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"Copepoda merupakan zooplankton yang dominan di lautan, dan mempunyai peranan penting dalam rantai makanan di ekosistern perairan, termasuk perairan mangrove (estuarine). Penelitian mengenai Copepoda di perairan mangrove Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, telah dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 1997 dan April 1998. Dari hasil identifikasi ditemukan sebanyak 25 jenis yang termasuk dalam 17 marga, 12 suku, dan 4 bangsa (ordo). Calanoida merupakan ordo yang paling besar, dengan jumlah anggota 17 jenis. Frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi ditemukan pada Acartia erythraea dan Pseudodiaptomus incisus, masing-masing 58,34% dan 52,08%. A. erythraea paling melimpah pada bulan April (rata-rata 7,81% dan 10,59%) dengan kepadatan maksimal 102 ind./l.; sedangkan P. incisus paling melimpah pada bulan Oktober (rata-rata 6,56% dan 14,73%) dengan kepadatan maksimal 62 ind./l.Keanekaragaman jenis Calanoida berkisar antara 0,424-0,849, kemerataan individu tiap jenis 0,256-0,429, kekayaan jenis 0,610-2,471, kesamaan jenis antara dua lokasi 0,182-0,933. Hasil analisis kluster pada musim dan waktu pengamatan yang berbeda, tidak terbentuk pengelompokan. Meskipun demikian terdapat kecenderungan pada St. 1, 2, dan 3 membentuk kelompok yang terpisah dari St. 4. Penyebaran dan kelimpahan Copepoda sangat dipengaruhi oleh salinitas. Kisaran salinitas pada bulan Oktober 18,1-31,7 %0 dan 9,2-29,1 %0 pada bulan April. Selain salinitas, pengaruh musim juga turut menentukan komposisi jenis dan kelimpahan Copepoda.

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Copepods is a dominant group of marine zooplankton, and has an important role in the marine food chain. Copepods lives in various habitats, in freshwater, estuarine, and marine. Information on copepods in Indonesia mostly came from expedition reports on East Indonesian waters. Nevertheless, information concerning copepods in mangrove waters (estuarine) is very limited. The Cilacap mangrove waters has a unique ecosystem. It has high estuarine biodiversity lives, in which of them is copepods. From this fact, a study on the taxonomy and community structure of copepods in Cilacap mangrove waters was conducted on October 1997 and April 1998.The aims of study is to know the diversity and fluctuation of copepods species, the relationship community structure of copepods with the environmental factors in Cilacap mangrove waters, to available information on description and illustration of copepods that area from two seasons.Twenty-five species belonging to 12 families was recorded. They include 17 species of Calanoida, three species of Poecilostomatoida, four species of Cyclopoida, and one species of Harpacticoida. Two species showed high frequency of occurrence and abundance, i.e. Pseudadiaptonius incises at dry season, and Acartia erytlhraea at wet season. This indicated that the two species were common and distributed more widely than others.The highest diversity and richness indices of copepods species were found in Sapuregel (St. 3) at two seasons, and Teluk Penyu had highest evenness index at dry season. Donan mouth river and Sapuregel had the highest similarity index at dry season. Cluster analysis resulted in one group at all study on October 1997 and April 1998. Stations 1, 2, and 3 had the highest relationship than station 4. The water conditions of Cilacap mangrove waters showed that salinity ranged from 9,2-31,7 %0 temperature ranged from 25-32°C, pH ranged from 6,58-8,74, turbidity ranged from 0-7 NTU, DHL ranged from 10,4-44,7 mg/l, and DO ranged from 4,40-8,52 mg/l."

"Perairan Berau merupakan salah satu perairan estuaria yang menarik untuk diteliti karena perairan tersebut masih memiliki biodiversitas tinggi, salah satu di antaranya kopepoda. Kopepoda merupakan kelompok dominan dalam komunitas zooplankton laut dan berperan penting dalam rantai makanan dalam ekosistem laut. Penelitian dilakukan di 10 stasiun pada bulan Agustus 2005. Tujuanan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi kopepoda yang meliputi kelimpahan, dominansi, keanekaragaman, keseragaman jenis, dan menyediakan ilustrasi dan deskripsi jenis yang ditemukan. Sampel kopepoda dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan jaring plankton “NORPAC” yang ditarik secara horizontal dengan menggunakan perahu. Komunitas kopepoda didominasi oleh ordo Calanoida. Hal lain yang menarik pada penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya satu jenis Centropages dorsispinatus. Dua jenis lainnya (Oncaea sp. Dan Kelleria sp) diidentifikasi sebagai jenis baru yang masih memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dalam publikasinya sebagai jenis baru. "

"Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mencoba mengidentifikasi kerusakan hutan mangrove di Segera Anakan Cilacap dan hubungannya dengan sebaran konsentrasi Klorofil A. Citra dijital langsat TM 5 bulan September 1994 dan Desember 2000 peta dijital topografi digunakan dan survey lapangan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa luas hutan mangrove telah berubah dari 12056 ha menjadi 9671 ha atau menyusut 20 persen dalam kurun waktu 6 tahun. Sementara atas dasar kerapatannya sekitar 12 persen hutan mangrove telah rusak. Secara spasial tidak ada korelasi antara distribusi konsentrasi Klorofil A dengan kerapatan vegetasi mangrove. Pola arus pasang dan arus sungai diduga berpengaruh terhadap pola distribusi Klorofil A yang terbentuk. "

"Mangrove is an essential natural resources and vital component for coastal areas both ecology and socio-economic. Adapted mangrove vegetarian on tsunami disaster is important information for mangrove rehabilitation post-tsunami. The aim of the research was to determine the structure and species richness of mangrove vegetation post-tsunami in Aceh and Nias Island by vegetation analyses and inventory methods. Field survey was carried out in March 2005 - three months after tsunami disaster. We found 20 adapted mangrove species post-tsunami in Nias Island, dominated by rhizophora apiculata. Land system of KJP was compound of 17 adapted mangrove species, and land system of PTG and KHY were each compound of 7 adapted mangrove species. Based on our research, we recommended that R. apiculata is the first priority species to be used for mangrove rehabilitation in Nias Island "

"Penelitian mengenai Polychaeta di hutan mangrove, perairan Teluk Kotania, Seram Barat telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari 1996. Dari sampel yang telah dikumpulkan diketahui bahwa di lokasi Teluk Kotania terdapat 40 jenis Polychaeta yang digolongkan ke dalam 36 marga dan 13 suku. Dua jenis di antaranya mempunyai frekwensi kehadiran yang tinggi yaitu Pulliella sp dan Armandia intermedia masing-masing (89%). Rata-rata kepadatan individu Polychaeta di lima lokasi berkisar antara 12.102 individu/m3 - 21.307 individu/m3 , keanekaragaman jenis berkisar antara 2,44 - 3,78 dan kemerataan jenis berkisar antara 0,56 - 0,78. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan jenis di lima lokasi penelitian sangat ditentukan oleh kontribusi Pulliella sp dan Armandia intermedia. Hasil pengukuran terhadap faktor fisik lingkungan diperoleh kisaran nilai rata-rata salinitas 22,50/00 - 27°loo; suhu 29,5°C - 31°C dan pH 7,8 - 8,4. Sedangkan hasil analisis terhadap tekstur sedimen menunjukkan bahwa umumnya lokasi penelitian bersubstrat pasir sangat kasar, kecuali Pulau Burung didominasi oleh pasir sedang. Hasil analisis cluster dan analisis diskriminan di lima lokasi membentuk dua kelompok. Kelompok I terdiri atas Pulau Tatumbu dan Pulau Burung, sedangkan kelompok II terdiri dari Pelita Jaya 2, Pulau Buntal, dan Pelita Jaya I. Pengelompokan tersebut berdasarkan kepadatan jenis dan substrat. Janis Polychaeta yang menyebar pada jarak 0 - 45 m adalah Armandia intermedia, Pulliella sp dan Aphelia sp. Hasil analisis koresponden mendapatkan bahwa pengelompokan terbentuk berdasarkan kepadatan dan spesifikasi jenis di lokasi tertentu.

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Polychaeta is a group of invertebrates which is important in the marine food chain, particularly for demersal fishes, shrimps, and crabs. Polychaeta lives in various habitats, in muddy, sandy, and stony bottoms. Information about Polychaeta in Indonesian waters, especially in Maluku waters, has not yet been known well. Based on those fact, a research on the community structure and distribution of Polychaeta of mangrove forest in the waters of Kotania Bay was conducted in February 1996. Samples were collected from five stations using a transect method. The aim of the study was to find out the relationship of Polychaeta community structure with the environmental factors in Kotania Bay. The distribution of Polychaeta of mangrove forest in Kotania Bay was also studied. Hopefully, the results of this study can be used as basic information for futher research. During the study, 40 species of Polychaeta belonging to 36 genera of 13 families were collected from the locality. Two species showed high frequency of occurrence (89%), i.e. Pa/lie/la sp and Armandia infermedia. This indicated that the two species were common and distributed more widely than the others. The highest' density of Polychaeta was in Burung Island (21.307 indlm3) and the lowest was in Pelita Jaya 1 (12.102.ind/m3). The highest density of Polychaeta in Burung Island was mainly due to the highest density of Pulliella sp, Armandia intermedia, and A. lepfocirrus. The highest diversity and evenness indeces of Polychaeta species were found in Buntal island. Tatumbu Island and Burung Island had the highest similarity index. The water conditions of Kotania Bay showed that salinity ranged from 22,5°100 to 27°1°0, temperature ranged from 29,5°C to 31°C, and pH varied between 7,8 and 8,4. Substrates mostly contained sand with the very high percentage of very coarse sand. Cluster analysis divided the five station into two groups : Group 1, defined by Tatumbu Island and Burung Island, and Group II, defined by Pelita Jaya 2, Buntal Island, and Pelita Jaya 1. Discriminant analysis also divided the stations into two groups. Medium sand in the substrat was responsible in separating the five stations into two different communities. Factorial Correspondence Analysis (CA) classified the species of Polychaeta into four group based on species densities and specification of species in the location."

"Kawasan Segara Anakan merupakan habitat mangrove yang masih lengkap berdasarkan formasi vegetasinya. Keberadaan mangrove mempunyai manfaat bagi masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2010 sampai Januari 2011. Penelitian ini untuk melihat perubahan secara kuantitatif dan spasial, prediksi trend perubahan luasan hutan mangrove, dan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelestarian mangrove di Kawasan Segara Anakan, Kelurahan Kotawaru, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu analisis Overlay dan diskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah Regresi Linear Sederhana dan Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penyusutan luasan hutan mangrove, tahun 1991 (5.900 ha), tahun 2001 (5.200 ha), tahun 2005 (3.900 ha), dan tahun 2010 (3.600 ha). Berdasarkan persamaan linear sederhana, di prediksi luasan hutan di Kawasan Segara Anakan akan menjadi 0 ha pada tahun 2033. Berdasarkan persamaan linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara pendidikan, pendapatan, dan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap partisipasi dalam pelestarian hutan mangrove di Kelurahan Kotawaru, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah.

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Segara Anakan Region is the habitat of mangrove which is still complete based on vegetation formation. The existence of mangrove has some advantages for the coastal inhabitants. The research has been accomplished in December 2010 - January 2011. The objectives of the research are to find out the quantitative and spatial changes, and the prediction in the change of mangrove area, and is to see the community's participation in conserving the mangrove in Segara Anakan Region, Kotawaru, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. The method used in the research are analysis of overlay, descriptive with Surveys approach. The statistic analysis used is Simple and Multiple Regression Linear.

The research indicated that the mangrove area has decreased, in year 1991 (5.900 ha), 2001 (5.200 ha), 2005 (3.900 ha), and 2010 (3.600 ha). Based on the Simple Linear Equation, the mangrove will be predicted to become 0 ha in 2033. Based on the statistic analyses indicates that there is a positive relation between education, income, community?s knowledge to the community?s participation in conserving mangrove in Kotawaru, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia."

"Kepadatan penduduk yang meningkat secara signifikan berpotensi menyebabkan berkurangnya hutan mangrove di Segara Anakan. Pola keruangan sensitivitas penyusutan hutan mangrove di Segara Anakan dikaji berdasarkan variabel jarak dari permukiman, jarak dari tambak, sedimentasi, salinitas, dan pasang surut air laut. Penentuan bobot tiap variabel dengan menerapkan metode AHP dan analisis data. Teknik overlay petajuga digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat sensitivitas penyusutan hutan mangrove yang kemudian dilakukan verifikasi data untuk validasi. Hasil Analisis menunjukkan bahwa pola keruangan sensitivitas wilayah tinggi terjadi di Desa Ujungalang dan Klaces, sensitivitas yang tergolong sedang terdapat di Desa Ujungalang dan Panikel, dan sensitivitas tergolong rendah terdapat di Desa Kutawaru, Panikel, Ujunggagak, dan Ujungalang.

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The density of citizen increased significantly which potentially cause a decreasing of ​​mangroves forest in the Segara Anakan region. Spatial sensitivity patterns of shrinking mangroves in Segara Anakan assessed based on the variable types within distance from settlements, distance from fishponds , sedimentation, salinity, and high and tide of ocean. Each variable quality determined by applying the AHP method and data analysis occuring maps overlay technique. After overlay, data is being verificated for validating purposes. The peripheral Spatial pattern sensitivity of high level mangrove shrinking occured in Ujungalang and Klaces village, then normal level sensitivity of mangrove shrinking occured in Ujungalang and Panikel village, meanwhile lov level sensitivity of mangrove shrinking occured in Kutawaru, Ujunggagak, Panikel, and Ujungalang village."