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"Currently, in some countries the utilisation of cellulars keeps growing. This phenomenon is also accompanied by the increasing number of the cellulars providers. Like in Indonesia, there are some accompanies that will engage in this sector and commence to serve the cellulars, including lndosat-M3. From the development of the present technology, the usage of cellular is not only for a voice communication but also in the field of data and multimedia communications. This utilization of cellular technology will be little by little increasing by using SMS (Short Message Service).

In that way, the service of data and multimedia communications will be expected to be one of the essential services in cellular world, especially in business activities for giving help to those who are doing their activities in a mobile way. By those reasons, lndosat-M3, that gives service GSM 1800, has set up a portal. The company predicts that there is an opportunity to increase its revenue by taking advantage of its portal and its service ability of GSM 1800 in providing data communication service based on cellular communication to serve using.

By the existence of this portal, lndosat-M3 is expecting that the usage of GSM 1800 service will be ever more increasing due to the accession to the company's portal. The purpose of this portal is to give informations and all facilities needed in daily activity such as e-mail, of which almost all people use it, although the current accession to it through their own computers. However there are some issues to the mass utilization of the access of lndosat-M3 cellular portal. As many Indonesian people are not yet aware of using the cellular-based data communication technology, lndosat-M3 highly needs strategies for realizing the objectives by exerting all the capabilities it has to solve the issues. From those strategies, lndosat-M3 must be a leader in the cellular world, despite the difficulties in choosing the right strategies to propping up the realization of its high cellular traffic."

"Cet ouvrage, qui aborde les questions liées à l’intégration régionale en Afrique de l’ouest, présente des données empiriques sur les efforts entrepris par les pays de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA) pour la convergence de leurs économies. Il examine également comment ces efforts, qui représentent un élément important pour l’intégration régionale, influent sur la réduction de la pauvreté dans les pays de l’UEMOA. ;"

"Kanker serviks berada di peringkat ketiga sebagai kanker yang paling banyak menyebabkan kematian wanita di seluruh dunia dan menempati peringkat pertama di negara berkembang. Kanker ini disebabkan oleh infeksi human papilloma virus (HPV) yang memiliki onkoprotein E6 dan E7 yang mempengaruhi regulasi epigenetik termasuk overekspresi gen histone deacetylase (HDAC) yang menyebabkan karsinogenesis serviks. Sehingga HDAC menjadi target inhibisi yang potensial untuk terapi kanker serviks. Pada penelitian ini, suatu seri terbaru senyawa turunan 4-[(2-okso-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)karbonil]anilin dirancang sebagai inhibitor HDAC (HDACI) terbaru berdasarkan pendekatan de novo. Aktivitas inhibisi dari ligan rancangan ini terhadap HDAC kelas II Homo sapiens ditentukan melalui simulasi molecular docking. Analisis docking menghasilkan delapan ligan terbaik (F, Ib14, O38, Kb17, Gd40, Aa50, Gc42, dan Bb38) yang memiliki afinitas pengikatan lebih baik dibandingkan standar. Kemudian analisis interaksi mengindikasikan bahwa seluruh ligan terbaik membentuk koordinasi dengan kofaktor zinc pada charge-relay system HDAC, juga ikatan hidrogen dan interaksi hidrofobik yang penting pada aktivitas inhibisi dari inhibitor HDAC. Analisis QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) dari senyawa ini, termasuk karakter farmakologi, bioaktivitas, mutagenisitas-karsinogenisitas, dan karakter ADMET (absorpsi, distribusi, metabolisme, ekskresi, dan toksisitas) dilakukan secara in silico. Melalui analisis ini, kedelapan ligan terbaik memenuhi Lipinski’s rule of five, memiliki drug score yang lebih baik dibanding standar, dan juga menunjukkan bioaktivitas, bioavailabilitas oral, dan karakter ADMET yang baik. Seluruh ligan terbaik juga mudah disintesis serta terbukti sebagai senyawa baru yang belum pernah disintesis sebelumnya. Kestabilan kompleks HDAC-ligan pada pengaruh pelarut dikalkulasi melalui simulasi molecular dynamics (MD). Berdasarkan simulasi ini, ligan terbaik yang membentuk kompleks dengan HDAC memiliki stabilitas yang baik berdasarkan RMSD (root mean square deviation) dan analisis interaksi. Ligan terbaik ini dapat disintesis untuk pengujian klinis lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan inhibitor HDAC yang lebih potensial sebagai obat terbaru untuk terapi kanker serviks.

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Cervical cancer ranks third as the most common deadly cancer in women worldwide and ranks first in developing countries. It is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection which has E6 and E7 oncoproteins that induce epigenetic regulation including overexpression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) gene leading to cervical carcinogenesis. Thus HDACs becomes potential inhibition target for cervical cancer treatment.

In this study, a novel series of 4-[(2-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)carbonyl]aniline derivatives were designed as novel HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) based on de novo approach. The inhibitory activity of these new designed ligands against Homo sapiens class II HDAC was determined by molecular docking simulation. Docking analysis has yielded eight best ligands (F, Ib14, O38, Kb17, Gd40, Aa50, Gc42, and Bb38) which have better binding affinity than the standards. Therefore, interaction analysis indicated that all best ligands were formed coordination with zinc cofactor in HDAC charge-relay system, also hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction which are essential for the HDAC inhibitory activities of these inhibitors.

QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) analysis of these compounds including pharmacology properties, bioactivity, mutagenicity-carcinogenicity, and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties were done in silico. Through this analysis, all eight best ligands meet Lipinski’s rule of five, have a better drug score than standards, and shows good bioactivity, oral bioavailability and ADMET properties. All best ligands also have a good synthetic accessibility and were proved to be new compounds that never been synthesized before. Stability of HDAC-ligand complexes in the presence of solvent were also calculated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.

Based on this simulation, all best ligands complex with corresponding HDAC have a good stability based on RMSD (root mean square deviation) and interaction analysis. The best ligands can be synthesized for further clinical testing. This study is expected to produce more potent HDAC inhibitors as novel drugs for cervical cancer treatment."