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"Skripsi ini ingin melihat pengaruh dari pendidikan orang tua yang berhenti sekolah yang dilihat melalui lama sekolah ayah dan ibu terhadap pendidikan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan data cross-section dengan analisis data sekunder menggunakan regresi logistik (firthlogit) dari Survei Aspek Kehidupan Rumah Tangga (SAKERTI) gelombang 4 (2007) dan gelombang 5 (2014). Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa lama sekolah dari ayah dan ibu tidak memengaruhi pendidikan anak di setiap jenjang pendidikan. Selain itu, terdapat faktor lain yang juga memengaruhi pendidikan anak seperti faktor dari anak itu sendiri dan faktor lain dari orang tua.

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This thesis wants to see the effect of the education of parents who quit school seen through the years of schooling, father and mother on children's education. This study uses cross-section data with secondary data analysis using logistic regression (firthlogit) of wave 4 (2007) and wave 5 (2014) of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). The study found that the years of schooling of fathers and mothers did not affect the education of children at every level of education. Also, other factors influence children's education, such as factors from the child itself and the other factors from parents."

"Melalui pendekatan fungsi produksi rumah tangga, pengaruh ibu bekerja selama fase emas anak terhadap kualitas anak dinyatakan sebagai gabungan antara time effect, yang berdampak negatif, dan income effect, yang berdampak positif, sehingga net effect menjadi ambigu dan dapat menjadi sumber dilema bagi keluarga. Studi empiris di Indonesia tentang masalah ini masih sangat terbatas, sehingga studi ini berusaha mendapatkan bukti empiris pengaruh ibu bekerja selama fase emas anak (0-5 tahun) terhadap pencapaian pendidikan anak di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data longitudinal Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) periode 1993-2007, studi ini membentuk beberapa kelompok sub-sampel anak yang capaian pendidikannya terobservasi pada IFLS 2007 dan jam kerja ibu terobservasi pada survei IFLS tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Studi ini menemukan pengaruh positif yang signifikan dari rata-rata jam kerja/tahun ibu saat fase emas anak pada probabilita anak menamatkan SD, melanjutkan ke SMP, dan menamatkan SMP. Hasil tersebut tetap robust setelah jarak sekolah terdekat dikontrol sebagai proksi dari variabel sisi penawaran. Hasil empiris ini menunjukkan bahwa keputusan ibu bekerja selama fase emas anak berpotensi memiliki net effect yang positif terhadap pendidikan anak kemudian, dengan potensi dari income effect yang cukup besar dibandingkan dengan time effect.

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Using the household production function approach, mother’s employment during the golden age period may entail a negative time effect and a positive income effect on the child’s quality, of which the net effect is ambiguous and thus may become a source of dilemma for the family. Empirical studies on this issue in Indonesia are still limited, so this study conducted an empirical investigation on whether mother’s employment when the child was in the golden age (i.e., 0-5 years old) would influence the child’s education attainment in Indonesia. Employing the longitudinal data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) of the 1993-2007 period, the study constructed several children sub-sample whose education outcome were observed in the 2007 IFLS; and the mothers’ working hours were reported in the IFLS of the previous years. It was found a significant positive impact of mothers’ working hours to the children’s probabilities of finishing the elementary school, continuing to junior high school, and finishing the junior high school. The results were robust when the nearest distance to school was included to control the supply-side factor. These empirical results show that mothers’ decision to work during the children’s golden age may have generated a substantial income effect greater than the time effect."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji model teoritik pengaruh mediasi keterampilan sosial siswa pada pengaruh keterlibatan orang tua terhadap prestasi akademik siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Prestasi akademik siswa diukur dengan menggunakan Scale of Perceived Academic Achievement SPAA dan skala kompetensi akademik dari alat ukur Social Skills Improvement System SSIS . Keterlibatan orang tua diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur Family Involvement Questionnaire FIQ . Keterampilan sosial diukur dengan menggunakan skala keterampilan sosial parents dan teachers form dari alat ukur SSIS. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah orang tua dari siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif N=365 dan guru kelas N=210 yang mengajar siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar negeri dan swasta inklusif di lima wilayah Kota DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan sosial memediasi pengaruh keterlibatan orang tua terhadap prestasi akademik siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan orang tua memengaruhi prestasi akademik siswa melalui keterampilan sosial yang dimiliki siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Akan tetapi keterampilan sosial hanya memediasi secara parsial, yakni keterlibatan orang tua tetap kuat dan signifikan memengaruhi prestasi akademik siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar keterlibatan orang tua dan keterampilan sosial siswa menjadi fokus utama pihak sekolah dalam meningkatkan dan mengoptimalkan prestasi akademik siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif.

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The aim of this study was to examine the theoretical model of mediation of students social skills on the effect of parental involvement on academic achievement of students with SEN in inclusive primary schools. Students academic achievement was measured by Scale of Perceived Academic Achievement SPAA and academic competence scale of Social Skills Improvement System SSIS . Parental involvement was measured by Family Involvement Questionnaire FIQ . Students social skills was measured by social skills scale parents and teachers form of SSIS. Participants in this study were parents of students with SEN in inclusive primary schools N 365 and classroom teachers N 210 who taught students with SEN in public and private primary inclusive schools in five areas of DKI Jakarta Province. The results showed that social skills mediate the effect of parental involvement on academic achievement of students with SEN in inclusive primary schools. These results indicated that parental involvement affects academic achievement of students with SEN in inclusive primary schools through students social skills. However, social skills only mediate partially, it means that parental involvement remains strong and significantly affect the academic achievement of students with SEN in inclusive primary schools. These findings suggest that parental involvement and students social skills should be the primary focus of the school personnel in order to improve and optimize the academic achievement of students with SEN in inclusive primary schools."

"Keterampilan sosial bagi anak usia dini penting untuk menentukan kesuksesan anak dalam akademik, berhubungan sosial, dan berfungsi sosial. Berdasarkan Early Childhood Development Index tahun 2018, nilai kemampuan sosial emosional anak usia dini di Indonesia berada di bawah angka 70. Sementara itu, perkembangan emosional dan perilaku (emotional and behavioural development) termasuk salah satu dimensi yang perlu dipenuhi dalam memenuhi kesejahteraan dan perlindungan anak. Skripsi ini membahas penanaman sosial emosional anak usia dini yang dilakukan oleh TK Ar Rahman Islamic School dengan melibatkan orang tua peserta didik dari perspektif Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, melihat bagaimana penanaman sosial emosional tersebut dapat memenuhi kesejahteraan sosial anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Informan dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Wawancara melibatkan 6 informan yang terdiri dari Kepala Sekolah, guru kelas, dan orang tua peserta didik yang tergabung dalam Parent Teacher Association (PTA) tahun 2023/2024. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan Mei hingga Juni 2024. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanaman keterampilan sosial anak usia dini yang dilakukan oleh TK Ar Rahman Islamic School dilakukan dengan cara mengajarkan anak dalam mengenal emosi dan berekspresi, berinteraksi, dan berperilaku positif terhadap diri sendiri dan lingkungannya. Sementara itu, keterlibatan orang tua terhadap penanaman keterampilan sosial anak usia dini di TK Ar Rahman Islamic School berupa terlibat dalam kegiatan “Guest Teacher” guna mengajarkan interaksi dan perilaku positif kepada anak. Keterlibatan tersebut termaskuk tipe parenting dan volunteering. Penanaman keterampilan sosial anak usia dini dengan melibatkan orang tua peserta didik di TK Ar Rahman Islamic School berkontribusi dalam upaya memenuhi dimensi perkembangan emosional dan perilaku dalam kerangka kerja kesejahteraan anak dan perlindungan anak dan sebagai bentuk kolaborasi lembaga pendidikan anak usia dini dengan orang tua dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangsih bagi Program Studi Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial pada mata kuliah Kesejahteraan Anak dan Perlindungan Anak & Tingkah Laku Manusia dan Lingkungan Sosial berupa gambaran tentang perkembangan sosial dan emosional anak usia dini.

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Social skills for early childhood are crucial in determining a child's success in academics, social relationships, and social functioning. According to the 2018 Early Childhood Development Index, the socio-emotional abilities of early childhood children in Indonesia are below 70. Meanwhile, emotional and behavioral development is one of the dimensions that need to be fulfilled to ensure the well-being and protection of children. This thesis discusses the fostering of socio-emotional skills in early childhood carried out by Ar Rahman Islamic School Kindergarten by involving parents of students from the perspective of Social Welfare Science, examining how this socio-emotional nurturing can fulfill children's social welfare. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research approach with descriptive research type. The research data were obtained through interviews and documentation studies. Informants were selected using purposive sampling method. The interviews involved 6 informants consisting of the Principal, classroom teachers, and parents of students who are members of the Parent Teacher Association (PTA) for the 2023/2024 academic year. Data collection for this research took place from May to June 2024. The results of this study show that the fostering of social skills in early childhood conducted by Ar Rahman Islamic School Kindergarten involves teaching children to recognize and express emotions, interact, and exhibit positive behavior towards themselves and their environment. Meanwhile, parental involvement in fostering social skills in early childhood at Ar Rahman Islamic School Kindergarten includes participating in the "Guest Teacher" activities to teach interaction and positive behavior to children. This involvement includes types of parenting and volunteering. Fostering social skills in early childhood by involving parents of students at Ar Rahman Islamic School Kindergarten contributes to meeting the dimensions of emotional and behavioral development within the framework of child welfare and child protection and serves as a form of collaboration between early childhood education institutions and parents in enhancing social welfare. This research is expected to contribute to the Social Welfare Science Program in the courses of Child Welfare and Child Protection & Human Behavior and Social Environment by providing an overview of the social and emotional development of early childhood children."

"Latar Belakang : Penilaian risiko karies adalah suatu hal yang penting untuk dilakukan pada saat kunjungan anak ke dokter gigi. CAMBRA versi Indonesia merupakan salah satu metode penilaian risiko karies gigi anak. Di era pandemi Covid-19, frekuensi kunjungan anak dan orang tua ke dokter gigi menjadi berkurang sehingga penilaian risiko karies pada anak sulit dilakukan. Keberadaan telepon pintar dan sistem operasi di dalamnya seperti android, diharapkan dapat mampu bermanfaat bagi orang tua untuk secara langsung menilai risiko karies pada anak. Tingkat pendidikan orang tua merupakan hal yang berpengaruh di dalam penggunaan telepon pintar. Penelitian mengenai aplikasi CAMBRA versi Indonesia berbasis android pada anak usia 0-5 tahun dengan orang tua berpendidikan tinggi belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya di Indonesia. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aplikasi CAMBRA versi Indonesia berbasis android "SKOR GIGI" dalam menilai risiko karies anak usia 0-5 tahun oleh orang tua berpendidikan tinggi. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini dilakukan di Taman Kanak-kanak, PAUD, dan RSKGM FKG UI dengan subjek penelitian adalah 37 orang tua berpendidikan tinggi yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Setelah mengisi informed consent, subjek penelitian diminta mengisi aplikasi SKOR GIGI pada telepon pintar berbasis android. Enam hari setelahnya dilakukan wawancara untuk pengisian formulir CAMBRA versi Indonesia oleh dokter gigi. Hasil kemudian diolah statistik untuk melihat sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dari aplikasi, dan dilakukan uji komparatif antara pengisian aplikasi SKOR GIGI dan formulir CAMBRA versi Indonesia. Hasil : Uji sensitivitas aplikasi SKOR GIGI menunjukkan nilai 96,3%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai duga positif 100%, dan nilai duga negatif 90,9%, yang dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa aplikasi SKOR GIGI valid untuk digunakan. Hasil uji komparatif dengan McNemar menunjukkan p-value 1.000 yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara penilaian risiko karies anak usia 0-5 tahun dengan menggunakan aplikasi SKOR GIGI oleh orang tua berpendidikan tinggi dan formulir CAMBRA versi Indonesia oleh dokter gigi. Kesimpulan : Aplikasi CAMBRA versi Indonesia berbasis android SKOR GIGI dapat digunakan untuk menilai risiko karies anak usia 0-5 tahun oleh orang tua berpendidikan tinggi.

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Background: Caries risk assessment is essential to do during a child's dental visit. The Indonesian version of CAMBRA is a method for assessing the risk of dental caries in children. In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency of dental visits by children and parents has declined, making it difficult to assess caries risk in children. The availability of a smartphone and its operating systems like Android is expected to be useful for parents to directly assess the risk of caries in children. The level of education of parents is an influential factor in their use of smartphones. There has never been any research in Indonesia on the Indonesian version of the Android-based CAMBRA application among children aged 0-5 years by highly educated parents.

Objective: This research aimed to analyze the Indonesian version of the Android-based CAMBRA application “SKOR GIGI” in assessing the caries risk of children aged 0-5 years by highly educated parents.

Methods: This research was conducted in kindergarten, playschool, and RSKGM FKG of UI with 37 parents as with higher education according to the inclusion criteria as the research subjects. Following the completion of the informed consent, the research subjects were instructed to fill out the SKOR GIGI application on their Android-based smartphones. Six days later, an interview was conducted to fill out the Indonesian version of the CAMBRA form by the dentist. The findings were then statistically processed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the application, and a comparative test was performed between filling out the SKOR GIGI application and the Indonesian version of the CAMBRA form.

Results: The results of the tests performed on the SKOR GIGI application indicate a value of 96.3% for sensitivity, 100% for specificity, 100% for positive predictive value, and 90.9% for negative predictive value. It can be interpreted that the SKOR GIGI application is valid to use. The results of the comparative test with McNemar indicated a p-value of 1,000, showing that there was no significant difference between the caries risk assessment of children aged 0-5 years using the SKOR GIGI application by highly educated parents and the Indonesian version of the CAMBRA form by dentists.

Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the Android-based CAMBRA application SKOR GIGI can be used to assess the caries risk of children aged 0-5 years by highly educated parents."