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"The dynamic of Zinc (Zn) concentration was determined in saliva and blood serum related to periodontal treatment need of student Faculty of Dentistry. The Zn concentration was determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer, and questionnaire was used to measure stress condition and CPITN index was examined by using the standard hand instruments and WHO probe. Almost of concentration of Zn in saliva and blood serum were decrease significantly (p<0,001 & p<0.0S)) in stress condition. While CPITN index was increase significantly in stress condition (p<0.000I). These results suggest that Zn is linked to oral saliva ecosystem under physiological stimuli, and than Zn accumulates in the salivary gland during saliva enzyme activities. This condition supported the occur of periodontal disease."

"The Zinc (Zn) concentration was determined from salivary gland of Wistar King A (WKA) rats. The salivary glands are divided in to sub-lingual, sub-mandible and parotis. The Zn concentration was determined within 15-60 minutes of restraint stress. Concentration of Zn in sub-mandible, parotis and sub-Lingual glands was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in the control group. Further more at Zinc concentration in sub-mandible gland at 30 min restraint stress was increase (p<0.001), and decrease significantly at 49 min by restraint stress. By the way, Zn concentration in parotis gland was increase significantly (p<0.0001) after 60 min restraint stress. The results suggest that Zn is linked to oral saliva under physiological stimuli, and that Zn accumulates in the salivary gland during salivary enzyme activity."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Special Edition KPPIKG XIV: 379-382Oral infection can have an adverse effect on other organs of the body. Oral infection especially periodontitis may effect the course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, pre-term low birth weight infant and respiatory disease. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the current status of oral infection especially periodontitis as a potential risk factor of systemic diseases. Three main pathways linking oral infection to secondary systemic effects have been proposed: metastatic infection, metastatic injury and metastatic inflammation. Periodontitis can cause bacteria to enter the blood stream and activate immune cells. These activated cells produce inflammatory cytokines that have a destructive effect thtoughout the entire body. Therefore, periodontitis as a mayor oral infection may eflect the host's susceptibility to systemic disease."

"Periodontal status is a periodontum condition evaluated by using plaque index, calculus index, gingival index and pocket index. The main mediator of periodontum inflammation is IL-113 examined by ELISA method. There is an evaluation of PMN s in periodontum inflammation, but the leucotoxin as well as the protease in turn lowers the PMN phagocytotic function. Phagocytotic function was measured by flowcytometry. The aim of the study was to evaluate the high risk factors of being type 2 DM. A diagnostic study was conducted by using cross-sectional design on 45 controlled DM (CDM) subjects, 45 uncontrolled DM (UCDM) subjects in the Metabolic Endocrinology Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, as compared to 45 non-DM control subjects. The result of multivariate analysis showed that patients of older age (>54 years old), low periodontum status (periodontal index >1.80), high IL-113 level (>23.70 pg/mL), and low PMN phagocytotic function <<53.47%), were significantly at high risk of having DM compared to non-DM (p<0.05). Lower periodontum status showed an increase in IL-113 level, decrease PMN phagocytotic function, and consequently, an increase in the risk of being type 2 DM."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Prevalensi penyakit periodontal di Indonesia sangat tinggi. Cara penanggulangan penyakit ini yang umum dilakukan adalah ?flap operation? (FO). Penyembuhan FO membutuhkan waktu cukup lama. Beberapa peneliti menemukan berat penyakit periodontal erat kaitannya dengan produksi ?gingival crevicular fluid? (GCF), konsentrasi ?alkaline phosphatase? (ALP) dan protein dalam GCF. Mineral zinc (Zn) berperan dalam berbagai fungsi faali tubuh di antaranya mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka bakar dan bedah mayor. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui manfaat suplementasi Zn per oral terhadap penyembuhan luka FO, dan apakah aktivitas ALP dapat digunakan sebagai parameternya. Sejumlah 23 subyek dibagi dalam 2 kelompok. Kelompok A (12 orang) memperoleh kapsul ZnSO4 220 mg dan kelompok B (11 orang) mendapat plasebo. Masing-masing 3x1 sehari selama 14 hari. FO dilakukan pada hari ke 5. Pada hari ke 5, 12, 19, 26 (F0, K1, K2, K3) dilakkan pemeriksaan klinik dan laboratorik. Data klinik yang diteliti adalah ?papillary bleeding index? (PBI), kedalaman poket, dan kegoyangan gigi. Pemeriksaan laboratorik meliputi konsentrasi Zn plasma; besar produksi, konsentrasi protein dan aktivitas ALP GCF. Status gizi para subyek juga diperiksa. Hasil dan kesimpulan : Status gizi subyek baik. Data PBI dan kegoyangan gigi kelompok A saat K2 menunjukkan kemaknaan penyembuhan klinik. Konsentrasi Zn menunjukkan kemaknaan penyembuhan klinik. Konsentrasi Zn plasma A selama penelitian (F0 149, K1 127, K2 117 ug/dl) walau tidak bermakna. Saat K1 produksi GCF B meningkat bermakna (p < 0,01) dan konsentrasi protein A menurun bermakna (p < 0,01). Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p < 0,01) dari konsentrasi protein A saat K1 dan K3 dibandingkan dengan B. Pemberian ZnSO4 per oral dapat mempercepat penyembuhan FO. Aktivitas ALP GCF tidak mempercepat penyembuhan FO. Aktivitas ALP GCF tidak dapat dinilai, sehingga penggunaan ALP GCF sebagai parameter penyembuhan tersebut belum dapat disimpulkan.

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Scope and Method of Study: the prevalence of periodontal disease in Indonesia is still high. Flap operation (FO) is the common therapy for this disease is closely related to the production of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and protein levvel in GCF. Zinc (Zn) is a mineral with various physiological functions eg to accelerate the healing process of burns and wounds after surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the benefit of Zn given orally to wound healing after FO and whther the GCF ALP could be used as the parameter of the healing. The 23 subjects were devided into 2 groups. Group A (12 persons) received 220 mg ZnSO capsuls and group B (11 persons) received placebo 3 ti d for 14 days. FO was done on day 5 of the study. On day 5, 12, 19, 26 (FO, K1, K2, K#) the following were examiner: papillary bleeding index (PBI), pocket depth, looseness of the tooth, plasma Zn level, GCF production, protein level, ALP activity in GCF and the nutritional status was assessed.

Findings and conclusions: all the subjects were in good nutritional status. PBI and the looseness of the tooth of group A on K2 showed significant clinical healing. Although not significantly different the plasma Zn level of group A (FO 208, K1 227, K2 209 ug/dl) was higher than group B (FO 149, K1 127, K2 117 ug/dl). The GCF production of group B on K1 was significantly increased (p <0,01) and GCF protein level of group A was significantly decreased (p < 0,01). The difference in protein level between group A and group B on K1 and K3 was significant (p<0,01). Thus ZnSO4 given orally accelerated the healing of the FO wound. The use of GCF ALP as a parameter for the healing of an FO wound could not yet be proven.

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"Polimorfisme genetik IL-1β pada wanita menopause sebagai faktor risiko penyakit periodontal. Penyakit periodontal merupakan penyakit oral dengan etiologi yang multifaktorial serta dapat terjadi pada wanita postmenopause. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran polimorfisme genetik IL-1β pada populasi wanita postmenopause Indonesia sebagai faktor risiko penyakit periodontal. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif menggunakan sampel biologi tersimpan sebanyak 55 buah. Hasil ekstraksi DNA, dilakukan pemeriksaan polimorfisme IL-1β +3954 menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP dengan digest enzim restriksi Taqα 1 kemudian hasilnya dielektroforesis. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan tes chi-square. Hasil: Gambaran frekuensi genotipe adalah CC 85,7%, CT 14,3%, dan TT tidak ada pada orang yang normal. CC 91,7%, CT 8,3%, and TT tidak ada pada orang yang memiliki penyakit periodontal. Simpulan: Polimorfisme genetik IL-1β pada wanita pascamenopause Indonesia bukan merupakan faktor risiko penyakit periodontal.

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Periodontal disease is a disease with multifactorial etiology that can occur in postmenopausal women. Objective: This research aims to know the description of the genetic polymorphism of IL-1β inpostmenopausal women in Indonesia as a risk factor for periodontal disease. Methods: This study is a descriptive study on 55 biological stored amples. Sample’s extracted DNA was analysed for polymorphisms IL-1β+3954 using PCR-RFLP method with Taqα 1 restriction enzyme digests then the result was electroforized.Research results were analyzed using chi square test. Results: The genotype CC frequency was 85.7%, CT 14.3%, and TT was absent in normal people. CC 86.5%, CT 8.3%, and TT did not exist in people who have periodontal disease. Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms IL-1β in Indonesia’s postmenopausal women is not a risk factor for periodontal disease. "

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian zinc (Zn) per oral dan aktivitas 'alkaline phosphatase' (ALP) dalam `gingival crevicular fluid' (GCF) saat pasca 'flap operation' (FO) guna mendapatkan data dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka bedah. Kepada 12 pria dewasa diberikan ZnSO4 220 mg 3 x 1 sehari selama 14 hari. F0 dilakukan pada hari ke 5. Pemeriksaan 'papillary bleeding index' (PBI), kedalaman poket periodontal, kegoyangan gigi, produksi GCF, konsentrasi protein dalam GCF, aktivitas ALP dalam GCF, konsentrasi Zn plasma, dilakukan pada hari ke 5, 12, 19, dan 26. Kesehatan dan status grzi subyek diperiksa dengan meneliti konsentrasi kreatinin serum serta melakukan '3 days recall dietary survey'. Sebagai kontrol adalah 11 pria dewasa yang diberi 'saceharum lactis' 50 mg dan perlakuan yang sama. Ternyata pemberian Zn tersebut sudah berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas ALP GCF sejak hari ke 5 dan aktivitas ini menurun terus mengikuti waktu penelitian.

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ABSTRACT

The Relationship Between Zinc Preparation Given Per Oral and Post Periodontal Surgical Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in the Gingival Crevicular FluidThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between zinc preparation given per oral and post flap operation alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid, (GCF). This study investigated the zinc effect on periodontal surgical healing process. 12 men taken 220 mg ZnSO4 3 times a day for 14 days. The FO performed at day 5. The assessment of papillary bleeding index (PBI), periodontal pocket depth, tooth mobility, GCF production, protein concentration in the GCF, ALP activity in the GCF, plasma Zn concentration were performed at day 5, 12, 19, 26. The subject health and nutritional status were studied by assessing the serum creatinine concentration and performed the 3 days recall dietary survey. As the control group there was 11 men given 50 mg saccharum lactis and the same treatments. The effect of Zn given on GCF ALP activity has been seen on day 5 and this activity continued to decrease along the investigation time."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) adalah suatu kelainan penyempitan pembuluh darah arteri jantung yang berhubungan dengan akumulasi lokal dari lipid, dalam bentuk kolesterol dan trigliserid. Penyakit periodontal merupakan inflamasi kronis yang berperan dalam perkembangan PJK. Pada periodontitis dilaporkan terjadi perubahan profil lipid berupa peningkatan kadar kolesterol dan LDL dalam darah. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kadar kolesterol dalam darah dengan status periodontal pada penderita PJK dan non PJK. Metode: 60 penderita PJK dan 40 kontrol diperiksa status periodontal dan diambil sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol. Hasil: Kadar kolesterol darah penderita PJK berbeda dengan non PJK. Terdapat hubungan antara kadar kolesterol darah dengan status periodontal pada penderita PJK dan non PJK. Kesimpulan: Kadar kolesterol darah pada non PJK lebih tinggi daripada penderita PJK. Kadar kolesterol darah penderita PJK berhubungan dengan kedalaman poket dan kehilangan perlekatan. Kadar kolesterol darah non PJK berhubungan dengan kedalaman poket.

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Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an abnormal narrowing of heart arteries associated with local accumulation of lipids, in the form of cholesterol. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory that sugested link to the development of CHD. In periodontitis have been reported changes in lipid profile, include increased of cholesterol and LDL levels of blood.

Objective: to analyse correlation between blood cholesterol level with periodontal status of CHD patients and control group.

Methods: Periodontal status of 6 CHD patient and 40 control group was measured. Measurement of blood cholesterol level on both group.

Result: Blood cholesterol level in CHD patients differ from control group. Blood cholesterol level associated with periodontal status.

Conclusion: Blood cholesterol level in control group higher than CHD patients. Blood cholesterol level positively associated with pocket depth and clinical attachment loss in CHD patients. Blood cholesterol level positively associated with pocket depth in control group."