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"Latar belakang dan Cara penelitian : Salah satu penyebab mata kering (dry eye) adalah karena berkurangnya sekresi kelenjar air mata. Mata kering lebih sering terjadi pada wanita dibandingkan pada lelaki, terutama pada wanita menopause yang diyakini sebagai akibat defisiensi estrogen. Efek defisiensi estrogen pada histologi kelenjar air mata belum diketahui secara jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kapan terjadi perubahan dan apa bentuk perbedaan histologi kelenjar air mata pada tikus yang diovariektomi (ovx) sebagai model untuk wanita menopause. Ada 32 ekor tikus yang dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok yaitu: kelompok I (kontrol 50 hari), kelompok II (ovx 50 hari), kelompok III (kontrol 100 hari) dan kelompok IV (ovx 100 hari). Kelompok I dan II dibedah pada hari ke 50, sedangkan kelompok III dan IV dibedah pada hari ke 100. Kemudian diambil kelenjar air matanya untuk dibuat sediaan histologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE) kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya untuk menghitung jumlah asinus dan mengukur diameter asinus serta tinggi epitel asinus_ Sebagai data tambahan berat badan tikus diukur sebelum ovx dan sebelum dibedah. Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan uji T Data Mandiri, untuk menguji perbedaan jumlah asinus, diameter asinus dan tinggi epitel asinus pada kelompok I dengan II dan kelompok III dengan IV.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Ada penurunan jumlah asinus yang bermakna (p=0,006<0,01) pada kelompok tikus 50 had pasca ovx, namun untuk diameter asinus dan tinggi epitel asinus tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada kelompok tikus 100 had pasca ovx tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,01) untuk jumlah asinus* diameter asinus dan tinggi epitel asinus dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Terjadinya penurunan jumlah asinus pada tikus 50 had pasca ovx disebabkan berkurangnya estrogen akibat ovariektomi. Kadar estrogen yang berkurang pada tikus 100 had pasca ovx telah dapat digantikan dengan sintesis estrogen ekstraglandular yang akhirnya akan meningkatkan kembali jumlah asinus sehingga sesuai dengan kontrol.

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One etiology of dry eyes is a diminished secretion of the lacrimal glands, this is more frequently found in women than in men and in menopausal women it is certainly caused by estrogen deficiency. The effect of estrogen deficiency on the histology of the lacrimal gland is not well known. This investigation is done in order to know the time and form of histological changes in the lacrimal gland of bilateral ovariectomized (ovx) Wistar rats, which were used as a model for menopausal women. In this investigation, 32 Wistar rats were used and divided in 4 groups i.e.: Group I and group III were used as control groups, while group II and group IV were ovariectomized rats. Lacrimal glands were taken out surgically in group I and group II 50 days post ovx, while the same procedure was done in group III and group IV 100 days post ovx. Histological slides were made of the lacrimal glands and stained with hematoxylline-eosine (HE), then examined under light microscope in order to count the amount, diameter and epithelium height of the acini. The weight of the rats were also measured, as supportive data The result data was tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Lavane homogeneity test and independent T data test, to analyze the difference in amount, diameter, and epithelium height of the acini, between group I and group II, and between group III and group IV.

Results and conclusions: There was a significant decrease in the amount of acini (p=0,008<0.01) in the group of ovariectomized rats 50 days post ovx; however,there was no significant difference in the diameter and epithelium height of the acini, compared to its control group. No significant difference (p<0.01) was found in the amount, diameter and epithelium height of the acini, between the ovariectomized rats 100 days post ovx and its control group. The decrease in the amount of acini in the ovariectomized rats 50 days post ovx was due to diminished estrogen caused by ovariectomy. The decrease in amount of estrogen in the ovariectomised rats 100 days post ovx was replaced by extraovarial estrogen secretion, which eventually raised the amount of acini to the amount found in its control group."

"Pada masa menopause, produksi estrogen oleh ovarium berhenti. Berkurangnya produksi estrogen menyebabkan perubahan fisik dan mental pada wanita menopause. Perubahan tersebut sering menimbulkan perasaan tidak nyaman, antara lain terjadi pada kulit. Kulit wanita menopause menjadi tipis dan mudah luka karena menipisnya epidermis; ketebalan dermis juga berkurang karena menurunnya jumlah kolagen dermis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ovariektomi (ovx) bilateral (yang diasumsikan sebagai upaya penurunan kadar estrogen) terhadap lapisan dermis kulit dan dampak terjadinya perubahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan 32 ekor tikus Wistar betina berumur ± 3 bulan dengan berat badan 150-250 g, dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok I (ovx 50 hari), kelompok II (kontrol 50 hari), kelompok III (ovx 100 hari), dan kelompok IV (kontrol 100 hari). Kelompok I dan II dibedah pada hari ke-50, kelompok III dan IV dibedah pada hari ke-100. Organ kulit diambil dari abdomen dan dibuat sajian histologis dengan pewarnaan Trichrome. Preparat kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan serapan warna RGB (Red, Green, Blue) atau format RGB menggunakan program Adobe Photoshop 7.0.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara tebal dermis maupun tebal pulasan kolagen dermis antara tikus 50 dan 100 hari pada ovariektomi bilateral dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Namun demikian, ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kenaikan berat badan tikus ovariektomi bilateral 50 dan 100 hari. Tidak adanya perbedaan tersebut kemungkinan disebabkan karena estrogen yang berkurang akibat ovariektomi segera digantikan oleh estrogen dari jaringan lemak akibat kenaikan berat badan; dan estrogen dari kulit, yang merupakan tempat biosintesis estrogen ekstraglandular. Penelitian ini akan lebih akurat jika diperoleh data kadar estrogen darah, kadar biosintesis kolagen dan variasi waktu pengamatan.

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AbstractAt menopause, estrogen production by the ovary ceases. Decreased estrogen causes physical and mental changes in menopausal women. These changes often result in discomfort, such as changes in the skin. The skin of menopausal women becomes thinner and more prone to injury due to the thinning of the epidermis; the thickness of the dermis also decreases because of the reduced collagen in the dermis. This research aims to investigate the influence of bilateral ovariectomy (ovx), assumed as a method to decrease estrogen levels, on the dermal layer of the skin and the impact of these changes. Thirty-two female Wistar rats, aged ±3 months, weighing 150-250 g, were divided into 4 groups, each containing 8 rats. Group I, sacrificed 50 days after ovariectomy, and Group II, the control group, were sacrificed on day 50. Group III, sacrificed 100 days after ovariectomy, and Group IV, the control group, were sacrificed on day 100. Skin samples were taken from the abdomen and made into histological slides stained with Trichrome. These slides were then analyzed quantitatively using the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color absorption method with Adobe Photoshop 7.0.The results showed no significant difference in dermis thickness and collagen staining thickness between the 50-day and 100-day bilateral ovariectomy groups compared to the control groups. However, there was a significant difference in body weight increase between the 50-day and 100-day bilateral ovariectomy groups. The lack of difference in dermis thickness and collagen staining is possibly due to the decrease in estrogen levels from ovariectomy being quickly replaced by estrogen from fat tissue as a result of weight gain, and estrogen from the skin, which represents extraglandular estrogen biosynthesis. This research would be more accurate if blood estrogen levels, collagen biosynthesis rates, and variations in observation time were also measured."

"ABSTRAKFitoestrogen yang terkandung dalam kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.) berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif osteoporosis.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol70% buah kacang panjang terhadap kadar kalsium tulang tikus melaluipengukuran dengan spektrofotometri serapan atom. Metode ovariektomidigunakan untuk mewakili kondisi osteoporosis yang dilakukan pada 36 tikusbetina galur Sprague Dawley yang terbagi ke dalam 6 kelompok. Kelompok Isebagai sham, kelompok II sebagai kontrol negatif, keduanya diberikan CMC0,5%, kelompok III, IV, dan V diberikan ekstrak kacang panjang dosis bervariasi,berturut-turut, 100; 200; dan 400 mg/200 g bb tikus disuspensikan dalam CMC0,5%, dan kelompok VI sebagai kontrol positif diberikan larutan natriumalendronat dalam aquadest. Semua kelompok kecuali kelompok sham dilakukanovariektomi pada hari ke-1 kemudian diistirahatkan selama 20 hari. Bahan ujidiberikan satu kali sehari secara oral pada hari ke 22 sampai hari ke 50.Pengukuran kadar kalsium dilakukan pada hari ke 51. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kacang panjang lebih tinggi meningkatkan kadarkalsium tulang dibandingkan dengan natrium alendronat. Akan tetapi, efekpeningkatan yang ditimbulkan dari ketiga varian dosis adalah sama sehingga tidakada dosis efektif ekstrak etanol kacang panjang dalam meningkatkan kadarkalsium.

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ABSTRACTPhytoestrogen contained in long beans (Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.) couldpotentially be used as an alternative treatment for osteoporosis.This study is aimedto determine the effect of 70% ethanolic extract of long bean on rat bone calciumlevel by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry measurement. Ovariectomymethod is used to represent osteoporosis condition on 36 Sprague Dawley strainfemale rats which are divided into 6 groups. Group I as a sham, group II as anegative control, both had been given with CMC 0.5%, group III, IV, and V aregiven varying doses of long bean extract, 100; 200; and 400 mg/200 g bw ratsrespectively, were suspensed in CMC 0.5%, group VI as a positive control hadbeen given alendronate sodium in aquadest. All groups except sham group wasovariectomized on the first day and then rested for 20 days. Each of them orallyadministered once daily from day 22 to day 50. The bone calcium level wasmeasured on day 51. The results showed that the ethanol extract of long beanincreases bone calcium level higher compared to alendronate sodium. But effectof increasing three varying doses ethanol extract of long bean are the same, sothere is no effective dose of ethanol extract of long bean on increasing the bonecalcium level."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian:Berbagai keluhan yang muncul pada masa menopause sebagian disebabkan karena penurunan kadar estrogen. Salah satu keluhan yang muncul adalah xerostomia. Xerostomia dapat terjadi akibat laju aliran & produksi liur yang tidak adekuat. Hal ini mungkin terjadi karena kelenjar liur tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ovariektomi (ovx) bilateral (yang diasumsikan sebagai penurunan kadar estrogen) terhadap gambaran histologis kelenjar parotis dan kapan terjadinya perubahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor tikus Wistar betina berumur ± 3 bulan dengan berat badan 150-250 g, yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok I (ovx 50 hari), kelompok II (kontrol 50 hari), kelompok III (ovx 100 hari), kelompok IV (kontrol 100 hari). Kelompok I & II dibedah pada hari ke 50, sedangkan kelompok III & IV dibedah pads hari ke 100. Organ yang diperoleh dibuat sajian histologis dengan pewarnaan HE.Hasil dan Kesimpulan:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara jumlah asinus perlapangan pandang, diameter asinus, dan tinggi epitel asinus kelenjar parotis tikus 50 hari dan 100 hari ovariektomi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perbedaan bennakna hanya tampak pada diameter dan tinggi epitel asinus tikes 50 hari ovariektomi dibandingkan dengan tikus ovariektomi 100 hari. Hasil ini kemungkinan disebabkan karena estrogen yang berkurang akibat ovariektomi digantikan oleh estrogen hasil kenaikan berat badan tikus, dan kemungkinan kompensasi estrogen ekstra ovarium 50 hari pascaovariektomi terjadi secara berlebihan. Penelitian ini akan lebih akurat jika diperoleh data kadar estrogen darah.

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Effect of Bilateral Ovariectomy on the Histology of Parotid Gland in Wistar RatsMenopause may comes with complaints, most of which are caused by decreased estrogen concentration. Xerostomia is one of the complaints, as the result of inadequate production and flow rates of saliva due to salivary gland dysfunction. Ovariectomy that will decrease in estrogen levels could lead to xerostomia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bilateral ovariectomy, on histological structure of the parotid gland.

Twenty-four female Wistar rats, aged ± 3 months, weighing 150-250 g, were divided into 4 groups, each group content of 6 rats. Group I, which are sacrificed 50 days after ovariectomy, and Group IT., as unovariectomized control group, was sacrificed on day 50. Group III, which are sacrificed 100 days after ovariectomy, and Group ITT as unovariectomized control group, was sacrificed on day 100. The histological specimens of the organs obtained were stained with HE.

This study found no significant differences in the number of acini per visual field, diameter of acini, and height of acini epithelium at 50 days and 100 days after ovariectomy compare with control. The only differences are in the diameter of acini and height of acini epithelium at 50 days after ovariectomy comparing with 100 days after ovariectomy. These results might be caused by the effect of estrogen produced by nonovarial tissues, as increase body weight was found, and over compensation of estrogen at 50 days after ovariectomy. This study would be more accurate if the blood estrogen concentration was also measured."

"Kombucha dan tanaman secang masing-masing terbukti dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi obesitas, diabetes, hiperglikemia, dan sebagai antioksidan. Kandungan polifenol pada kombucha dapat menurunkan penyerapan dan sintesis asam lemak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kombinasi efek kombucha secang secana in vivo pada hewan model obesitas yang diinduksi dengan pembedahan ovariektomi. Digunakan tikus galur Sprague-Dawley (n=48) yang secara acak dibagi ke dalam 8 kelompok, kelompok sham, kelompok negatif, kelompok positif (tamoksifen 0,45 mg/200 gram BB), kelompok ekstrak secang (20 mg/200 gram BB), kelompok kombucha (1 mL/200 gram BB), kelompok kombucha secang dosis 1 (1 mL/200 gram BB), kombucha secang dosis 2 (3 mL/200 gram BB), dan kombucha secang dosis 3 (3 mL/200 gram BB 3 kali sehari). Dilakukan pengukuran berat badan, indeks Lee, dan kadar glukosa darah selama penelitian. Efek kombucha secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) sebagai antidiabetes diamati dengan memeriksa kadar glukosa darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombucha secang pada dosis 1 (1 mL/200 gram BB) dapat secara optimal menurunkan kadar glukosa darah.

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Kombucha and sappan plants have each been shown to be used to treat obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, and as antioxidants. The content of polyphenols in kombucha can reduce the absorption and synthesis of fatty acids. This study was conducted to determine the combined effects of kombucha secang in vivo on animal models of obesity induced by surgical ovariectomy. Sprague-Dawley strain rats (n=48) were randomly divided into 8 groups, sham group, negative group, positive group (tamoxifen 0.45 mg/200 g BW), secang extract group (20 mg/200 g BW), kombucha group (1 mL/200 g BW), secang kombucha dose 1 (1 mL/200 g BW), secang kombucha dose 2 (3 mL/200 g BW), and secang kombucha dose 3 (3 mL/200 g BW 3 times a day). Body weight, Lee index, and blood glucose levels were measured during the study. The effect of kombucha secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as antidiabetic was observed by checking blood glucose levels. The results showed that kombucha secang at dose 1 (1 mL/200 gram BW) can optimally reduce blood glucose levels.

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"Kanker payudara saat ini merupakan salah satu kanker yang paling banyak didiagnosis dan menjadi penyebab kematian kanker tertinggi di dunia. Prosedur oophorectomy menjadi pilihan untuk mencegah perkembangan kanker payudara. Pasangan menjadi salah satu individu yang beresiko mengalami dampak pada aspek seksual akibat prosedur ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi aspek seksualitas pasangan pasien kanker payudara yang menjalani prosedur oophorectomy. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Wawancara semi terstruktur dilakukan pada 11 orang dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini memunculkan tiga tema antara lain: 1) menurunnya fungsi seksual suami; 2) cara menahan diri untuk tidak berhubungan seksual; 3) mengalami perubahan peran sebagai perawat istri daripada kekasih; dan 4) perubahan fungsi seksual dan psikologis istri yang mempengaruhi fungsi seksual suami. Perawatan holistik yang berorientasi pada pemecahan masalah seksual antara pasien dan pasangan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan perawatan kanker.

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Breast cancer is currently one of the most diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of cancer death on worldwide. The oophorectomy procedure is an option to prevent the development of breast cancer. Husband is the person at risk experiencing impacts on sexual aspects due to this procedure. The purpose of this study was to explore the sexuality aspects of spouses of breast cancer patients who underwent oophorectomy procedures. This study used a descriptive qualitative research design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 participant in this study. The results of this study find three themes including: 1) the decline of husband sexual function; 2) how to refrain from having sex; 3) experiencing role changes as wife caregiver rather than a lover; and 4) changes on the wife sexual and psychological functions that affect the husband sexual function. Holistic care oriented towards solving sexual problems between patients and spouses is used to improve the quality of cancer care services."

"Latar belakang dan Cara penelitian : Berkurangnya produksi estrogen banyak menimbulkan keluhan termasuk perubahan-perubahan di dalam rongga mulut yaitu gigi yang mudah goyang. Estrogen adalah hormon steroid yang terutama dihasilkan oleh folikel ovarium. Pada usia 40 tahun hingga menopause terdapat penurunan ukuran ovarium secara lambat tetapi pasti yang dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Salah satu masalah yang timbul adalah hilangnya jaringan penyambung. jaringan penyambung - mempunyai fungsi utama sebagai penyangga tubuh, Jaringan penyambung dalam rongga mulut adalah jaringan periodontal yang berfungsi sebagai jaringan penyangga gigi. Di dalam penelitian ini hendak dicari pengaruh ovariektomi yang diasumsikan dengan keadaan defisiensi estrogen terhadap keadaan jaringan periodontal.Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus wistar digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok kontrol dan ovariektomi hari ke-50 dan hari ke-100 untuk kemudian dibuat preparat histologis jaringan gigi dengan pulasan trikrom Masson Goldner. Parameter yang diteliti adalah lebar ligamen periodontal, tinggi tulang alveolar, jumlah osteosit dan intensitas pulasan kolagen. Data yang diperoleh diuji variasi normalnya dengan menggunakan Lavene `s-test dan juga berdistribusi homogen setelah diuji menggunakan Kolmogorov-Smirnov test sehingga dilakukan t-test pada setiap parameter.Hasil dan kesimpulan : Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji t menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter menghasilkan p > 0,05 yang berarti tidak menghasilkan perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap pengaruh ovariektomi pada jaringan periodontal. penelitian mendatang hendaknya dilakukan dengan pulasan khusus dan menggunakan metoda yang lebih akurat sehingga informasi yang akan di dapat memperjelas hasil yang telah dilakukan saat ini.

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Background and methode : The lower level os estrogen resulting in any complaint including alterations in oral cavity as unstable teeth. Estrogen is steroid hormone that produced by follicle in ovarium. Starting at 40 up to get menopause, there were decreasing the ovarium size by slowly resulting health problem as the loosing of connective tissue. The connective tissue have the main function as body supporting in oral cavity, periodontal tissue have function as supporting tissue of the teeth. This research aim to explain the effect of ovariectomy that assumed by deficiency of estrogen on periodontal tissue. Twenty four female rats were divided into 4 groups, each consisting 6 rats in control and ovariectomy group at day 50 and day 100 post ovariectomy. Sample removed periodontal tisssue on preparat histology procedure with Trichrome Masson Goldner. Parameter in this research are width of periodontal ligament, height of alveolar bone, amount of osteocyt and intencity of collagen stainning. The result data wasw test by Kolmogorov - Smirnov test and each parameter was evaluated by t-test.

Results and conclusions : All parameter resulting p > 0,05 mean there was no significant difference on ovariectomy rats on periodontal tissue. In the future the research better used by methode specific stainning to get accurate information."

"Phytoestrogen is the chemical compound contains in plant which has estrogenic like effect. Estrogen has important function on woman?s sexual organ, such as proliferation of uterine and vaginal cornification. Phytoestrogen are weak agonists for estrogen and illicit statistic significantly increases in uterine wet weight, atdefinite dose, in uterothrophic bioassay. Biji Klabet or Fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) contains steroidal sapogenins such as diosgenin, tigogenin, gitogenin, yamogenin and trigoneoside, that suspected having an estrogen-like effect or as phytoestrogen. The aim of this research was to investigate the estrogeniceffect of fenugreek?s ethanolic extract in ovariectomized and immature rats models. These models represent the limacteric/menopause phase, where estrogen level is very low because ovary produces no estrogen. The testing animals were divided into normal group, ovariectomized control group, estradiol control group and three leveldoses of fenugreek extract (30mg/200gBW; 60mg/200gBW and 120mg/200gBW). The result indicated that start on 60mg/200gBW, fenugreek extract significantly could increasing mammary gland proliferation. Empirically fenugreek containing diosgenin, that caused breast enhancement. This research showed that treatmentwith fenugreek extract can caused proliferation of mammary gland, both on immature and ovariectomized rats."

"Phytoestrogen is the chemical compound contains in plant which has estrogenic like effect...."

"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ovariectomy, the influences of estrogen replacement therapy and / or suplemen CavitD3 on mandible's calsium contents of animal's models. Forty-five female rats were used in this researched. Five rats were sacrificed for unoperated basal controls and the others were bilaterally ovariectomized. The ovariectomized animals were devided into 8 groups and two of these groups were only ovariectomized, the others were treated by estrogen replacement therapy. CavitD3 and combination of both per oral for 2 and 4 weeks and then were sacrificed. Mandible's calsium contents were analyzed by Ion Selective Electrode methode after demineralized with 10% phosphoric acid for 24 hours. Result : there were significant increased of mandible's calcium content at 2 weeks post-ovariectomy, but the results decreased at 4 weeks post-ovariectomy. Estrogen replacement therapy and treated with CavitD3 for 2 and 4 weeks or combination of both for 2 weeks increased the mandible's calsium contents of ovariectomized rats, but therapy combination with estrogen and CavitD3 for 4 weeks had a protective effect to mandible's calsium contents of ovariectomized rats."