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"Setiap pihak yang berinvestasi dalam saham mengharapkan dividen dan atau capital gains. Perseroan dalam membagi dividen kepada pemegang sahamnya mempunyai dua cara yaitu secara tunai dan non tunai. Metode non tunai yang terkenal adalah share buy back. Perlakuan pajak atas penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back dapat dikenakan sebagai dividen atau capital gains. Perlakuan sebagai dividen atau capital gains menjadi rumit di lapangan karena adanya beberapa bentuk dan kondisi share buy back yang berbeda. Adanya beberapa bentuk dan kondisi share buy back yang berbeda perlu dipelajari dan dicermati secara baik oleh pembuat kebijakan perpajakan untuk merumuskan bagaimana seharusnya perlakuan perpajakan terhadap penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back yang diterima atau diperoleh pemegang saham. Kebijakan perpajakan diharapkan mengacu kepada hakekat ekonomi yang terjadi dalam setiap Janis transaksi share buy back Dengan demikian asas keadilan, netralitas dan kepastian hukum bagi Wajib Pajak dapat diterapkan dengan baik.Pokok permasalahan tesis ini adalah bagaimana penentuan obyek pajak atau penentuan dasar pengenaan pajak atas penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back yang diterima atau diperoleh pemegang saham. Penghasilan tersebut diperlakukan sebagai dividen ataukah sebagai capital gains.Setiap pembagian laba ditahan kepada pemegang saham arahnya menuju ke bentuk-bentuk distribusi dividen termasuk dengan cara share buy back. Untuk itu setiap pengenaan pajak harus didasarkan pada hakekat ekonomi atas transaksi yang sebenarnya. Sehingga tambahan kemampuan ekonomi yang dinikmati wajib pajak yang terlibat dalam transaksi dapat terukur dengan baik. Di dalam Undang-undang PPh disebutkan: setiap tambahan kemampuan ekonomis yang diterima atau diperoleh wajib pajak (realized income), baik yang berasal dari Indonesia maupun dari luar Indonesia (world wide income), yang dapat dipakai untuk konsumsi atau untuk menambah kekayaan wajib pajak yang bersangkutan dengan nama dan dalam bentuk apapun (substance over form principle). Konsep tersebut akan dapat terwujud apabila asas keadilan horisontal dan keadilan vertikal diterapkan dalam tahap pembuatan peraturan sampai tahap implementasinya.Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah metode penelitian dokumen dan lapangan. Penelitian dokumen dilakukan dengan meneliti hasil karya ilmiah dan ketentuan perudang-undangan di bidang perpajakan, perseroan terbatas, pasar modal, termasuk peraturan pelaksanaannya serta prospektus Wajib Pajak terkait. Metode penelitian lapangan dilakukan melalui wawancara kepada analis sekuritas, konsultan pajak, pejabat Bapepam dan pejabat Ditjen Pajak. Sedangkan teknik penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah deskriptif analitis.Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa belum ada ketentuan Pajak Penghasilan yang mengatur secara lengkap, jelas dan menyeluruh tentang perlakuan perpajakan atas penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back. Oleh karena itu disarankan agar segera dikaji secara seksama semua bentuk transaksi share buy back dengan mempertimbangkan ketentuan-ketentuan Undang-undang Perseroan Terbatas, Undang-undang Pasar Modal dan Tax Treaties sehingga dapat dikeluarkan peraturan Pajak Penghasilan yang mengatur secara lengkap, jelas dan menyeluruh tentang perlakuan perpajakan atas penghasilan dari transaksi share buy back.Pokok-pokok yang perlu diatur antara lain: menegaskan bahwa sumber dana share buy back dari laba ditahan merupakan pembagian dividen; dasar pengenaan dividen dari share buy back proporsional adalah atas seluruh pembayaran tetapi jika non proporsional atas selisih harga jual dan beli saja; pada saat menerima/memperoleh penghasilan share buy back tetap sebagai pemegang saham diperlakukan sebagai dividen tetapi jika bukan pemegang saham lagi penghasilan tersebut diperlakukan sebagai capital gains; kepemilikan saham secara efektif tidak berubah setelah share buy back merupakan dividen atas seluruh pembayaran tetapi jika berubah pengenaan dividen hanya atas selisih harga jual dan beli.Untuk mempertahankan prinsip keadilan dan netralitas sebaiknya tarif pajak atas dividen dari berbagai bentuk transaksi share buy back mengacu pada Pasal 23 UU PPh yaitu 15% dan memperhatikan realisasi penghasilan yang sesungguhnya. Atas penghasilan tersebut digabungkan dengan penghasilan lain (global income/global taxation) dan dikenakan satu macam tarif progressif yaitu tarif Pasal 17 UU PPh dengan memperhitungkan pajak yang telah dipotong sesuai definisi penghasilan yang diamanatkan dalam Pasal 4 ayat (1) UU PPh."

"Government needed more income to raise the national budget. They issued instruments to collect income from citizen through debt and foreign currency. Government released Governmental Bonds for domestic market, which sold in retail (ORI) and for international market in foreign currency. Government also presented a law execution regulation to give certainty for the consumers or the taxpayers.Governmental Regulation Number 6 which published in 2002 distinguished the tax procedure for the bonds which imposed only on transactions tradable and reportable to the stock exchange. Income derived or taken from obligation transaction should be based on a global taxation. While, for the international bonds were given the facilities by the government. We would assume that there was an inequality between the bonds for domestic market and for international market. In global taxation, we should not differentiate the income by the source.This research used a quantitative descriptive as the research method. The type and data collection techniques used (1) literature research including on various taxation regulations and another related documents and (2) field research using interviews with such related parties as tax academicians, government as issuer and regulator. They gave several opinion which created differences in equity perspective.Government figured the debt as the best instrument to raise government income. They considered that attracting foreign investor by giving them tax facility was necessary to raise the budget. They named their policy as their budgeting and regulating function. But, we should notice that domestic investor might think the inequality of the tax burden.Therefore, it was suggested to make a comprehensive and equal policy. Based on tax principle, that tax should be fair and equal. It became fair that tax imposed on the income earned from the same source (instrument) equally. If one of them was given the facility, so the other should be given the same facility."

"Seiring dengan pertumbuhan teknologi yang pesat, kebutuhan masyarakat akan teknologi semakin meningkat. Perdagangan melalui internet ataupun secara elektronis mulai digunakan. Kemajuan pesat tersebut sebaiknya dilengkapi dengan Ide-ide kreatif untuk menyediaan konten-konten menarik. Berkembangnya industri kreatif yang didukung oleh infrastruktur teknologi membuka peluang usaha baru yaitu content provider. Bisnis tersebut tentunya tidak terlepas dari pengenaan pajak, terutama PPN. Penelitian ini membahas perlakuan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai atas transaksi-transaksi yang dilakukan oleh content provider.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi transaksi-transaksi yang dilakukan oleh content provider yang kebanyakan transaksi download atas digitized goods, sehingga seringkali susah untuk diidentifikasi penyerahannya. Kemudian, hal ini akan menyangkut pengidentifikasiaan content provider sebagai PKP yang seringkali menjalankan usahanya melalui website (virtual office). Penentuan waktu dan tempat terutang pajaknya juga sama pentingnya untuk diidentifikasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan, dengan didukung wawancara mendalam.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa content provider merupakan Pengusaha Kena Pajak yang melakukan penyerahan barang dan jasa dalam ruang lingkup PPN.

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The rapid growth of technology is followed by the rise of human need on technology. Electronic trade through internet is often carried out currently. Regarding those condition, trade should be complemented by creative idea, in order to provide some interesting content. The growing of creative industry, whose implementation is supported by technology infrastructure, sets off a new business field opportunity, which is content provider. In any case, tax will be imposed on that business, particularly Value Added Tax (VAT). This research is focused on the treatment of VAT toward transactions which are performed by content provider.

The purpose of this research is to identify transactions which are performed by content provider; most of them are download transactions (digitized goods). Therefore, some supplies are often hardly identified whether they are taxable supplies or not. Moreover, this is related to content provider's identification as a taxable person, as regards its business operation is often implemented through website (virtual office). The determination of time and place of consumption is important to be identified as well. This research was using qualitative approach with descriptive research. Researcher was using library research and field research and fully supported by in-depth interview in her collecting data methods.

The result of this research shows content provider is a taxable person who carries out taxable supplies in the term of VAT."

"An employee stock option issued as a form of compensation. Employee stock option are mostly offered to management as part of their executive compensation package. They are also offered to lower staff. Employee stock options (ESOP) are issued as a private contract between the employer and employee. Depending on the vesting schedule and the maturity of the options, the employee may elect to exercise the options at whatever stock price was used as the strike price. At that point, the employee may sell the stock or hold on to it in the hope of further price appreciation. There are a variety of differences in the tax treatment of ESOP having to do with their use as compensation. The fact that the benefits from employee stock option are tax at different times in different countries is a difficulties. Also, same country may tax different parts of the benefits at different times. Based on this problem, the writer is attracted to make a research on the Income Tax Treatment Analysis on Employee Stock Option.The point of this analysis is to find when the income tax should be taxable on the benefit from the ESOP, clasiffy the benefit derived from the ESOP and analyze the international tax issue arising from ESOP. The research approach used is qualitative and the method used is descriptive. It means that the research purpose is to describe and analyze the Income Tax Treatment on Employee Stock Option. The analysis will focus on the tax treatment from the employee point of view. The data collected through in-depth interview between the researcher and the informant considered related to this research.After the research completed, there is three conclusions of this research. First, it is concluded that the Income Tax will be taxable when the stock acquired by the option is sold. This treatment is used based on the realization of income principle. Second, the classification of benefit from ESOP treated as employment income in total or split into employment income and capital gain. And the third, a variety of differences in the tax treatment of ESOP can caused the conflict in international taxation which make double taxation and double non taxation between countries. The double taxation and double non taxation can be minimized through the credit and exemption method provided by countries."

"Corporate charitable giving is growing up in Indonesia. It can be classified into 3 (three) motives which are first a strategy to raise profits, second as a compliance because they are forced to do so, and third as beyond compliance as the company is part of the community. Those three motives do reflecting the income tax treatment on charitable giving. PT X as one of the company also does charity. The charitable giving done by PT X becomes unique since PT X is a Contract of Work (CoW) holder. But practically, the CoW results in law uncertainty. The tax auditor adjusted the charitable giving by PT X which were fund contribution and donation to Aceh and Sumatera Utara.The researcher focuses on charitable giving by PT X with qualitative approach. The researcher would like to identify how PT X does the charitable giving and the law certainty of income tax treatment on those charitable giving. With regards to that, the researcher uses a study-case. The researcher obtains the data from interview, field research and library research.Based on the field and library research, there are situations of charitable giving generally in Indonesia and specifically in PT X. On those charitable giving, there are income tax treatment in income taxation law and the regulations underneath. Spesifically, the researcher observes the income tax treatment of charitable giving done by PT X, which can be gathered from the tax audit cases of OT X.From the situations above, it can be analyzed that the charitable giving done by PT X is divided into 3 (two) kinds which are philanthropy and charity. Besides that, there are three motives of charitable giving, as previously mentioned, practiced by PT X, which are related to the income tax treatment. And the focus of this research is the law certainty of income tax treatment on charitable giving of PT X."

"The sharp increase in oil price automatically will benefit the oil producer, in Indonesia they are production sharing contractor. They receive excess profit from the high sales price in access of increasing oil price. The excess profit usually called as windfall profit, which is an unearned, unanticipated gain in income through no additional effort. This favourable condition on the contrary cause unequal income distribution, where the fairness rationale was strongly influenced by impact of higher energy prices on poorer consumers, where there will be more money on energy expenditure. This condition indicates the declining of government's ability to do their duty in giving transfer payment for citizen, especially petroleum subsidy.This condition had ever hapenned in Indonesia in 1974, when arising oil prices generated windfall profits for the oil company. The political climate at that time dictated that if there was a windfall, then most of that windfall should benefit the government. In order to comply it, negotiations were started through New Deal Agreement. In another country, this happened in United States of America in 1980, where the Federal Government enacted a special federal excise tax called the crude oil windfall profit tax. The tax was enacted basically to recoup much of the large increase in oil industry profits that was anticipated from the decontrol of oil price. The tax was imposed on the difference between the market price of oil, which was called as removal price and the base price that was adjusted quaterly for inflation and state severance tax.Since the fourth generation of Production Sharing Contract in Indonesia, there has not been regulation yet accomodated windfall profit, also in the section of contract. By looking at the history and taking a look at nowaday's sitiuation, the government of Indonesia can consider to enact regulation about windfall profit received by production sharing contractor. This research try to study the windfall profit received by production sharing contractor observed from income tax regulations, especially the concept of income. This research uses qualitative approach descriptive type by using literature, in depth interview, and historical analysis. After all, it shows that windfall profit is excess income received because of the increasing of oil price. So naturally windfall profit is a kind of income according to income concept contempelated by Schainz, Haig, and Simon (SHS Concept) which also adopted by section about Income in Indonesian Income Tax Regulation. By looking at the history, it is recommended for the government of Indonesia to give special treatment in calculating the windfall profit as part of production sharing contractor's income. To calculate windfall profit, it depends on the government regulation regarding how to define windfall profit. What kind of price or threshold price will be used as the base price in determining profit which generates windfall profit.For now, windfall profit can be resulted from the difference between realized market price and Indonesian Crude Price (ICP) multiplied by contractor share. It is caused by ICP which supposed to be a market price of Indonesian oil can not reflect it, because the fact is the ICP always stand below the realized market price, like market price determined by OPEC. This will generate loss potention for Indonesia, where the contractor pay the tax with ICP meanwhile they sell their oil from Indonesia based on realized market price. This recommended formula also to reflect the tax payment of contractor is according to arm's length price. If the windfall profit included in part of contractor's income and multiplied with 44% which is the tax rate applied for contractor, it will raise the change in production sharing, which in favor of government of Indonesia. This thing need the government's attention, calculation, and consideration about this recommended formula. Another several things needed to be considered by the government of Indonesia is the economic, law, and political aspects. So if this policy will be applied, it will reflect the equity between government of Indonesia and the contractor as foreign investor. And Indonesia will not be harmed any more by the condition of the sharp increase in oil price so it will help to enhance the prosperity of Indonesian citizen."

"Skripsi ini membahas perlakuan Undang-undang pajak penghasilan terhadap wajib pajak orang pribadi wanita yang bekerja hanya pada satu pemberi kerja pada tahun 2008. Undang-undang PPH Indonesia memandang laki-laki sebagai pencari penghasilan karena itu bila wanita telah menikah maka wanita tidak berhak memperoleh Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak, yang mendapatkannya adalah laki-laki sebagai suami. Pemberian PTKP ini menentukan besarnya PPh yang harus dibayar yang berarti juga mempengaruhi besar take home pay yang diperoleh. Bila wanita dan suami dalam suatu perkawinan sama-sama bekerja dan tidak pisah harta ataupun pisah harta, yang berhak memperoleh PTKP kawin dan tanggungan adalah suami. Begitupula bila telah hidup berpisah. Jika seorang wanita pekerja dan suaminya pengangguran maka untuk mendapatkan PTKP tanggungan suami, wanita tersebut harus mendapatkan keterangan dari Pemerintah Daerah setempat dan hal ini tidak berlaku untuk kebalikannya, yaitu bila wanita tidak bekerja maka suami tidak perlu mendapatkan keterangan apapun dari Pemerintah Daerah setempat.

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This script is explains about the income tax treatment applied to women's individual taxpayer that only works for one employer in 2008. Viewed by the income tax treatment, man is the one who looking for money, so, married women not entitled to earn personal's exemption, the one who earn it is man as the husband. This giving of personal exemption determine how much tax income that must be paid which also determine how much take home pay that we earned. If women and husband in a marriage work together and do not split the property or split it, the one that entitled to earn the personal exemption for married status and dependents is the husband. Also the same if divorced. If a women is worker and her husband is unemployment, so, to earn a dependent husband of personal exemption, that women must get a detail from local government and this is not applicable to its reverse, such as if women is unemployment, so, husband doesn't need to get any detail from local government."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis penentuan jenis penghasilan yang timbul dari pembayaran penghasilan yang dilakukan perusahaan di Indonesia yaitu PT. PGAS Telekomunikasi Nusatara (PGASCOM) kepada perusahaan-perusahaan asing di Singapura. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah penggolongan jenis penghasilan atas penghasilan dari transaksi sewa kabel fiber optik dan pengadaan akses internet yang dibayarkan PGASCOM ke Singapura, serta perlakuan perpajakan yang harus diterapkan oleh PGASCOM atas pembayaran penghasilan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi literatur dan studi lapangan dengan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan interpretasi di lapangan dalam menafsirkan ketentuan yang berlaku yaitu P3B Indonesia-Singapura sehingga terdapat jenis penghasilan yang berbeda-beda atas penghasilan sewa kabel fiber optic, yaitu Immovable Property, Royalty, dan Business Income. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, jenis penghasilan yang paling tepat untuk kedua transaksi tersebut ditinjau dari P3B Indonesia-Singapura adalah jenis business income. Perusahaan-perusahaan asing Singapura tersebut tidak melakukan kegiatan usaha di Indonesia melalui suatu Bentuk Usaha Tetap, Oleh karena itu Indonesia tidak memiliki hak pemajakan sehingga PGASCOM juga tidak memiliki kewajiban perpajakan atas penghasilan yang dibayarkannya tersebut. Untuk menghindari adanya interpretasi yang berbeda- berbeda maka diperlukan hukum yang lebih pasti mengatur mengenai kriteria-kriteria jenis penghasilan yang terdapat di dalam P3B, misalnya melalui penerbitan Surat Edaran atau mereformasi Undang-Undang Perpajakan. PGASCOM (Wajib Pajak) pun harus lebih aktif dengan mengajukan surat permohonan penegasan ke DJP mengenai hal-hal terkait penentuan jenis penghasilan ataupun perlakuan perpajakan yang harus diterapkan untuk menghindari masalah-masalah di lapangan yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian.

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This undergraduate thesis analyzes the determination of income arising from the payment of income by the company in Indonesia, PT. PGAS Telekomunikasi Nusatara (PGASCOM) to foreign companies in Singapore. The problems examined in this research is the classification of income from the lease of fiber optic cable and income from the purchase of internet access paid by PGASCOM to Singapore’s companies, also the implications of tax treatment applied by PGASCOM for such income. This research uses qualitative approach with literature study and field research method for data collecting.

The results show that there are different interpretations in the field of interpreting the income types for the lease of fiber optic cable on Tax Treaty, such as the Immovable Property, Royalty, and Business Income. Based on the analysis, the determination of income arising from both transactions in terms of Tax Treaty Indonesia-Singapore is Business Income. Singapore companies do not conduct business activities in Indonesia through a Permanent Establishment, therefore Indonesia does not have taxing rights so PGASCOM does not have any tax liability of the payment of such income.

To avoid different interpretations, it requires a specific regulation to adjust the characterization of income contained in Tax Treaty, for example, through the issuance of Circular or reform the Tax Act. PGASCOM (as taxpayer) has to be more active by submitting a confirmation requested letter on matters related to the determination of income or tax treatment that should be applied, to avoid some problems in the field that can cause some loss."

"Under Law of the Republic of Indonesia No 22 of 2001 on Oil & Gas, upstream producers had a domestic market obligation (DMO), which required them to sell a specified portion of their product into the Indonesian domestic market, which is 25% of all oil and gas production. Contractors are obligated to fulfill domestic requirement from the date of commercial operation, at the first contractors are entitled to a 60-month holiday from the date of commercial operation before the DMO must be fulfilled and the prices are same to market price (ICP). The problem is, after 60-month DMO the cost for domestic oil reduce from 10% to 25% market price (ICP) depends on contract. Because the fee below the market price. For that, need to clear how the income tax treatment on the fee from DMO received by the contractors. Is the assignment considered as transaction and how to determine the price for DMO oil as the tax base.The research method that used by researcher is descriptive. It means that the research is described accurately using facts, spoken or written words, actions, and visual images. The approach used in this research is qualitative approach. The main issue in this research is to find out that fee from domestic market requirement which is paid below the Market price are match with accretion concept and the definition of income in income tax law, so DMO fee can describe as taxable income. The data collection technique used in this research is by reading the literature which focuses on the research, and interview. The interview was done with oil and gas expert, cooperation contractor, government institution, and tax expert.The result of this research are the tax on DMO fee which received by joint cooperation contractor has been right, because the taxation of DMO fee had been meet all general act definition of income refer to article 4 (2) Income Tax Law and accretion concept which adopted by income tax system to describe ability-to-pay. DMO fee cannot be considered as a loss, but its difference price can be reduced contractor's taxable income. DMO fee as the income tax object cannot be taxed separately from the contractor's income but it must counted as the whole accretion on contractor income and taxable at specified tariff based on contract rate."