the Directorate General of Highways (DJBM) regarding "Construction Implementation using the Design and Build method". and implementation simultaneously so that it is more efficient in the use of time. Until 2022 JTTS is still experiencing delays in the completion schedule. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the stages of the Design and Build method in JTTS, to assess the risks that exist at these stages and provide recommendations for the dominant risk that causes delays. This research was conducted in several stages, namely: first, validate 58 indicators of delay obtained from previous research and obtained 53 valid variables by experts; secondly, distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents and getting 60 responses back, then processed by statistical tests of homogeneity, data adequacy, validity and reliability, then statistical test results followed by qualitative analysis of risk and obtained 37 high-risk indicators and 16 moderate-risk indicators; thirdly, identifying 37 high-risk indicators and obtaining the 5 largest high-risk indicators involving several parties in the process, so that being an option requires recommendations. The results of the recommendations are providing one-stop integrated services for the land acquisition process, allocation of project scheduling against the risk of bad weather, the final design approval mechanism using digitalized technology, giving more time for the procurement process (tender) and finally creating a special mechanism that is protected by law so the compensation process is going well."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang penentuan standar kriteria evaluasi teknis pemilihan kontraktor jasa keamanan, di salah satu perusahaan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia.Terdapat 4 kriteria yang digunakan di dalam evaluasi, yaitu: personil kunci, rencana pelaksanaan jasa, kinerja pengamanan dan program HES (Health, Environment & Safety). Metode yang digunakan adalah Analytic Network Process (ANP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pengamanan mendapatkan bobot tertinggi, diikuti dengan personil kunci, rencana pelaksanaan jasa dan program HES dan subkriteria yang paling berpengaruh adalah konsultansi security.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis discusses about the determination of technical evaluation standard of criteria of security contractor selection in oil and gas company in Indonesia. There are 4 criteria proposed which are: key personnel, work planning, performance of work and HES (Health, Environment & Safety) program. The method used is Analytic Network Process (ANP). The result of this study shows that performance of work got the highest weight, followed consecutively by key personnel, work planning and HES program; while the most influential sub criteria is security consultation."