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"Kanker paru-paru menduduki posisi ketiga jenis kanker tertinggi di Indonesia. Nyeri kanker adalah salah satu gejala paling umum yang terjadi pada pasien kanker. Pemberian opioid sebagai pereda nyeri memiliki banyak efek samping yang dapat bersifat fatal seiring meningkatnya dosis opioid. Oleh sebab itu, alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengombinasikan adjuvan pada terapi opioid. Gabapentin adalah antikonvulsan yang sering dipakai sebagai adjuvan terapi opioid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian gabapentin sebagai adjuvan opioid terhadap dosis opioid dan intensitas nyeri kanker pada pasien kanker paru-paru. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh untuk kelompok terapi opioid adalah 43 pasien dan jumlah sampel yang diperoleh untuk kelompok opioid dengan gabapentin adalah 34 pasien. Tidak menemukan adanya perbedaan dosis opioid dan intensitas nyeri yang signifikan antara kelompok pasien yang menerima opioid saja dan yang menerima opioid dengan gabapentin. Mayoritas pasien (44,15%) dari keseluruhan pasien mengalami bebas nyeri pada akhir terapi. 79,06% pasien yang diterapi dengan opioid dan 88,24% pasien pada kelompok opioid dengan gabapentin mengalami penurunan intensitas nyeri > 50% pada akhir terapi. Peran gabapentin dalam menurunkan dosis opioid dan menurunkan intensitas nyeri pasien kanker paru-paru masih perlu diteliti lebih lanjut.

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Lung cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in Indonesia. Cancer pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by cancer patients. Opioids as treatment of cancer pain has numerous adverse effects which may be fatal along with the increase of its doses. Therefore, combining opioids with its adjuvant serves as an alternative to minimize its negative effects. This study aims to determine the effects of gabapentin as opioid adjuvant on opioid dose and pain intensity in lung cancer patients. The sample size obtained for the opioid group is 43 patients and 34 for the opioid with gabapentin group. No significant difference of opioid dose and pain intensity between patients who received opioid and patients who received opioid with gabapentin. The majority of patients (44,15%) of all included patients are pain-free at the end of their therapy. 79,06% of patients with opioid therapy and 88,24% patients with opioid and gabapentin have a > 50% decrease of pain intensity at the end of their therapy. The role of gabapentin in decreasing opioid dose and pain intensity in lung cancer patients need to be studied further."

"Latar Belakang Kanker nasofaring menduduki peringkat keempat kanker terbanyak di Indonesia. Di antara gejala-gejalanya, sakit kepala sering dilaporkan dan terkadang menjadi satu- satunya keluhan. Opioid telah lama menjadi pendekatan utama untuk mengatasi nyeri kanker neuropatik; namun efektivitasnya sering kali dianggap kurang optimal. Akibatnya, obat-obatan tambahan, termasuk Gabapentin, sering kali diintegrasikan ke dalam rejimen pengobatan untuk meningkatkan manajemen nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kemanjuran terapi opioid saja dan terapi kombinasi dalam pengobatan nyeri kanker. Metode Sebuah studi kohort retrospektif dilakukan dengan meninjau rekam medis dari dua rumah sakit di Jakarta, Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencakup sampel 139 pasien yang didiagnosis menderita kanker nasofaring. Ekstraksi data meliputi demografi pasien, resep opioid awal dan akhir, intensitas nyeri awal dan akhir yang dinilai dengan Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), jenis kanker nasofaring, dan peresepan gabapentin. Hasil Analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam rata-rata penurunan NRS. Pasien dalam kelompok terapi kombinasi, termasuk gabapentin sebagai bahan pembantu, mengalami penurunan rata-rata skor Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) sebesar 2,141, sedangkan pasien pada kelompok opioid saja mengalami penurunan rata-rata skor NRS sebesar 0,894. Kesimpulan Studi ini menyoroti penurunan signifikan secara statistik pada rata-rata skor NRS, yang menegaskan potensi kemanjuran gabapentin sebagai bahan tambahan opioid dalam mengurangi nyeri kanker di antara pasien kanker nasofaring.

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Introduction Nasopharyngeal cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer in Indonesia. Among its symptoms, headaches are frequently reported and, at times, can be the sole complaint. Opioids have long been the primary approach to managing neuropathic cancer pain; nonetheless, their effectiveness is often considered suboptimal. As a result, adjuvant medications, including Gabapentin, are frequently integrated into treatment regimens to augment pain management. This study aims to compare the efficacy of opioid-only and combination therapy in the treatment of cancer pain. Method A retrospective cohort study was undertaken by reviewing medical records from two hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study encompassed a sample of 139 patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer. Data extraction included patient demographics, initial and final opioid prescriptions, initial and final pain intensity assessed by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), type of nasopharyngeal cancer, and the prescription of gabapentin. Results Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference in mean NRS reduction. Patients in the combination therapy group, including gabapentin as an adjuvant, experienced a mean reduction of 2.141 in Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores, while those in the opioid-only group had a mean reduction of 0.894 in NRS scores. Conclusion The study highlighted the statistically significant reduction in mean NRS scores, affirming the potential efficacy of gabapentin as an adjuvant to opioids in alleviating cancer pain among nasopharyngeal cancer patients."

"Kanker payudara adalah kanker dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Indonesia. Dengan prevalensi sebesar 30–50%, nyeri kanker adalah salah satu komplikasi kanker tersering yang dapat menurunkan mutu hidup penderitanya. Nyeri kanker, yang merupakan sejenis nyeri campuran, dapat diakibatkan oleh perjalanan penyakit atau terapi antikanker. Umumnya nyeri kanker ditangani dengan pemberian opioid dengan/tanpa adjuvan. Namun, opioid memiliki efek samping yang bersifat dose-dependent sehingga penggunaannya harus tepat guna agar memaksimalkan manfaatnya sekaligus meminimalisasi risikonya. Studi ini meneliti efek dari pemberian adjuvan gabapentin terhadap intensitas nyeri dan dosis opioid pasien dengan nyeri kanker payudara. Data rekam medis dari 58 pasien dengan nyeri kanker payudara dari dua rumah sakit rujukan di Jakarta diinklusi untuk studi kohort retrospektif ini. Data yang diambil meliputi profil klinis pasien, derajat nyeri, dan dosis opioid. Analisis statistik tidak menemukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan dalam median intensitas nyeri maupun median dosis opioid antara kelompok pasien dengan nyeri kanker payudara yang menerima adjuvan gabapentin dengan yang tidak. Masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menentukan peran gabapentin sebagai adjuvan dalam tata laksana nyeri kanker. Penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk memperbanyak jumlah pasien dan mengendalikan faktor-faktor perancu seperti status opioid dan pemberian adjuvan lain.

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Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in Indonesia. With a prevalence of 30–50%, cancer pain is a frequent complication of cancer which may lower patient quality of life. Cancer pain, a type of mixed pain, may develop from cancer progression or anticancer therapy. Opioids with/without adjuvants are usually administered to manage cancer pain. However, opioids are associated with dose-dependent side effects. Hence, the administration of opioids should be efficient to maximize benefit and minimize risks. This research studied the effect of adjuvant gabapentin administration on the severity of pain and opioid dose of patients with breast cancer pain. This retrospective cohort study included medical records from 58 patients with breast cancer pain from two tertiary hospital in Jakarta. Patients’ clinical profile, pain severity level, and opioid doses were collected. Statistical analyses did not find a significant difference in median pain severity level and median opioid dose between patients with breast cancer pain who received gabapentin and those who do not. Further research is warranted to determine the role of gabapentin as adjuvant in the management of cancer pain. Future studies should increase the sample size and control confounders such as opioid status and the administration of other adjuvants."

"Efusi pleura ganas (EPG) sebagai bentuk perluasan dari keganasan sering muncul pada penderita kanker paru, mempersulit penatalaksanaan kanker paru, dan membuat prognosis pasien memburuk dengan rerata angka ketahanan hidup 6 bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat karakteristik dan ketahanan hidup pasien kanker paru dengan EPG di RS Kanker Dharmais Jakarta tahun 2009-2013. Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort longitudinal dengan analisis univariat dan ketahanan hidup. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pasien kanker paru dengan EPG (stadium IIIB atau IV) dari metastasis kanker paru berdasarkan pemeriksaan sitologi atau biopsi dan memiliki rekam medik lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata umur pasien adalah 58,73 tahun, berjenis kelamin laki-laki, tidak merokok, dan status pekerjaan terbanyak adalah pensiunan. Mayoritas pasien mengeluhkan gangguan respirasi saat pertama berobat, memiliki jenis sel kanker adenokarsinoma, sudah mencapai stadium IV, dan lokasi efusi berada di paru-paru kanan. Sekitar 68.5% pasien bertahan hidup 6 bulan setelah diagnosis dan median survival adalah 12,5 bulan. Diharapkan ada KIE bagi masyarakat, terutama terkait kebiasaan merokok dan ditujukan untuk populasi berisiko, mengenai kanker paru untuk mengurangi jumlah pasien yang baru berobat setelah kanker mencapai stadium lanjut.

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Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) often appears in patients with lung cancer and deteroriates prognosis of patients with mean survival rate of 6 months. This study aims to look at the characteristics and survival of lung cancer patients with MPE (stage IIIB or IV) at Dharmais Cancer Hospital Jakarta in 2009-2013. Study design was longitudinal cohort with univariate and survival analysis. Sample was lung cancer patients with metastatic MPE based on cytology test or biopsy with complete medical record.

Results showed average age of patients was 58.73; most were male, nonsmoker, and pensioner. Majority of patients had respiratory disorder, adenocarcinoma cancer type, reached stage IV, and effusion in the right lung. Approximately 68.5% of patients surviving 6 months after diagnosis and median survival were 12.5 months. IEC is needed for community; especially population with lung cancer risk, to help reducing number of new patients seeking treatment after cancer reaches advanced stage."

"Gangguan yang paling sering dikeluhkan oleh pasien kanker paru adalah adanya kesulitan bernapas dan kecemasan yang menyebabkan pasien menjadi tidak relaks.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh program latihan pursed lip breathing (PLB) dan Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) terhadap peningkatan saturasi oksigenasi dan tingkat relaksasi pada pasien kanker paru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi eksperiment dengan desain pre dan post test without control group. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 19 orang. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu oksimetri nadi untuk menilai saturasi oksigen dan lembar monitoring subjektif dan objektif untuk menilai tingkat relaksasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai saturasi oksigen sebelum dan sesudah latihan PLB dan PMR (p value < 0,05) dan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat relaksasi sebelum dan sesudah latihan PLB dan PMR (p value < 0,05). Hasil analisis multivariate didapatkan bahwa usia menjadi prediktor terhadap peningkatan saturasi oksigen.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa latihan PLB dan PMR dapat meningkatkan saturasi oksigen dan tingkat relaksasi sebagai terapi komplementer pendamping terapi oksigen standar. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya terapi pengaturan napas dan teknik relaksasi untuk meningkatkan saturasi oksigen dan tingkat relaksasi pada pasien kanker paru stadium III dan IV.

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The most common symptoms in lung cancer are dyspnea and anxiety that cause patients restlessness.

This study aimed to find out the influence of PLB and PMR training program on the increase oxygen saturation and relaxation level in patients with lung cancer. This study employed a Quasy Experiment with pre test and post test without control group. There were 19 participants in this study. The instruments used were pulse oxymetry to measure oxygen saturation and monitoring form to measure subjective and objective relaxation level.

The results show that there is a significant difference on oxygen saturation before and after PLB and PMR training program (p value < 0,05) and a significant difference on relaxation level before and after PLB and PMR training program (p value < 0,05). A Multivariate analysis shows that age becomes a strong predictor of oxygen saturation.

This study concludes that PLB and PMR training program apllied to patient with lung cancer increases oxygen saturation and relaxation level as a complementary therapyalong with oxygen standart therapy. This study sugests breathing and relaxation training program to increase oxygen saturation and relaxation level for patient with lung cancer at grade III and IV."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluanPenyakit infeksi paru dan kanker paru termasuk 5 penyakit respirasi terbanyak ditemukan di dunia. Infeksi pernapasan akut menyebabkan 4 juta kematian per tahun dan kanker paru sebanyak 1,18 juta kematian secara terpisah. Penyakit infeksi juga merupakan bagian dari perjalanan penyakit kanker paru dan menjadi salah saru penyebab kematian tersering pada kanker paru berkisar 50-70% kasus. Tren munculnya patogen baru dan meningkatnya angka resistensi obat menyebabkan penanganan infeksi ini menjadi lebih sulit.Metode Studi deskriptif potong lintang pada pasien kanker paru yang dilakukan bilasan bronkus dan diperiksakan biakan mikroorganisme dari bahan bilasan tersebut. Jumlah sampel adalah total sampling dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan di SMF Paru RSUP Persahabatan.HasilBakteri yang banyak ditemukan pada pasien kanker paru merupakan golongan gram negatif dengan species terbanyak adalah K. pneumonia dan B. cephacia. Ditemukan resistensi obat pada hampir semua jenis bakteri dan minimal dari 2 golongan antibiotik. Jenis jamur yang terbanyak dari genus Candida yaitu C. Albicans. Ditemukan resistensi obat anti jamur golongan azol pada species C. tropicalis, C. krusei dan A. Flavus. Hanya ditemukan 2 pasien kanker paru dengan biakan M. tuberculosis positif dari 108 pasien yang diperiksa dan tidak ditemukan resistensi obat anti tuberkulosis (OAT) lini pertama.KesimpulanPemeriksaan jenis mikroorganisme pada saluran napas bawah pasien kanker paru perlu dilakukan sebagai dasar pemberian terapi empiris bila terjadi infeksiIntroduction: Lung infections and lung cancer include in 5 most common respiratory diseases in the world. Acute respiratory infection and lung cancer caused 4 million deaths per year and 1.18 million deaths respectively. Infectious diseases are part natural course of lung cancers and become one of the most common causes of death in lung cancer patients ranging from 50-70%. The emergence of new pathogens and the increasing numbers of drug resistance causing infections treatment become more difficult. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study obtaining cultured microorganisms results in lung cancer patients who have been performed bronchial washings. These have been a total sampling within a period of 1 year. Research has been conducted in the Department of Pulmonology Persahabatan Hospital. Result: Most common bacteria type found in lung cancer patients belong to gram-negative group with K. pneumoniae and B. cepacia as the most common species. Drug resistance found in most of bacteria from at least two classes of antibiotics. Most common types of fungi come from Candida genus, namely C. albicans. Drugs resistance in antifungal drug, azole, was found in C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. Only 2 lung cancer patients had M. tuberculosis positif culture from 108 patients were examined and first line anti-tuberculosis drugs resistance was not found. Conclusion: Microorganism culture obtained from lower respiratory tract in lung cancer patient is neccesary as basis of empiric therapy when infection occurs"

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kasus baru dan kematian kanker paru semakin meningkat. Rokok tembakau sangat berperan tetapi hanya 15% yang menderita kanker paru. Oleh karena itu faktor genetik diduga berperan pada kanker paru. Penelitian-penelitian kohort selama ini menunjukan hubungan bermakna risiko kanker paru dengan riwayat kanker di keluarga. Tujuan: Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan proporsi subjek kanker paru dengan riwayat kanker pada keluarga.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi observasi deskriptif potong lintang dengan subjek kanker paru yang berobat jalan maupun inap di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta 1 Januari 2013 sampai 31 Mei 2015.Hasil: Subjek penelitian 380 dengan komposisi laki-laki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan (72,9% banding 27,1%) dengan median 56 tahun dan nilai minimum dan maksimum 20-86 (66) tahun. Sebanyak 65.3% subjek adalah perokok. Dari total subjek yang merokok, 33,2% termasuk perokok dengan Indeks Brickman (IB) sedang. Jenis sel kanker terbanyak adalah masuk kelompok Kanker Paru Karsinoma Bukan Sel Kecil (KPKBSK) yaitu adenokarsinoma 73,4%. Sebagian besar subjek terdiagnosis pada stage lanjut baik pada kelompok KPKBSK maupun Kanker Paru Karsinoma Sel Kecil (KPKSK). Proporsi subjek dengan riwayat kanker keluarga sebesar 8,2% dengan subjek laki-laki lebih besar dibandingkan perempuan (5,8% dibandingkan 2,4%). Nilai minimum-maksimum usia 35-72 tahun, median 55 tahun. Subjek yang merokok hanya ditemukan pada laki-laki sebanyak 71% dan jenis kanker terbanyak adenokarsinoma 71%. Hubungan keluarga 1 orang lebih banyak ditemukan dibandingkan lebih 1 orang (64,4% banding 35,6%) dengan dominasi ayah (25,8%). Jenis kanker keluarga paling banyak bukan kanker paru dibandingkan kanker paru (85,4% banding 14,6%). Kesimpulan: Proporsi subjek kanker paru dengan riwayat kanker pada keluarga adalah 8,2%. Subjek dengan 1 anggota keluarga yang memiliki kanker paling banyak 64,4% dengan dominasi ayah 25,8%. Jenis kanker paru dengan riwayat kanker keluarga terbanyak adenokarsinoma 71%. Jenis kanker keluarga lebih banyak adalah bukan kanker paru 85,4%.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The new cases and mortality of lung cancer are increasing. Smoking tobacco have a role play but only 15% smokers are suffering from lung cancer. Therefore, genetic factors thought to play a role in lung cancer. Many studies show a significant association with the risk of lung cancer in the family history of cancer.Objective: To determine the proportion of lung cancer?s subjects with a cancer history in the family.Methods: Using cross-sectional a descriptive observational study with the outpatient and inpatient lung cancer?s subject at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta started from January 1st, 2013 until April 30th, 2015.Results: The total subject of the study are 380 with the composition of men higher than women (72.9% vs 27.1 %) with a median is 56 and a minimum-maximum age is 20-86 (66). From those subjects, 65.3% are smokers with the most moderate IB is 33.2%. The most type cancer cells in group of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Carcinoma (NSCLCC) is adenocarcinoma (73.4%). Most subjects diagnosed at an advanced stage either in groups of NSCLCC or Small Cell Lung Cancer Carcinoma (SCLCC). The subject?s proportion with the family cancer history is 8.2% in which male subjects are larger than females (5.8% vs 2.4%). A minimum-maximum age is 35-72 (37) and median 55. Smoker is only found in male 71% and the most type cancer cells is adenocarcinoma 71%. Family relation of the subjects found that 1 person is much more found than more 1 person (64.4% vs 35.6%) with dominated by father (25,8%). The type of cancer in the family is non lung cancer higher than lung cancer (85,4% vs 14,6%).Conclusions: The proportion of subjects with lung cancer in their family cancer is 8.2%. The most type family relation of the subjects is 1 person 64,4% with dominated by father 25,8%. The most type lung cancer cells which have family history cancer is adenocarcinoma 71%. The most type of cancer in the family is non lung cancer 64.4%.;Background: The new cases and mortality of lung cancer are increasing. Smoking tobacco have a role play but only 15% smokers are suffering from lung cancer. Therefore, genetic factors thought to play a role in lung cancer. Many studies show a significant association with the risk of lung cancer in the family history of cancer.Objective: To determine the proportion of lung cancer?s subjects with a cancer history in the family.Methods: Using cross-sectional a descriptive observational study with the outpatient and inpatient lung cancer?s subject at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta started from January 1st, 2013 until April 30th, 2015.Results: The total subject of the study are 380 with the composition of men higher than women (72.9% vs 27.1 %) with a median is 56 and a minimum-maximum age is 20-86 (66). From those subjects, 65.3% are smokers with the most moderate IB is 33.2%. The most type cancer cells in group of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Carcinoma (NSCLCC) is adenocarcinoma (73.4%). Most subjects diagnosed at an advanced stage either in groups of NSCLCC or Small Cell Lung Cancer Carcinoma (SCLCC). The subject?s proportion with the family cancer history is 8.2% in which male subjects are larger than females (5.8% vs 2.4%). A minimum-maximum age is 35-72 (37) and median 55. Smoker is only found in male 71% and the most type cancer cells is adenocarcinoma 71%. Family relation of the subjects found that 1 person is much more found than more 1 person (64.4% vs 35.6%) with dominated by father (25,8%). The type of cancer in the family is non lung cancer higher than lung cancer (85,4% vs 14,6%).Conclusions: The proportion of subjects with lung cancer in their family cancer is 8.2%. The most type family relation of the subjects is 1 person 64,4% with dominated by father 25,8%. The most type lung cancer cells which have family history cancer is adenocarcinoma 71%. The most type of cancer in the family is non lung cancer 64.4%., Background: The new cases and mortality of lung cancer are increasing. Smoking tobacco have a role play but only 15% smokers are suffering from lung cancer. Therefore, genetic factors thought to play a role in lung cancer. Many studies show a significant association with the risk of lung cancer in the family history of cancer. Objective: To determine the proportion of lung cancer’s subjects with a cancer history in the family. Methods: Using cross-sectional a descriptive observational study with the outpatient and inpatient lung cancer’s subject at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta started from January 1st, 2013 until April 30th, 2015.Results: The total subject of the study are 380 with the composition of men higher than women (72.9% vs 27.1 %) with a median is 56 and a minimum-maximum age is 20-86 (66). From those subjects, 65.3% are smokers with the most moderate IB is 33.2%. The most type cancer cells in group of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Carcinoma (NSCLCC) is adenocarcinoma (73.4%). Most subjects diagnosed at an advanced stage either in groups of NSCLCC or Small Cell Lung Cancer Carcinoma (SCLCC). The subject’s proportion with the family cancer history is 8.2% in which male subjects are larger than females (5.8% vs 2.4%). A minimum-maximum age is 35-72 (37) and median 55. Smoker is only found in male 71% and the most type cancer cells is adenocarcinoma 71%. Family relation of the subjects found that 1 person is much more found than more 1 person (64.4% vs 35.6%) with dominated by father (25,8%). The type of cancer in the family is non lung cancer higher than lung cancer (85,4% vs 14,6%).Conclusions: The proportion of subjects with lung cancer in their family cancer is 8.2%. The most type family relation of the subjects is 1 person 64,4% with dominated by father 25,8%. The most type lung cancer cells which have family history cancer is adenocarcinoma 71%. The most type of cancer in the family is non lung cancer 64.4%.]"

"ABSTRAK Tesis ini menilai efikasi dan toksisiti Erlotinib/Gefitinib sebagai terapi lini kedua pada pasien KPKBSK yang mengalami progresifitas. Ini adalah sebuah penelitiankohor retrospektif antara tahun 2009 sampai 2013 dari rekam medis pasienKPKBSK yang mengalami progresifitas. Respons (subjektif, semisubjektif danobjektif) dievaluasi setiap bulan. Toksisiti dinilai setiap minggu sejak pemberianErlotinib/Gefitinib berdasarkan kriteria WHO. Hasil evaluasi respons objektif,tidak ada pasien yang memberikan respons komplit. Best overall response ratedari 31 pasien, 48,8% menetap, 22,6% perburukan,12,9% respons sebagian dan6,5% tidak dinilai/inevaluable. Pada penilaian respons semisubjektif didapatkan19.4% peningkatan berat badan, 51,6% penurunan berat badan dan 29,0%menetap. Waktu tengah tahan hidup mencapai 18 bulan, rerata masa tahan hidup1 tahunan 80,6% dan masa tahan hidup keseluruhan 6,50%. Data menunjukkantidak ada timbul toksisiti hematologi berat (grade ¾) dan data penilaian toksisitinon hematologi sangat jarang timbul toksisiti berat (grade ¾). Efikasi monoterapiEGFR-TKI (Erlotinib/Gefitinib) cukup tinggi dengan toksisiti yang ditimbulkantidak berat. Dengan demikian Erlotinib/Gefitinib sebagai terapi lini kedua cukupbaik.ABSTRACT This thesis assesses the efficacy and toxicity of Erlotinib/Gefitinib as a second

line therapy in NSCLC patients. This is a retrospective cohort study between 2009

and 2013 from the medical records of patients who experienced progression

NSCLC. Therapeutic response was evaluated every month. Toxicity assessed

every month since giving Erlotinib/Gefitinib according to WHO?s criteria. Results

of objective response evaluation none of the patients complete response. Best

overall response rate of 31 patients with the most stable response are 48.8%. Most

semisubjective response obtained are 51.6% weight loss. The middle survival time

reached 18 month, the mean 1 year survival time are 80.6% and a 6.50% overall

survival. The data showed no hematologic toxicity arise severe (grade ¾) and

non-hematological toxicity very rarely arise severe toxicity. The efficacy of EGFR

TKI monotherapy (Erlotinib/Gefitinib) is high enough with toxicity cause not

severe. Thus Erlotinib/Gefitinib as second-line therapy is quite good. ;This thesis assesses the efficacy and toxicity of Erlotinib/Gefitinib as a second

line therapy in NSCLC patients. This is a retrospective cohort study between 2009

and 2013 from the medical records of patients who experienced progression

NSCLC. Therapeutic response was evaluated every month. Toxicity assessed

every month since giving Erlotinib/Gefitinib according to WHO?s criteria. Results

of objective response evaluation none of the patients complete response. Best

overall response rate of 31 patients with the most stable response are 48.8%. Most

semisubjective response obtained are 51.6% weight loss. The middle survival time

reached 18 month, the mean 1 year survival time are 80.6% and a 6.50% overall

survival. The data showed no hematologic toxicity arise severe (grade ¾) and

non-hematological toxicity very rarely arise severe toxicity. The efficacy of EGFR

TKI monotherapy (Erlotinib/Gefitinib) is high enough with toxicity cause not

severe. Thus Erlotinib/Gefitinib as second-line therapy is quite good. "