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"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara (KP) termasuk penyebab umum kematian pada wanita di dunia. Salah satu tumor marker yang digunakan sebagai penanda proliferasi sel kanker payudara yakni Ki-67. Ki-67 merupakan protein yang mudah diekspresikan di inti sel selama siklus sel, ekspresi Ki-67 yang tinggi menandakan semakin banyak sel yang berproliferasi. Terapi KP yang dijalani sekarang masih banyak ditemukan efek samping sehingga dibutukan terapi adjuvant dalam pengobatan KP yakni kedelai, kedelai dipilih karena murah, mudah dijangkau serta diyakini mampu menurunkan angka kejadian KP. Riset ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek lunasin dalam menurunkan ekspresi Ki-67 pada kelenjar payudara tikus. Metode: : Tikus jenis Sprague dewlay (SD) berjumlah 25 ekor dibagi secara acak ke dalam 5 kelompok yakni kelompok normal, kelompok kontrol negatif atau hanya dinduksi DMBA saja, kelompok tamoksifen, kelompok lunasin + tamoksifen dan kelompok lunasin kuratif. Setiap sedian jaringan kanker payudara diberi pewarnaan immunohistokimia terhadap Ki-67 kemudian akan dilihat dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 400x,perhitungan jumlah sel dilakukan pada 5 lapang pandang untuk menilai ekspresi Ki-67.Perhitungan jumlah sel dengan menggunakan aplikasi Image J dan IHC profiler Hasil: Lunasin mampu menurunkan ekspresi Ki-67. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada setiap kelompok uji jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (p=0,000). Akan tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok tamoksifen dengan kelompok terapi lunasin+ tamoksifen (p=0,961). Kesimpulan: Pemberian lunasin, tamoksifen dan lunasin+tamoksifen mampu menurunkan ekspresi Ki-67 pada sel kanker payudara tikus SD yang diinduksi DMBA. Kata kunci: DMBA, kanker payudara, lunasin, kedelai, protein Ki-67, tamoksifen.

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Introduction: Background: Breast cancer (KP) is a common cause of death in women around the world. One of the tumor markers used as a marker for breast cancer cell proliferation is Ki-67. Ki-67 is a protein that is easily expressed in the cell nucleus during the cell cycle, high Ki-67 expression indicates more cells are proliferating. There are still many side effects of KP therapy currently being carried out, so adjuvant therapy is needed in the treatment of KP, namely soybeans, soybeans were chosen because they are cheap, easy to reach, and are believed to be able to reduce the incidence of KP. This research was conducted to determine the effect of lunasin in reducing the expression of Ki-67 in the breast glands of rats. Method: 25 Sprague dewlay (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups namely the normal group, negative control group or DMBA-induced only, tamoxifen group, lunasin + tamoxifen group and curative lunasin group. Each breast cancer tissue preparation was given immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67 and then viewed under a light microscope with 400x magnification, cell counts were performed in 5 fields of view to assess Ki-67 expression. Cell counts were performed using Image J and IHC profiler applications. Result: Lunasin was able to reduce the expression of Ki-67. There was a significant difference in each test group when compared to the negative control (p=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the tamoxifen group and the lunasin + tamoxifen therapy group (p=0.961). Conclusion: Administration of lunasin, tamoxifen and lunasin+tamoxifen was able to reduce Ki-67 expression in DMBA-induced SD rat breast cancer cells. Keywords: DMBA, breast cancer, lunasin, soybean, Ki-67 protein, tamoxifen"

"Latar Belakang: Potensi lunasin dari ekstrak kedelai telah banyak diketahui memberikan manfaat dalam terapi kanker melalui efek antipoliferatifnya. Bcl-2 merupakan protein antiapoptosis yang ekspresinya meningkat pada kanker payudara dan dapat mencegah kejadian apoptosis dari sel kanker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kedelai kaya lunasin terhadap ekspresi protein Bcl-2 sel kanker payudara tikus yang diinduksi DMBA. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan bahan biologi tersimpan dari jaringan kanker payudara tikus jenis Sprague-Dawley (SD) yang telah diberi perlakuan dalam 5 kelompok percobaan dan dipulas dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Identifikasi ekspresi Bcl-2 dilakukan dengan aplikasi ImageJ dan dikuantifikasi menggunakan metode H-score untuk dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil: Hasil H-score setiap kelompok secara berurutan dari tertinggi adalah kontrol negatif (171,61%), lunasin kuratif (156,28%), kontrol positif (147,92%), adjuvan (142,12%), dan kelompok normal (127,22%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada uji perbandingan tiap dua kelompok kecuali pada kelompok normal-adjuvan, kontrol positif-adjuvan, kontrol positif-kuratif, serta adjuvan-kuratif. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak kedelai kaya lunasin mampu menunrunkan ekspresi protein Bcl-2 sel kanker payudara payudara tikus yang diinduksi DMBA. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara kelompok lunasin dengan tamoksifen. Kelompok adjuvan lebih efektif dalam menurunkan ekspresi Bcl-2 dengan hasil yang tidak berbeda secara statistik dengan kelompok normal.

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Background: The potential of lunasin from soybean extract has been widely known to provide benefits in cancer therapy through its antiproliferative effect. Bcl-2 is an antiapoptotic protein whose expression increases in breast cancer and can prevent apoptosis in cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administration of lunasin-rich soybean extract on the expression of Bcl-2 protein in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer cells. 

Methods: The study used stored biological material from breast cancer tissue of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that had been treated in 5 experimental groups and stained immunohistochemically. Identification of Bcl-2 expression was carried out using ImageJ application and quantified using the H-score method for statistical analysis. 

Results: The results of the H-scores of each group sequentially from the highest were negative control (171.61%), curative lunasin (156.28%), positive control (147.92%), adjuvant (142.12%), and group normal (127.22%). There were significant differences in the comparison test of each of the two groups except for the normaladjuvant, positive-adjuvant control, positive-curative control, and adjuvant-curative group. 

Conclusion: The administration of lunasin-rich soybean extract was able to reduce the expression of Bcl-2 protein in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer cells. There was no statistically significant difference between the lunasin and tamoxifen groups. The adjuvant group was more effective in reducing Bcl-2 expression with results that were not statistically different from the normal group."

"Latar Belakang : Kanker payudara merupakan penyebab kematian kedua dari seluruh kanker di Indonesia yang salah satunya ditandai dengan siklin D1. Protein ini mengontrol proliferasi kanker payudara. Salah satu terapi yang digunakan saat ini, tamoksifen, menimbulkan berbagai efek samping dan resistensi. Telah banyak diteliti potensi antikanker pada tumbuh-tumbuhan, termasuk pada kedelai. Efek antikanker pada kedelai salah satunya dihasilkan dari kandungan lunasin di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak kedelai kaya lunasin terhadap ekspresi protein siklin D1. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in vivo menggunakan sediaan jaringan kanker payudara bagian dalam tikus tersimpan yang diberikan lima perlakuan yaitu kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (pemberian tamoksifen dosis 10 mg/kg BB), adjuvant (kombinasi lunasin dan tamoksifen), dan lunasin kuratif (pemberian lunasin dosis 500 mg/kgBB). Jaringan payudara bagian dalam kemudian diambil dan diwarnai imunohistokimia untuk melihat ekspresi protein siklin D1. Penilaian ekspresi protein siklin D1 dilakukan dengan menghitung H-score dengan bantuan aplikasi ImageJ dan IHC Profiler. Hasil : Nilai H-score ekspresi protein siklin D1 tertinggi secara berurutan ditunjukkan oleh kelompok kontrol negative (165,7), kontrol positif (136,5), lunasin kuratif (136,1), adjuvan (129), dan kelompok normal (123,4). Setelah dilakukan uji SPSS, ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada kelima kelompok uji (p=0,00). Kelompok pemberian lunasin lebih rendah secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok negatif. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak kedelai kaya lunasin dengan dosis 500 mg/kg BB mampu menurunkan ekspresi protein siklin D1 pada sel kanker payudara tikus yang diinduksi DMBA.

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Introduction : Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death from all cancers in Indonesia, one of which is characterized by overexpression of cyclin D1. This protein controls the proliferation of breast cancer. One of the therapies currently used, tamoxifen, causes various side effects and resistance. There have been many studies on the anticancer potential of plants, including soybeans. One of the anticancer effects of soybeans is due to the lunasin content in it. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administration of lunasin-rich soybean extract on the expression of cyclin D1 protein. Methods : This study is an in vivo study using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that were divided into five test groups. Those five test groups consist of normal group, negative group group, positive control group (tamoxifen at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW), the lunasin group (lunasin at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW), and the group given a combination of tamoxifen with lunasin (adjuvant). Deep breast cancer tissue was taken and stained with immunohistochemistry to detect cyclin D1. The expression of cyclin D1 was assessed by H-score using the application Image J with IHC Profiler plugin. Results : The highest H-score values of cyclin D1 expression was respectively shown by the negative control group (165.7), positive control (136.5), curative lunasin (136.1), adjuvant (129), and normal group (123.4). After performing the SPSS test, significant differences were found in the five test groups (p=0.00). The expression of cyclin D1 of lunasin group was significantly lower than the negative group. Conclusion : Lunasin-rich soybean extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW was able to inhibit the expression of cyclin D1 protein in DMBA-induced rat deep breast cancer tissue."

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan kanker tersering dengan mortalitas kematian kelima tertinggi di dunia. Tamoksifen, terapi hormon lini pertama kanker payudara ditemukan kasus resisten pada sel kanker dengan ekspresi c-myc yang tinggi. C-myc adalah faktor transkripsi yang menginduksi proliferasi, diferensiasi, serta metastasis sel kanker. Penelitian terbaru telah menemukan lunasin, protein dari ekstrak kedelai yang dinilai memiliki berbagai efek antikanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah lunasin dapat menurunkan ekspresi protein c-myc pada sel kanker payudara. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah true-experimental laboratorium dengan sampel preparat jaringan kanker payudara tikus tersimpan. Kelompok sediaan terdiri kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, terapi kombinasi (lunasin dan tamoksifen) dan lunasin. Jaringan diwarnai secara imunohistokimia dengan diaminobenzinidie (DAB) dan antibodi anti-c-myc. Sediaan dipotret dengan mikroskop cahaya perbesaran 400 kali sebanyak 5 lapang pandang secara acak. Hasil berupa H-score ekspresi c-myc yang dihitung menggunakan software ImageJ dengan plugin immunohistochemistry (IHC) Profiler. Hasil: Kelompok dengan indeks H-score tertinggi berurutan adalah kontrol negatif (174), terapi tamoksifen, (149,4), terapi lunasin (146,6), kombinasi (138,6), dan normal (129,4). Ekspresi c-myc pada seluruh kelompok berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Perbandingan setiap dua kelompok juga berbeda signifikan kecuali antara kelompok kontrol positif dengan lunasin. Kesimpulan: Lunasin dari ekstrak kedelai menghambat ekspresi protein c-myc pada sel kanker payudara tikus yang diinduksi DMBA. Lunasin dan tamoksifen masing-masing mampu menurunkan ekspresi protein c-myc. Terapi kombinasi lunasin dan tamoksifen paling efektif menurunkan ekspresi c-myc sel kanker payudara

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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent and the fifth leading cause of death in the world. Tamoxifen, the first-line hormone therapy, which is found to be resistant to breast cancer cells with high c-myc expression. C-myc is a transcription factor that induces the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of cancer cells. Recent research has discovered lunasin, protein derived from soybean extract that have anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to determine whether lunasin can reduce c-myc protein expression in breast cancer. Method: The study design is a true-experimental laboratory with stored rat breast cancer tissue samples. The group was consisted of normal group, negative control, positive control, combination therapy (lunasin and tamoxifen) and lunasin. Tissues were stained with anti-c-myc adnd was photographed with a light microscope equipped with a 400x magnification camera with 5 fields of view at random. The result is an H-score of c-myc expression which is calculated using Image J software with the immunohistochemistry profiler plugin. Result: The groups with the highest H-score value to the lowest, respectively, are negative control (174), positive control (149,4), lunasin therapy (146,6), combination therapy (138,6), and normal (129,4). The C-myc expression in all groups is significantly different compared to the negative control. Conclusion: Lunasin inhibits the expression of c-myc protein in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer. Lunasin and tamoxifen are each able to reduce c-myc expression. The most effective way to reduce c-myc expression on breast cancer cells is combination therapy (lunasin and tamoxifen)."

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara adalah penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker pada wanita di seluruh dunia. Pengobatan kanker payudara saat ini sangat ditentukan reseptor hormon atau variabel klinikopatologis. Marker terkait invasi dan metastasis masih sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengembangkan biomarker baru dan strategi terapi untuk menangani kanker payudara. Diperlukan pembuktian zat bioaktif baru seperti lunasin untuk strategi yang menguntungkan terapi dan prognosis pasien kanker payudara. β-catenin adalah perantara jalur pensinyalan penting yang dapat menjadi penanda dari kanker payudara. Belum terdapat penelitian terhadap pengaruh pemberian lunasin pada ekspresi β-cateninpada kanker payudara. Metode: Penelitian ini berupa eksperimental in vivo yang dilakukan pada tikus Sprague-Dawley (SD). Terdapat 5 kelompok berbeda, semua tikus diberikan DMBA (20mg/kgBB) untuk menginduksi kanker payudara kecuali kelompok normal. (1) Kelompok (DMBA) hanya diberikan DMBA; (2) Kelompok (TAM) diberikan tamoksifen (10 mg/kgBB); (3) kelompok (ET Lun), diberikan ekstrak lunasin (500 mg/kgBB); dan (4) adjuvan, diberikan tamoksifen (10 mg/kgBB) dan ekstrak lunasin (500 mg/kgBB); (5) kelompok (NOR) tanpa DMBA dan perlakuan. Setelah terminasi, preparat histopatologi jaringan payudara sampel diberikan pewarnaan HE dan IHK. Histoscore digunakan untuk menilai tingkat ekspresi β-catenin. Setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan analisis data. Hasil: Hasil ekspresi β-catenin kelompok normal (NOR) = 138.52±8,78 ; (DMBA) = 187,30±9,70 ; Tamoxifen (TAM) = 166,14±5,60 ; Ekstrak Lunasin (ET-Lun) = 174,42±4,01 ; dan adjuvan (ADJ) = 150,65±6,44. Analisis data menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok kecuali antara kelompok (TAM) dengan kelo(ET Lun). Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak lunasin dari kedelai dapat menurunkan ekspresi β-catenin pada jaringan kanker payudara tikus SD yang diinduksi DMBA.

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Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Current breast cancer treatment is largely determined by hormonal receptors or by clinicopathological variables. Markers related to invasion and metastasis are still urgently needed to develop new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to treat breast cancer. Verification of new biomarkers such as lunasin is needed to create strategies that will benefit therapy and prognosis of breast cancer patients. β-catenin is an important intermediate in several important signalling pathways which can be a marker for breast cancer. To date, there is no studies about the effect of lunasin on β-catenin expression in rats with breast cancer. Method: This study is an in vivo experiment conducted on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. There are 5 different groups where all were given DMBA (20mg/kgBW) for breast cancer induction except for the normal group. Group (1) DMBA was given only DMBA; (2) Tamoxifen (TAM) were given DMBA and tamoxifen (10 mg/kgBW); (3) Extract Lunasin (ET-Lun), administration of lunasin extract (500 mg/kgBW); and (4) Adjuvant, were given tamoxifen (10 mg/kgBW) and lunasin extract (500 mg/kgBW). Group (5) the normal group who was not given DMBA and treatment. After termination, histopathological preparations of breast tissue were then stained with HE and IHK. The histoscore was used to assess the expression level of β-catenin. Data analysis was continued afterwards. Result: The expression of normal group -catenin (NOR) = 138.52±8.78 ; (DMBA) = 187.30±9.70 ; Tamoxifen (TAM) = 166.14±5.60 ; Ekstrak Lunasin (ET-Lun) = 174.42±4.01 ; and adjuvants (ADJ) = 150.65±6.44. Data analysis showed significant differences in all between groups except between the positive control group and the curative group. Conclusion Administration of a targeted extract of lunasin from soybeans can reduce the expression of β-catenin in breast cancer tissue of SD rats induced by DMBA."

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan kanker dengan insidensi tertinggi dan tingkat kematian kedua tertinggi di Indonesia. PD-L1 berperan penting dalam keganasan dengan melemahkan respon imun pejamu terhadap sel tumor. PD-L1 inhibitor sering digunakan untuk mengobati kanker payudara. Tingginya harga PD-L1 inhibitor menjadi masalah sehingga dibutuhkannya alternatif pengobatan dengan jangkauan harga lebih rendah. Ekstrak tertarget lunasin (ET-Lun) memiliki efek mencegah karsinogenesis salah satunya terhadap PD-L1. Metode: Eksperimental in vivo penelitian dilakukan pada tikus Sprague Dawley (SD) yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok terdiri atas kelompok perlakuan dan tanpa perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan semuanya diberikan DMBA untuk induksi kanker payudara (20mg/kgBB) dibagi menjadi kelompok (1) Kontrol negatif diberikan DMBA; (2) Kontrol positif diberikan DMBA dan tamoksifen (10 mg/kgBB); (3) Kuratif diberikan DMBA dan ET-Lun (500 mg/kgBB); dan (4) Kombinasi diberikan DMBA, tamoksifen (10 mg/kgBB) dan ET-Lun (500 mg/kgBB). Kelompok tanpa perlakuan yaitu (5) kelompok normal yang tidak diberi apa-apa. Setelah diterminasi, preparat histopatologi jaringan payudara didapatkan yang kemudian diberikan pewarnaan HE dan IHK. Histoscore digunakan untuk penilaian tingkat ekspresi PD-L1. Setelah didapatkan data histoscore dari preparat tersebut, analisis data dilanjutkan.Hasil: Ekspresi PD-L1 pada kelompok normal = 138,33±8,41; kontrol negatif = 188,13±8,58; kontrol positif = 170,52±7,14; kuratif = 166,68±1,99; dan kombinasi = 150,85±6,49. Analisis data menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada seluruh antar kelompok (p=0,000) terkecuali antar kelompok kontrol positif dengan kelompok kuratif (p=0,872).

Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak tertarget lunasin dari kedelai dapat menurunkan ekspresi PD-L1 pada jaringan kanker payudara tikus SD yang diinduksi DMBA.

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Introduction: Breast cancer is a cancer with the highest incidence and the second highest mortality rate in Indonesia. PD-L1 plays an important role in malignancy by enhancing the host immune response to tumor cells. PD-L1 inhibitors are often used to treat breast cancer. The high price of PD-L1 inhibitors is a problem that requires alternative treatment with lower prices. Lunasin extract has the effect of preventing carcinogenesis, one of which is against PD-L1. However, there have been no studies reporting the effect of lunasin extract on PD-L1 in breast cancer.

Method: Experimental in vivo research was conducted on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats which were divided into 5 groups consisting of treatment and no treatment groups. All treatment groups were given DMBA (20 mg/kgBW) for breast cancer induction divided into groups (1) Negative control was given DMBA; (2) Positive controls were given DMBA and tamoxifen (10 mg/kgBW); (3) Curative were given DMBA and lunasin extract (500 mg/kgBW); and (4) Combinationwere given DMBA, tamoxifen (10 mg/kgBW) and lunasin extract (500 mg/kgBW). The group without treatment is (5) the normal group. After termination, histopathological preparations of breast tissue were obtained which were then stained with HE and IHK. The histoscore was used to assess the expression level of PD-L1. After obtaining histoscore data from these preparations, data analysis was continued.

Result: PD-L1 expression in the normal group = 138.33±8.41; negative control = 188.13±8.58; positive control = 170.52±7.14; curative = 166.68±1.99; and combination = 150.85±6.49. Data analysis showed significant differences in all between groups (p=0,000) except between the positive control group and the curative group (p=0,872).

Conclusion: Administration of a targeted extract of lunasin from soybeans can reduce PD-L1 expression in DMBA-induced SD rat breast cancer tissue."

"Gen SOX2 telah dilaporkan memegang peranan penting dalam menginduksi sel punca progenitor dari sel fibroblast manusia dewasa. Peningkatan ekspresi gen SOX2 berkorelasi dengan peningkatan tingkat keparahan kanker payudara. Namun, bagaimana SOX2 memiliki sifat onkogenik belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai ekspresi gen SOX2 pada sel kanker payudara CD44+/CD24-dan CD44-/CD24-yang di ko-kultur dengan Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) berdasarkan waktu pengkulturan sel sebagai upaya untuk mempelajari ekspresi gen dan sifat dari sel punca kanker payudara pada sel kanker payudara dari pasien kanker payudara wanita Indonesia. Tingginya ekspresi gen SOX2 diasumsikan dapat menjadi indikasi untuk menentukan kondisi optimum pada kultur sel kanker payudara. Level RNA gen SOX2 diukur dengan menggunakan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dan dinormalisasi dengan menggunakan housekeeping gene PUM1 sebagai kontrol dalam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi gen SOX2 tertinggi di hari ketiga pada kultur sel punca kanker (CD44+/CD24-), demikian pula dengan kultur sel non punca (CD44-/CD24-), dan di hari pertama pada kultur sel kanker payudara (CD44/CD24).

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SOX2 gene has been reported to play an important role in inducing stem cell progenitor cells from adult human fibroblasts. Increase in SOX2 gene expression known to correlate with the increase of breast cancer severity. However, the oncogenic properties of SOX2 has not been confirmed yet. This research aimed to obtain information about the level of SOX2 gene expression of breast cancer cells CD44+/CD24-dan CD44-/CD24-in co-culture with Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (MEF) based on time of cell culture, in an attempt to study the gene expression and the nature of cancer stem cells in breast cancer cell in Indonesian female breast cancer patient.

High SOX2 gene expression was assumed as the indication of the optimum culture condition of breast cancer cell. SOX2 gene RNA level was measured performing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalized using the housekeeping gene PUM1 as an internal control. Results showed that the highest SOX2 gene expression was found in day 3 for cancer stem cell cultures (CD44+/CD24-) as well as for non cancer stem cell cultures (CD44-/CD24-), and in day 1 for breast cancer cell cultures (CD44/CD24). "

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Kanker payudara adalah kanker yang sering didiagnosis dan menjadi penyebab kematian akibat kanker yang paling tinggi pada perempuan di dunia. Berdasarkan data registrasi di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais pada tahun 2003-2007, kanker payudara menjadi keganasan terbanyak yaitu sebesar 40,58% dari seluruh kanker. Berbagai tatalaksana dilakukan sesuai dengan protokol pengobatan yang berlaku di RS Kanker Dharmais. Meskipun telah banyak kemajuan dalam penanganan kanker payudara, tetapi masih sering dijumpai rekurensi baik rekurensi lokal, regional maupun perluasan ke organ lain. Adanya rekurensi sering dihubungkan dengan meningkatnya resiko kematian, dimana dikatakan pada kanker payudara resiko kematian 5% lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan hasil pemeriksaan Estrogen - Progresteron Reseptor (ER-PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Reseptor-2 (Her2), dan Indeks Proliferasi (KI-67) terhadap rekurensi kanker payudara berdasarkan hasil pencitraan 18F-FDG PET/CT, pada pasien - pasien kanker payudara yang telah dilakukan terapi sesuai prosedur. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan proses analisis dengan desain retrospektif cohort study pada pasien yang didiagnosis kanker payudara yang telah di terapi sesuai prosedur dan sembuh, serta telah dilakukan pemeriksaan 18F-FDG PET/CT. Hasil: Uji Mutlak Fisher KI-67 didapatkan hasil nilai yang signifikan yang berarti tidak hubungan bermakna antara hasil imunohistokimia KI-67 tinggi dengan rekurensi kanker payudara. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kanker payudara subtipe Luminal B dan Triple Negative dengan rekurensi kanker payudara dan Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara hasil ER positif, PR positif ataupun Her2 positif terhadap rekurensi kanker payudara.

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Background and purpose: Breast cancer is frequently diagnosed cancer and cause of cancer deaths in women are highest in the world. Based on registration data in Dharmais Cancer Hospital in the years 2003-2007, breast cancer is a malignancy that is equal to 40.58% majority of all cancers. Various management of treatment carried out in accordance with the applicable protocol Dharmais Cancer Hospital. Although progress has been made in the treatment of breast cancer, but recurrence is common both local recurrence, regional and extension to other organs. Recurrence is often associated with increased risk of death, which is said in the breast cancer death risk 5% higher. This study aimed to examine the relationship examination Estrogen - progesterone receptors (ER-PR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (Her2), and proliferation index (Ki-67) against the recurrence of breast cancer based on imaging of 18F-FDG PET / CT , in patients - patients who have breast cancer therapy according to the procedure.

Methods: This study is the retrospective analysis of a cohort study design in patients diagnosed with breast cancer who had been in therapy according to the procedure and recovery, and has been examined 18F-FDG PET / CT.

Results: Absolute Fisher Test KI-67 showed significant value, which means there is significant relationship between the results of immunohistochemical high KI-67 with a recurrence of cancer.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed no significant association between breast cancer subtypes Luminal B and Triple Negative breast cancer with recurrence and There is a significant association between the results of ER positive, PR positive and Her2 positive breast cancer on recurrence."

"Pendahuluan: Kanker payudara adalah keganasan paling sering terjadi pada perempuan dan merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia. Evaluasi dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan USG guna menentukan karakteristik lesi. Pemeriksaan indeks proliferasi Ki-67 berperan dalam menentukan prognosis dan memprediksi keberhasilan neoadjuvant chemotherapy pada kanker payudara. Namun distribusi pemeriksaan indeks proliferasi Ki-67 belum merata, sedangkan, pemeriksaan USG sudah cukup banyak di tempat pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia karena pemeriksaannya yang mudah dengan harga yang relatif murah. Data untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian karakteristik lesi kanker payudara pada USG dengan indeks proliferasi Ki-67 masih sangatlah terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui kesesuaian pada karakteristik morfologis USG dengan indeks proliferasi Ki-67 untuk menentukan faktor prognosis. Metode: Dilakukan pembacaan ulang hasil USG 96 pasien yang didapatkan dari PACS, dicatat bentuk lesi, batas lesi, orientasi lesi, pola ekogenitas, posterior lesi, kelenjar limfe, vaskularisasi dan kalsifikasi. Kemudian dicatat hasil indeks proliferasi Ki-67 dan dikelompokan berdasarkan Tashima, dkk yaitu rendah (< 20%) dan tinggi (≥ 20%). Analisis dilakukan dengan uji Mc Nemar disertai analisis Kappa Cohen dan Konkordansi.Hasil: Pada uji Mc nemar, penilaian karakteristik ultrasonografi kanker payudara dengan hasil Ki-67 yang tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (p > 0,05) adalah temuan vaskularisasi ( n = 0,405). Pada analisis Kappa Cohen, tidak terdapat asosiasi antara temuan ultrasonografi kanker payudara dengan hasil Ki-67 < 20% dan ≥ 20%. Pada analisis Konkordansi, terdapat kesesuaian lemah (50 %-65%) antara hasil temuan posterior lesi (51,3%) dan kalsifikasi (51,0%) dengan hasil Ki-67 < 20% dan ≥ 20%, terdapat pula kesesuaian sedang (65%-80%) antara hasil temuan bentuk lesi (72,9%), batas lesi (76,0%), kelenjar limfe (71,6%) dan vaskularisasi (71,6%). Simpulan: Dari 8 karakteristik morfologi USG yang diperiksa, hanya vaskularisasi yang tidak berbeda bermakna dengan Ki-67, sehingga hanya vaskularisasi yang sesuai dengan ekspresi Ki-67.

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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and is the leading cause of death in Indonesia. USG examination can be done to determine the characteristics of the lesion. The examination of the Ki-67 proliferation index plays a role in determining prognosis and predicting the success of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. However, the distribution of the Ki-67 proliferation index examination has not been evenly distributed, meanwhile, USG examination are quite common in health care centers in Indonesia because of the easy examination at a relatively cheap price. The data to evaluate the suitability of the characteristics of breast cancer lesions on ultrasound with the Ki-67 proliferation index are still very limited.

Purpose: Determine whether there is agreement on the morphological characteristics of USG with the Ki-67 proliferation index to determine prognostic factors. Methods: Re-expertise the USG results of 96 patients obtained from PACS, noted the shape, the margin and the orientation of the lesion, also the echo pattern, the posterior lesions, the lymph nodes, vascularization and calcification. Then performed recording the results of the Ki-67 proliferation index and grouped according to Tashima et al, divided into low (<20%) and high (≥ 20%). The analysis was carried out by using the Mc Nemar test accompanied by Kappa Cohen's analysis and Concordance.

Results: In the Mc Nemar test, the assessment of the characteristics of the ultrasound findings of breast cancer with a Ki-67 index that did not have a statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) was a finding of vascularity (n = 0.405). In Cohen's Kappa analysis, there was no association between breast cancer ultrasound findings and Ki-67 index <20% and ≥ 20%. In the concordance analysis, there was a weak agreement (50% -65%) between the findings of posterior lesions (51.3%) and calcification (51.0%) with Ki-67 index <20% and ≥ 20%, there was also moderate agreement (65% -80%) between the findings of the lesion shape (72.9%), the margin of the lesion (76.0%), lymph nodes (71.6%) and vascularization (71.6%).

Conclusion: From 8 morphological characteristics of USG examined, only vascularization was not significantly different from Ki-67, so only vascularity was in accordance (match) with Ki-67 expression."

"Kanker kolorektal menyumbang 9,7% dari seluruh kasus kanker dan kejadiannya berhubungan dengan inflamasi kronik. Oleh karena terapi kanker saat ini masih memiliki banyak kekurangan, peptida dalam makanan semakin banyak diteliti karena murah, mudah didapat, toksisitas rendah, dan berpotensi mencegah kanker. Riset dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah lunasin dari kacang kedelai dapat menurunkan ekspresi sitokin proinflamasi TNF-I±  pada epitel kolon. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit Swiss Webster dibagi ke dalam enam kelompok secara acak. Satu kelompok normal, sementara lima kelompok lainnya diinduksi karsinogenesis dengan azoxymethane dan dextran sodium sulfate, kemudian ada yang dibiarkan (kontrol negatif), diberi aspirin (kontrol positif), dan ekstrak kedelai kaya lunasin dalam tiga dosis berbeda (250, 300, dan 350 mg/kgBB) selama 4 minggu. Jaringan kolon distal diambil untuk diwarnai imunohistokimia dan diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya pada pembesaran 400x untuk menghitung sel epitel berdasarkan intensitas warnanya. Indeks dihitung berdasarkan optical density score. Ekstrak kedelai kaya lunasin dapat menurunkan ekspresi TNF-I±. Perbedaan antara kontrol negatif dengan ekstrak bermakna pada dosis 300 mg/kgBB (p=0,016) dan 350 mg/kgBB (p=0,009), tetapi tidak bermakna dengan dosis 250 mg/kgBB (p=0,754). Penelitian ini menunjukkan penurunan ekspresi TNF-I± signifikan pada dosis ekstrak kedelai 300 mg/kgBB atau lebih.

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Colorectal cancer contributes to 9.7% of all cancer and its pathogenesis is related to chronic inflammation. Because of there are some lacks in current cancer therapy, peptide in food becomes popular among researchers because it is cheap, easy to get, low toxicity, and a promising cancer preventing agent. This research aimed to investigate whether lunasin from soybean can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-I± in colonic epithelial cell. 30 Swiss Webster mice randomly allocated to six groups. One group was normal and five groups were induced carcinogenesis using azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), then was given nothing (negative control), aspirin (positive control), and lunasin-rich soybean extract in three different doses (250, 300, and 350 mg/kgBW) for four weeks. Distal colon tissue was immunohistochemically stained and then observed under light microscope with 400X magnification to count epithelial cell based on its colour. Index was calculated using optical density score. Lunasin-rich soybean extract can decrease expression of TNF-I±. There are statistically significant between negative control and dose 300 mg/kgBW (p=0.016) and 350 mg/kgBW (p=0.009), yet not significant with dose 250 mg/kgBW (p=0.754). This research shows that reduction of TNF-I± expression is significant with dose 300 mg/kgBW or higher."