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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 254-259There are two basic kinds of tooth whitening agents. The first is over the counter materials and the other is materials used by the dentist or under dentist control. Home bleaching is a technique using l0% carbamide peroxide on a tray applied by patient under dentist supervision. This paper is a review of the effect of 10 % carbamid peroxide home bleaching technique. It is revealed that this metode is simple, safe, economic, and has short chiar side time."

"Endo-perio lesion cound occur due to the close relationship between the pulp and the periodontium. Therefore, pulpal lesion could cause a periodontium lesion. To decide on an appropriate diagnosis, a thorough and careful examination needs to be done in order to determine the right treatment. Most of the endo-perio cases should be approached with a root canal treatment because the source of the lesion is in the canal and there is a possibility of healing of the periapical and periodontal ligament without surgical intervention. A report of a healing of an endo-perio case without surgical approach will be discussed."

"The variation of teeth number can occur at initiation phase of tooth development, the etiology is unclear but it be supposed by the excessive lamina dental activity. The supernumerary teeth can be single or multiple, at one side or two side, with conical, tubercle or normal form, undergo eruption or impacted, and with parallel or contrary direction of teeth development. The supernumerary teeth in incisive region is mesiodens. In this case report, the supernumerary teeth occured at mixed tooth period which it result in the tooth arrangement is bad. The mesiodens was extracted as the position of upper jaw central incisive teeth were corrected. The second supernumerary tooth with contrary direction was removed by surgery."

"Denture treatment can be said successful if the denture can restore masticatory and esthetic function and keep oral tissue in healthy condition. The success of full denture treatment depends on some factors, which are procedural techniques of full denture processing, which include clinical and laboratory phases. Besides technical aspects, there are some nontechnical aspects, which include emotional characteristic of the patient, relation or communication between patient and dentist, patients motivation and information about full denture. These aspects are often forgotten by dentists because they emphasize more on technical aspects. This article describes the aspects of nontechnical procedures in making full denture and its connection with the success of full denture treatment. The conclusion of this paper is that it is necessary to communicate clearly with a patient who needs full denture treatment, orally with simple and understandable language along with demonstrations and written information about diagnosis, prognosis and the treatment plan of the procedure which will be conducted according to the patient's character."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV:294-296Dental bleaching has been considered as a feasible approach for dental esthetic, and many dental bleaching products can be seen in the market. Therefore, the side effect of a such dental product should be studied. This study was aimed to detemine the effect of carbamide peroxide-containing home bleaching agent on the hardness of dental amalgam surface structure. Forty amalgam filling specimens were divided into 4 groups, which consist of 3 treatment group and 1 control gloups. Each group was exposed to the bleaching agent daily for 2, 4, and 8 hours within 7 days. The Vickers Microhardness Tester, with loads 98.07 mN for 20 seconds, was used to measured the hardeness of amalgam surface. It was revealed that, there was a significant difference between the treatment and the control group on 8 hours period. It was concluded that there was a decrease in hardeness of dertal amalgam surface after having a contact with carbamide peroxide bleaching agent."

"Sekitar 90 persen balita di Indonesia mengalami kerusakan gigi, karena sebagian besar masyarakatIndonesia menganggap kesehatan gigi bukan prioritas. Perawatan gigi dan mulut pada anak sangatmenentukan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada tingkat perkembangan selanjutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara persepsi tentang perawatan gigi yang dimiliki orang tuadengan kejadian sakit gigi pada balita. Penelitian dilaksanakan 07-08 Mei 2008 di RW 06 Ciganjur JakartaSelatan. Desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling sejumlah70 responden. Alat yang digunakan berupa kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 35 orang tua (53%) mempunyai persepsi positif dan 31 orang tua (47%) mempunyai persepsi negatif. Selain itu tidak adahubungan yang bermakna antara persepsi orang tua dan kejadian sakit gigi pada balita di RW 06 CiganjurJakarta Selatan. Penelitian in merekomendasikan agar penelitian berikutnya menggunakan jumlah sampelyang lebih besar."

"Perawatan dengan gigi tiruan jembatan yang merupakan restorasi cekat dapat menjadi sebuah pilihan tepat dalam mengatasi masalah kehilangan gigi. Keberhasilan perawatan dengan gigi tiruan jembatan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain desain preparasi gigi penyangga. Desain preparasi gigi penyangga harus memenuhi pertimbangan mekanis, biologis, dan estetis. Salah satu hal dari pertimbangan mekanis yang penting adalah retensi dan resistensi. Hal ini dapat diperoleh dengan cara membentuk gigi penyangga sedemikian rupa agar menghasilkan bentuk geometri morfologi sirkumferensial hasil preparasi yang serupa dengan morfologi alami gigi asli. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan frekuensi bentuk geometri morfologi sirkumferensial hasil preparasi gigi penyangga posterior pada perawatan dengan gigi tiruan jembatan di klinik Prostodonsia RSGMP FKG UI. Data diperoleh dari 20 buah model kerja dengan 34 hasil preparasi gigi penyangga posterior pada pasien yang telah dibuatkan gigi tiruan jembatan di klinik Prostodonsia RSGMP FKG UI periode Januari 2006 - September 2007 secara konsekutif dan hanya dilakukan oleh satu orang peneliti. Pemeriksaan dilakukan melalui pengamatan secara visual pada bentuk geometri sirkumferensial hasil preparasi gigi penyangga. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar hasil preparasi gigi-gigi penyangga premolar dan molar memiliki bentuk spesifik geometri morfologi sirkumferensial yang serupa dengan morfologi alami gigi asli. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa profesi FKG UI telah menunjukkan kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan preparasi gigi penyangga posterior dengan bentuk spesifik geometri morfologi sirkumferensial yang sesuai dengan morfologi alami gigi asli.

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Fixed partial denture or Bridge work is a common treatment in replacement of missing teeth. One factor that influence the success rate of fixed partial denture or bridge work is abutment teeth preparation design. The teeth preparation design should fulfill the mechanical, biological, and esthetical considerations. Retention and resistance forms play an important role mechanically in supporting the bridge work optimally. These are achieved by such preparation of the abutment teeth that are resulted in a geometrically retentive form. This study was conducted to evaluate geometric forms as a result of abutment teeth preparation done by dental students of Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Indonesia from January 2006 - September 2007. Data were collected from 20 working models with 34 posterior abutment teeth prepared for bridge work. Evaluation done visually and found that most of premolar and molar abutment teeth prepared showed its geometrical form that similar to its natural teeth morphology. Therefore it could be concluded that the dental students showed their ability to gain the geometric forms of the posterior abutment teeth that they prepared in accordance with the natural teeth morphology."

"Gingival recession is the exposure of the root surface due to an apical shift of the gingival margin. The high incidence of recession, (100 % on 50 years old) requires an appropriate therapy to eliminate the hypersensitive dentin and also aesthetic problems. The continuing recessions and aesthetic complains indicate a periodontal plastic surgery prosedur. The Langer's technic, is a part of Sub-ephitelial Connective Tissue Graft that has a high level of succes on the normal gingival thickness. The aim of this review is to give the best solution to dentist in managing the gingival recession and aesthetic complains. Langer and Langer (1985) had succesfully formed this procedure by removing the connective tissue graf from the donor site to the recipient site. This technic has a high level of success and can be formed by dentists with concern on case selections and the influencing factors."

"Dental implants have become an accepted form of permanent tooth replacement. Successful dental implant treatment requires knowledge of the precise location in connection with critical structures in maxillae and mandible. Injury to the nerve canal or perforation of maxillary antrum can cause paresthesia or antral infection that may leads to failure of the treatment. Measuring the height and width of residual alveolar ridge is necessary to select the appropriately sized implant as well as to assure the adequacy of bone. Presurgical radiographic evaluation of dental implants plays very important role in the success of implant treatment procedure. Various imaging modalities from conventional intraoral radiographs to more sophisticated and modern ones can be used for this purpose. The conventional imaging modalities have very limitted diagnostic information in accordance with details and accurate in bone evaluation of the implants sites. On the other hand, modern imaging modalities such as Dental CT have been proven to produce excellent image either for measuring or detailed evaluating the sites. Selecting the appropriate imaging modality will be one of the key to success in dental implant treatment."