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"Tujuan: mengetahui pengaruh pemberian diet rendah kalori seimbang yang dihitung berdasarkan defisit 1000 kkal/hari dari diet dan olahraga erobik yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan maksimal berolahraga masing-masing individu terhadap berat badan (BB), indeks massa tubuh (MT), tebal lipatan Kulit total (TLK), massa lemak (ML), profil lipid, dan volume oksigen maksimal (VO2max).Tempat : Pusat kebugaran Fit'n Chic, Kelapa Gading.Metodologi : Setelah mendapat persetujuan etik dari Panitia Penilai Etik Penelitian, FKUI diperoleh 26 orang perempuan peserta program penurunan berat badan yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental pre- dan pasca- tes dengan menggunakan subyek yang sama sebagai kontrol dan perlakuan. Masing-masing individu mendapat diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga erobik selama 12 minggu. Diet rendah kalori seimbang diberikan berdasarkan pengurangan pemberian kalori/defisit sebesar 1000 kkal/hari dengan perhitungan diet dikurangi rata-rata antara 600 sampai dengan 800 kkal dan energi yang dikeluarkan selama olahraga erobik yang diprogramakan rata-rata antara 200 sampai dengan 400 kkal. Sebelum diberikan olahraga erobik dilakukan tes Cooper untuk menilai kemampuan maksimal masing-masing individu dalam berolahraga. Olahraga erobik diberikan dengan intensitas 60-80% kemampuan maksimal, frekuensi 5 kali seminggu, lama 60 menit. Diet yang diberikan rata-rata 900 - 1100 kkal/hari.Hasil : Terjadi penurunan berat badan secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 73,6 ± 11,17 kg menjadi 64,9 ± 10,08 kg (penurunan 11,81%); Penurunan IMT secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 29,62 ± 4,53 menjadi 26,10 ± 4.0 kg/m2 (perubahan 11,88%); Penurunan TLK secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 103,31 ± 18,39 mm menjadi 64,53 ± 14,13 mm (perubahan 37,54%); penurunan ML secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 35,60 ± 3,07 menjadi 24,96 ± 4,46 % (perubahan sebesar 29,89%); penurunan TG secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 126,23 ± 44,82 menjadi 109,89 ± 32,89 mg/dL (perubahan 12,94%); penurunan KT secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dart 206,15 ± 22,93 menjadi 182,12 ± 14,09 mg/dL (perubahan 11,66%); penurunan LDL secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dart 130,77 ± 25,11 menjadi 109,27 ± 17,83 mg/dL (perubahan sebesar 16,44%). Terjadi peningkatan VO2max secara bermakna (p < 0,05) dari 27,87 ± 2,75 menjadi 33,70 ± 2,75 ml/kg BB/min (perubahan 20,92%). Terjadi sedikit peningkatan HDL sebesar 0,62 mg/dL (1,24%) yang secara statistik tidak bermakna.Kesimpulan: Dengan diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga erobik dengan dosis yang disesuaikan kemampuan masing-masing individu sangat efektif untuk menurunkan berat badan, IMT, tebal lemak bawah kulit, persentase massa lemak, memperbaiki profil lipid, dan meningkatkan VO2maks.

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Objective: To determine the effects of balanced LCD and endurance exercise with appropriate individual maximal capacity on body weight, body mass index (BM), total skin fold (TSF), percent body fat (BF), lipid profiles, and V02 maxLocation: Fit'n Chic fitness centre, Kelapa Gading.Methods: Twenty six overweight women were studied in a pre and post test, using control group as the same subjects as the treatment group. Subjects received a balanced LCD and endurance exercise for 12 weeks. Balanced LCD was given based on energy deficit 1000 kkal/day from diet and exercise. Deficit from diet was 600 to 800 kkal. The calorie from the diet was given within 900 - 1100 kkal/day and energy expenditure from endurance exercise was 200 to 400 kkal. All subject bad to undergo Cooper test for designing the intensity of the endurance program. Endurance exercise 60 - 80% V02max for 60 minutes, 5 days a week. The procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical Committee of the Department of Medicine, University of Indonesia.Results: Balanced LCD and endurance exercise, decreased body weight 8,7 kg (11,81%) (p< 0,05) from 73,6 ± 11,17 to 64,9 t 10,08 kg BM1 decreased 11,88% (p < 0,05) from 29,62 t 4,53 to 26,10 ±4.0 kglm2), TSF decreased 37,54% (p < 0,05) from 103,31 t 18,39 to 64,53 ± 14,13 mm , percent BF decreased 29,89% (p < 0,05) from 35,60 t 3,07 to 24,96 ± 4,46 % , TG decreased 12,94% (p < 0,05) from 126,23 t 44,82 to 109,89 t 32,89 mg/dL, total cholesterol decreased 11,66% (p < 0,05) from 206,15 ± 22,93 to 182,12 ± 14,09 mg/dL, LDL decreased 16,44% (p < 0,05) from 130,77 ±25,11 to 109,27 ± 17,83 mg/dL, VO2max increased significantly (p < 0,05) before 27,87 ± 2,75 , after 33,70 t 2,75 ml/kg BW/min (changed 20,92%). IIDL increased not significantly (p > 0,05) from 32 ± 14 to 37 ± 16 mg/dL. The balanced LCD and endurance exercise with exact dose appropriate to individual performance resulted in significant weight loss, reduced BMI, TSF, percent BF, and improved lipid profiles and VO2max."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian dengan rancangan uji klinis paralel acak tersamar ganda ini bertujuanmengetahui perubahan kadar apo B pada penyandang obes I setelah suplementasiserat psyllium husk (PH) 8,4 g/hari dan diet rendah kalori seimbang (DRKS) 1200kkal/hari selama 4 minggu. Berdasarkan kriteria penelitian, didapat 31 orangsubyek yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, 15 orang kelompok perlakuan (KP)dan 16 orang kelompok kontrol (KK). Subyek KP mendapat PH 8.4 g/hari danDRKS, sedangkan KK mendapat plasebo dan DRKS. Data yang diperolehmeliputi sebaran dan karakteristik subyek, asupan energi, makronutrien, serat, danair, serta kadar apo B awal dan akhir penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan uji ttak berpasangan dan Mann-Whitney, batas kemaknaan 5%. Sejumlah 28 subyekdapat mengikuti penelitian hingga selesai (KP dan KK masing-masing 14). Tidakdilaporkan efek samping berbahaya selama perlakuan. Sebagian besar subyekperempuan, median usia subyek KP dan KK berturut-turut 35,0 (30−45) tahun dan34,50 (30−48) tahun, IMT 28,0 ± 1,1 kg/m2 dan 27,2 ± 1,4 kg/m2. Jumlah asupanenergi total subyek KP 1130,9 ± 221,9 kkal/hari lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02)daripada KK 1024,3 ± 269,9 kkal/hari. Karbohidrat sederhana pada KP (35,6(8,3−69,9)) g/hari lebih tinggi signifikan dibandingkan KK (13,8 (3,4−55,5))g/hari. Asupan serat subyek belum mencukupi anjuran (20–35 g/hari), yaitu KP17,2 ± 2,8 g/hari dan KK 8,6 (5,2−15,2) g/hari walaupun dengan suplementasiPH. Asupan protein, lemak total, dan kolesterol dalam rentang yang dianjurkan,tetapi tidak pada asupan asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal dan jamak. Penurunankadar apo B pada KK (-6,1 ± 8,9 mg/dL) lebih besar tidak signifikan (p = 0,13)dibandingkan pada KP (-1,3 ± 7,3 mg/dL). Dari penelitian ini disimpulkansuplementasi PH 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari selama 4 minggu tidaklebih baik dalam menurunkan kadar apo B dibandingkan plasebo dan DRKS 1200kkal/hari penyandang obes I.

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ABSTRACTThis double blind randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the change of apoB level in obese I after given supplementation psyllium husk (PH) 8.4 g/day andlow-calorie balanced diet (LCBD) for 4-weeks. By study criteria, 31 subjects wererandomly allocated to one of two groups; 15 subjects for treatment (T) group and16 subjects for plasebo (P) group. The T subjects received psyllium husk (PH) 8.4g/day and LCBD 1200 kcal/day and the P subjects received placebo and LCBD1200 kcal/day. Data collected in this study consist of subject distribution andcharacteristic, intake of energy, macronutrient, fiber, water and apo B level thatassessed before and after treatment. Level of statistical analyses significance was5%, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney. A total 28 subjects (14 subjects ineach group) had completed the intervention. There were no serious adverse eventswere reported along the intervention. Mean of age in T and P groups respectivelywas 35.0 (30.0−45.0) years and 34.5 (30.0−48.0) years, and BMI was 28.0 ± 1.1kg/m2 and 27.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2. The energy intake in T group 1130.9 ± 221.9 kcal/daywas significantly higher (p = 0.02) than P group 1024.3 ± 269.9 kcal/day. Simplecarbohydrate intake in T group (35.6 (8.3−69.9) g/day) was significantly higher (p<0.000) than in P group (13.8 (3.4−55.5) g/day). Intake of dietary fiber in T groupwas 17.2 ± 2.8 g/day had significantly higher than P group 8.6 (5.2−15.2) g/day,even adding PH supplementation cannot meet the recommendation of fiber intake(20-35 g/day). Intake protein and fat in both groups was meet recommendation,differ for intake of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Decreasing of apo Blevel in P group was -6.1 ± 8.9 mg/dL that statistically insignificant difference (p= 0.13) with T group -1.3 ± 7.3 mg/dL. As a conclusion in this study shows, thatPH supplementation 8.4 g/day and LCBD 1200 kcal/day in obese I for 4 weekswasn’t proven to decrease the apo B level."

"Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda paralel ini merupakan penelitian pendahuluan, bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi serat larut dan diet rendah kalori seimbang (DRKS) selama 4 minggu terhadap kadar kolesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL) serum pada obes I usia 30−50 tahun. Sejumlah 31 subyek dipilih dengan kriteria tertentu dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan randomisasi blok, 15 orang kelompok perlakuan (KP) dan 16 orang kelompok kontrol (KK). Subyek KP mendapat serat larut psyllium husk (PH) 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari, sedangkan subyek KK mendapat plasebo dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari. Data terdiri atas usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asupan zat gizi, serta kadar kolesterol LDL serum. Pemeriksaan kolesterol LDL dilakukan pada awal dan akhir penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan Mann-Whitney, batas kemaknaan 5%. Karakteristik data dasar dan sebaran subyek kedua kelompok sebanding. Analisis lengkap dilakukan pada 28 subyek (KP dan KK masing-masing 14 subyek). Suplementasi ditoleransi baik dan tidak ditemukan efek samping serius. Median usia subyek KP dan KK berturut-turut 35,0 (30−45) tahun dan 34,50 (30−48) tahun serta rerata IMT 28,0 ± 1,1 kg/m2 dan 27,2 ± 1,4 kg/m2. Rerata kadar kolesterol LDL serum awal KP 137,0 ± 37,0 mg/dL dan KK 134,4 ± 29,1 mg/dL. Defisit energi KP lebih rendah tidak signifikan (p = 0,62) dibandingkan KK, berturut-turut -282,0 ± 482,6 kkal/hari dan -331,8 ± 578,3 kkal/hari. Persentase asupan energi terhadap anjuran KP (94,2 ± 18,5%) lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02) daripada KK (85,4 ± 22,9%). Asupan karbohidrat (KH) total KP (613,1 ± 134,5 kkal/hari) lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,02) dibandingkan KK (545,4 ± 161,1 kkal/hari). Asupan protein, lemak total, dan kolesterol KP dan KK sesuai rekomendasi NCEP-ATP III. Pada kedua kelompok, asupan asam lemak jenuh cenderung tinggi, tetapi asupan asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal dan jamak rendah. Asupan serat subyek KP 17,2 ± 2,8 g/hari dan KK 8,6 (5,2−15,2) g/hari. Dengan suplementasi PH tidak tercapai rekomendasi asupan serat. Persentase asupan KH sederhana terhadap energi total KP 11,5±5,4% lebih tinggi signifikan (p = 0,00) dibandingkan KK 6,0 (1,2524,2)%. Penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL serum KP -2,1 ± 16,2 mg/dL lebih sedikit tidak signifikan (p = 0,15) dibandingkan pada KK -10,9 ± 15,3 mg/dL. Penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan suplementasi PH 8,4 g/hari dan DRKS 1200 kkal/hari selama 4 minggu lebih baik dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL serum dibandingkan plasebo pada subyek obes I.

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This parallel double blind randomized clinical trial is a preliminary study that aims to investigate the effect of soluble fiber supplementation 8.4 g/day and lowcalorie balanced diet (LCBD) for 4 weeks on serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level in obese I, aged 30−50 years old. A total of 31 subjects were selected using certain criteria and randomly allocated to one of two groups using block randomization; 15 subjects for treatment (T) group and 16 subjects for control (C) group, respectively. The T group received psyllium husk (PH) 8.4 g/day and LCBD 1200 kcal/day, and the C group received placebo and LCBD 1200 kcal/day. Data include age, body mass index (BMI), intake of energy, macronutrient, and fiber, as well as serum LDL cholesterol level. Serum LDL cholesterol level was examined before and after treatment. Statistical analyses include independent t-test and Mann-Whitney with significance level of 5%. Subjects characteristics of the two groups at baseline was not statistically different. Twenty eight subjects (14 subjects in each group) completed the intervention. Supplementation was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events. The mean age in T and C group was 35.0 (30.0−45.0) and 34.5 (30.0−48.0) years, respectively, and BMI was 28.0 ± 1.1 and 27.2 ± 1.4 kg/m2, respectively. The pretreatment serum LDL cholesterol level in T and C group was 137.0 ± 37.0 and 134.4 ± 29.1 mg/dL, respectively. Energy deficit in T group was insignificantly lower (p = 0.62) than in C group; -282.0 ± 482.6 and -331.8 ± 578.3 kcal/day, respectively. Percentage of energy intake to recommendation in T group (94.2 ± 18.5%) was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than that in C group (85.4 ± 22.9%). Total carbohydrate (CHO) intake in T group (613.1 ± 134.5 kcal/day) was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than in C group (545.4 ± 161.1 kcal/day). Total protein, fat, and cholesterol intake were similar to the NCEP-ATP III recommendation in both groups. Intake of SAFA was higher than recommended, meanwhile PUFA and MUFA intake were lower than those recommended in both groups. Dietary fiber intake in T and C group was 17.2 ± 2.8 and 8.6 (5.2−15.2) g/day, respectively. During the intervention, PH supplementation did not meet the recommendation. Percentage of simple CHO to total energy in T group 11.5±5.4% was significantly higher (p = 0.00) than in C group 6.0 (1.2524.2)%. PH supplementation decreased serum LDL cholesterol level (-2.1 ± 16.2 mg/dL) lower than placebo (-10.9 ± 15.3 mg/dL), but not significant different (p = 0.15). This study shows that PH supplementation 8.4 g/day in combination with LCBD 1200 kcal/day for 4 weeks in obese I aged 30−50 years old is not proven to decrease the serum LDL cholesterol level."

"Puasa sudah terbukti meningkatkan aktivtias enzim katalase pada berbagai jaringan tikus. Namun, belum diketahui jenis puasa yang paling berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas enzim katalase. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh puasa dan jenis puasa yang paling berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas enzim katalase pada plasma dan jaringan hati kelinci new zealand white yang merupakan hewan berderajat lebih tinggi daripada tikus. Kelinci new zealand white dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan berbeda, yaitu (1) mendapat asupan makan dan minum (kelompok kontrol), (2) intermittent fasting, yaitu fase puasa selama 16 jam lalu diselingi fase tidak puasa selama 8 jam, selama 7 hari, (3) prolonged fasting, yaitu fase puasa selama 40 jam lalu diselingi fase tidak puasa selama 8 jam, selama 7 hari. Aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase pada plasma dan jaringan hati merupakan hasil bagi kadar enzim katalase dengan protein. Pada jaringan hati, rerata aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase kelompok kontrol sebesar 156,23 ± 10,59 U/mg, kelompok intermittent fasting 181,42 ± 7,48 U/mg, kelompok prolonged fasting 159,38 ± 11,40 U/mg yang menunjukan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Pada plasma, rerata aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase kelompok kontrol sebesar 9,73 ± 4,19 U/mg, kelompok intermittent fasting 7,47 ± 4,22 U/mg, kelompok prolonged fasting 7,15 ± 2,69 U/mg yang menunjukan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Intermittent fasting dan prolonged fasting selama 7 hari tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas spesifik enzim katalase pada plasma dan jaringan hati kelinci new zealand white.

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Fasting has been known to increase catalase activity in various mouse’s tissues. However, the types of fasting which mostly affect catalase activity remains unknown. This study showed the impact of various types of fasting toward catalase activity in the plasma and liver of new zealand white rabbit which level is higher than mouse. The new zealand white rabbits are divided to 3 different treatment group, (1) received food and drinks (control group), (2) intermittent fasting, 16 hours fasting phase then interluded with 8 hours not fasting phase, for 7 days, (3) prolonged fasting, 40 hours fasting phase then interluded with 8 hours not fasting phase, for 7 days. Catalase activity in the liver and plasma were obtained by dividing catalase level with protein level. In liver, the means of catalase activity in control group is 156,23 ± 10,59 U/mg, intermittent fasting group is 181,42 ± 7,48 U/mg, prolonged fasting group is 159,38 ± 11,40 U/mg which show unsignificant difference (p>0,05). In plasma, the means of catalase activity in control group is 9,73 ± 4,19 U/mg, intermittent fasting group is 7,47 ± 4,22 U/mg, prolonged fasting group is 7,15 ± 2,69 U/mg which show unsignificant difference (p>0,05). Intermittent fasting and prolonged fasting for 7 days doesn’t affect catalase activity in plasma and liver new zealand white rabbit."

"Obesitas merupakan masalah yang umum terjadi di dunia. Sebanyak 12,8 persen penduduk berusia 18 tahun ke atas di Indoensia menyandang berat badan berlebih. Dari angka tersebut, 20,7 persen penyandang obesitas. Obesitas dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit kronis seperti penyakit hipertensi, kardiovaskular, dan penyakit tidak menular lainnya. Untuk mengatasi obesitas, dilakukan penurunan berat badan dengan berbagai cara. Namun, penurunan berat badan pada penyandang obesitas sering naik kembali dan tidak bisa dipertahankan pada hasil penurunan tersebut. Hal ini disebut sebagai weight cycling. Pada keadaan weight cycling, massa lemak lebih rendah dari massa bebas lemak yang ada di dalam tubuh. Hal ini meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Untuk mengatasi weight cycling, dianjurkan diet yang teratur. Diet kalori rendah protein tinggi sering dianggap dapat menurunkan berat badan dengan hasil yang memuaskan. Pada subjek obesitas, terjadi hipoksia pada jaringan lemak. Keadaan ini meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas antioksidan SOD total plasma yang diukur pada subjek penyandang obesitas dengan weight cycling pada kelompok yang diberi edukasi diet kalori rendah protein tinggi dengan diet kalori rendah protein standar. Metode: Subjek adalah karyawan Pusat Pelayanan Kesehatan di Balai Kota DKI Jakarta yang berumur 20-50 tahun penyandang obesitas dengan weight cycling. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol yang mendapatkan edukasi diet kalori rendah protein standar dan kelompok perlakuan yang mendapatkan edukasi diet kalori rendah protein tinggi. Aktivitas SOD diukur setelah subjek mendapat perlakuan selama 8 minggu. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan aktivitas SOD total plasma yang bermakna antara kelompok subjek yang diedukasi diet kalori rendah protein tinggi dengan diet kalori rendah protein standar. Kesimpulan: pemberian edukasi diet protein tinggi dan standar tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas SOD total plasma pada subjek obesitas dengan weight cycling.

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Obesity is a common problem around the globe. In Indonesia, 12.8 percent of above 18 years old population has excess body weight. From the mentioned number, 20.7 percent counts as obesity. Obesity can increase the risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular, and other non-communicable diseases. To treat obesity, several ways have been done to lose body weight. However, weight loss in obesity is difficult to retain and often comes back to the starting point. This fluctuation on body weight is called weight cycling. In weight cycling, lipid mass level is lower than free lipid mass level, which can lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Well-managed diet has been prescribed to treat weight cycling, in which low calorie high protein diet is often recommended for best result. In obesity, oxidative stress occurred in the fat tissue because of hypoxia. This study aims to observe the difference in total plasma SOD activity between the subject groups with low calorie high protein diet and low calorie standard protein diet. Methods : Subjects are 20-50 years old workers at Pusat Pelayanan Kesehatan in Balai Kota DKI Jakarta and are obese with weight cycling. Subjects are divided into the control group, which receives low calorie standard protein diet education, and the treatment group, which reveives low calorie high protein diet education. Results : The result showed no significant difference in total plasma SOD activity between the low calorie high protein diet group and low calorie standard protein group. Interpretation & conclusion : high protein and standard protein diet educations do not impact total plasma SOD activity in obese subjects with weight cycling."

"Perilaku fad diets (FD) berdampak pada berbagai risiko kesehatan, seperti gangguan metabolisme, meningkatnya risiko anemia, meningkatnya risiko paparan infeksi, dan mempengaruhi kinerja kognitif. Lebih lanjut, dapat menurunkan performa dan prestasi belajar di sekolah dan mempengaruhi gangguan perilaku makan sehingga meningkatkan risiko perilaku makan menyimpang. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu di Indonesia menunjukkan angka remaja putri di Indonesia yang berisiko terlibat dalam perilaku FD termasuk tinggi, namun jumlah penelitian yang mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan perilaku tersebut masih jarang. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan terhadap perilaku FD pada siswa-siswi SMAS Bunda Mulia Jakarta tahun 2019. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional melibatkan sebanyak 212 siswa-siswi kelas X dan XI SMA. Data diambil dengan melakukan proses pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan serta pengisian kuesioner online. Data diolah secara univariat dan bivariat (chi square). Prevalensi perilaku FD sebesar 43,9%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku FD adalah jenis kelamin, status gizi, distorsi citra tubuh, dorongan keluarga, dorongan teman, dan pengaruh media sosial. Siswa perempuan, yang berstatus gizi gemuk, dan mengalami distorsi citra tubuh berisiko masing-masing 1,9 kali; 4,8 kali; dan 2,5 kali lebih besar untuk melakukan perilaku FD. Siswa yang mendapat dorongan dari keluarga, dorongan teman, dan pengaruh media sosial berisiko masing-masing 2,6 kali; 2,2 kali; dan 3,2 kali untuk menerapkan FD. Perlu dilakukan upaya edukasi perilaku makan yang tepat dan sehat untuk siswa serta promosi PGS di sekolah dan media sosial.

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Fad diets lead to various health risks, such as the increased risk of metabolic disorders, increased risk of anemia, increased risk of exposure to infection, and affect cognitive performance which in turn can reduce performance and learning achievement in school. The further impact that can also arise from FD is that it can aggravate eating disorders which increases the risk of eating disorder. Data regarding eating behavior on a national basis in Indonesia is still not available. Several studies conducted in several regions in Indonesia show the high number of young women in Indonesia who are involved and who are at risk of being involved in FD behavior, however, the number of studies that examine the factors associated with these behaviors is still limited. The main objective of this study was to find out the factors related to FD on students at Bunda Mulia Jakarta Senior High School in 2019. The research design used was cross sectional. The number of respondents involved was 212 students of grade X and XI in high school. The data was taken by measuring body height and weight as well as filling in the online questionnaire. The collected data will be processed in univariate and bivariate (chi square). FD prevalence in Bunda Mulia Jakarta Senior High School in 2019 is 43.9%. Factors related to FD behavior are gender, nutritional status, body image distortion, family’s encouragement, friend's encouragement, and social media influence. Female students, who are overweight or obese, with body image distortion are 1.9 times; 4.8 times; and 2.5 times more likely to carry out FD behavior. Students who are encouraged by families, friends, and social media are 2.6 times; 2.2 times; and 3.2 times at risk to FD. Efforts to educate appropriate and healthy eating behaviors as well as promotion of PGS in schools and through social media are needed."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat perubahan Berat Badan (BB), Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan Persentase Lemak Tubuh (PLT) pelanggan CateringSlimGourmet pada sebelum dan sesudah dua minggu diberikan diet rendah karbohidrat. Variabel independen dari penelitian ini adalah status gizi (nilai BB, IMT dan PLT) pada sebelum dan sesudah penelitian. Sedangkan variabel dependen adalah pemberian diet rendah karbohidrat. Penelitian ini adalah menggunakan data kuantitatif primer dan sekunder. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental dengan teknik pengembangan longitudinal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Catering SlimGourmet, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan. Jumlah sampel minimal adalah sejumlah 35 orang, didapatkan dengan cara purposive sampling. Sampel yang terlibat sejumlah 40 orang, yaitu seluruh pelanggan diet rendah karbohidrat di Catering SlimGourmet. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen microtoise, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Global Physical Analysis Questionnare (GPAQ) versi 2, form food recall 48 jam dan alat tulis dan software komputer Nutrisurvey 2007 serta SPSS 16.0.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan BB, IMT dan PLT secara bermakna setelah dua minggu diberikan diet rendah karbohidrat (P<0,05) dan dipengaruhi oleh jenis kelamin dan aktivitas fisik (P<0,05). Hasil penelitian sesuai dengan Dari hasil penelitian disarankan CateringSlimGourmet dapat mengurangi pemberian karbohidrat sederhana, meningkatkan protein nabati, serat, memberikan siklus menu terhadap pelanggan, memantau kondisi kesehatan, daya terima makanan dan kebiasaan makan pelanggan terdahulu serta mengembangkan program diet lain dengan komposisi zat gizi mikro dan makro berbeda untuk menjaga kesehatan. Disarankan kepada pelanggan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan tidak terlalu lama menjalankan diet rendah karbohidrat dengan durasi maksimal enam bulan (dilanjutkan dengan diet seimbang).

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This study was aimed to compare Body weight (BW), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Percentage (BFP) changes after two weeks of low carbohydrate diet adduction in SlimGourmetCatering. The independent variable in this study was nutrition status (BW, BMI and BFP) before and after low carbohydrate diet adduction. The dependent variable was low carbohydrate adduction. This study used both primary and secondary datas. This was an experimental study that utilizes quantitatedata through measurements and interviews. This study was located at SlimGourmet Catering, KebayoranBaru, South Jakarta. The minimal number of subject; which was 35 people, was obtained by using purposive sampling calculation. There were 40 people contributed as subjects in this study, and they were all costumers of low carbohydrate diet in SlimGourmet Catering. Data was collected using instruments such as microtoise, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Global Physical Analysis Questionnare (GPAQ) version 2, 48 hours food recall form dan stationaries and computer softwares (Nutrisurvey 2007 and SPSS 16.0).After two weeks assigned to low carbohydrate diet, subjects had significantly reduced BW, BMI and BFP (P<0,05) and the process was significantly affected by sex and physical activity (P<0,05). Researcher recommendsSlimGourmet Catering to improve their low carbohydrate diet program by reducing the amount of simple carbohydrate, add more vegetable protein, add more fiber sources, give meal schedules to clients, monitoring medical condition, dietary history of the clients, and develop other advantageous diet with different composition of macro- and micro nutrients for general health. Researcher recommends clients to increase exercise, and limit the duration of low carbohydrate diet and replace it gradually with balanced diet."

"Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh penurunan berat badan terhadap kadar asam urat plasma dan urin subjek dengan berat badan lebih.Tempat: Sebuah pusat kebugaran di Kelapa Gading, Jakarta UtaraMetodologi: Dilakukan penelitian pada 26 perempuan peserta program penurunan berat badan (BB) yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen kuasi pra dan pasca perlakuan tanpa pembanding. Tiap subjek mendapat diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga aerobik selama 12 minggu. Diet rendah kalori seimbang diberikan berdasarkan pengurangan kalori sebesar 1000 kkal/hari.Dengan perhitungan keluaran energi selama olahraga aerobik yang diprogramkan berkisar antara 200-400 kkal/hari, diet yang diberikan kira-kira 800-1100 kkal/hari. Sebelum diberikan olahraga aerobik dilakukan tes Cooper untuk menilai kemampuan maksimal tiap subjek dalam berolahraga. Olahraga aerobik diberikan dengan intensitas 60-80% kemampuan maksimal, lama latihan 60 merit; dan frekuensi 5 kali seminggu Pemeriksaan antropometri dan kadar asam urat dilakukan pada awal, minggu ke 2, dan akhir perlakuan.Hasil Terjadi penurunan BB secara signifikan (p<0,05; uji t berpasangan) dan 74,30 ± 10,48 kg menjadi 65,31 ± 8,56 kg (penurunan 12,10%); penurunan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) secara signifikan (p<0,05) dari 29,79 ± 4,28 menjadi 26,19 ± 3,41 kglm2 (pemmman 12,08%); dan penurunan massa lemak (ML) secara signifikan (p<0,05) Bari 36,21 ± 2,80 menjadi 25,97 ±2,94% (penurunan 28,28%). Pada minggu ke 2 terjadi peningkatan kadar asam urat plasma dan urin, masing-masing dari 5,40 ± 1,29 menjadi 5,96 ± 1,44 mg/dL (peningkatan 10,37%) dan dari 542,23 ± 179,39 menjadi 583,15 ± 202,35 mg/dL (peningkatan 7,55%). Setelah perlakuan 12 minim' terjadi penurunan kadar asam urat plasma dan urin yang signifikan (p<0,05) masing-masing dari 5,40 ± 1,29 menjadi 4,39 t 1,21 mg/dL (penurunan 18,70%) dan dari 542,23 ± 179,39 menjadi 479,06 ± 134,73 rng/dL (pemurumn 11,60%). Penurunan berat badan mempunyai korelasi lemah dengan penurunan kadar asam urat plasma (r = 0,32) dan penurunan kadar asam urat urin (r = 0,33) namun tidak signifikan (p >0,05). Dengan uji multivariat didapat korelasi positif atas peningkatan kadar asam urat plasma minggu ke 2 dengan BB awal. Penurunan kadar asam urat plasma pada akhir penelitian mempunyai korelasi positif dengan person ML akhir perlakuan. Penurunan kadar asam carat urin akhir perlakuan berkorelasi positif dengan asupan protein awal, serta berkorelasi negatif dengan clearance asam urat swat.Kesimpulan: Pada proses penurunan berat badan dengan diet rendah kalori seimbang dan olahraga aerobik, kadar asam urat plasma dan urin mula-mula akan meningkat, kemudian menurun mencapai kadar yang lebih rendah daripada kadar awal.

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Effects of Weight Reduction by Balanced Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) and Aerobic Exercise on Plasma and Urinary Uric Acid Levels of Overweight WomenObjective: To investigate the effects of weight reduction on plasma and urinary uric acid levels of overweight subjects

Place: One fitness centre at Ketapa Gading, North Jakarta

Methods: Twenty six overweight women were studied in a pre and posttest, using control group as the same subjects as the treatment group. Subjects received a balanced LCD and aerobic exercise for 12 weeks. Balanced LCD was given based on energy deficit 1000 kcal/day. Energy expenditure from aerobic exercise was 200 to 400 kcal and the subject were given diet of 800-1100 kcallday. All subjects had to undergo Cooper test for designing the aerobic exercise program. The intensity of the aerobic exercise was 60-80% of maximum capacity with duration of 60 minutes 5 days a week Anthropometric measurements and plasma and urinary uric acid were examined at the beginning, second week and after the treatment

Results: Balanced LCD and aerobic exercise given for 12 week significantly (p<0.05; paired t test) decreased body weight (BW), body mass index (BM), and fat mass from 74.30 ± 10.48 kg to 65.31 ± 8.56 kg (decreased 12.10%), from 29.79 ± 4.28 to 26.1.9 ± 3.41 kg/m2 (12.08%), and from 36.21 ± 2.80 to 25.97 ± 2.94% (28.28%) respectively. In the second week, plasma and urinary uric acid levels increased from 5.40 ± 129 to 5.96 ± 1.44 mg/dL (10.7%) and from 542.23 ± 179.39 to 583.15 ± 202.35 mg/dL (7.55%). After 12 weeks of treatment, plasma and urinary uric acid levels decreased significantly (p<0,05) from 5.40 ± L29 to 4.39 ± 1.21 mg/dL (18.70%), and from 542.23 ± 179.39 to 479.06 ± 134.73 mg/dL (11.60%) respectively. There was a weak correlation between weight reduction and plasma (r = 0.32) and urinary uric acid levels (r = 0.33), but not significant (p X0.05). With multivariate analysis, there was a positive correlation between increased plasma uric acid level with BW before treatment There was a positive correlation between decreased of plasma uric acid after treatment with fat mass after treaatment (%). There was a positive correlation between decreased after treatment urinary uric acid level and before treatment protein intake, and had a negative correlation with before treatment uric acid clearance.

Conclusions: In the process of weight reduction with balance LCD and aerobic exercise, plasma and urinary uric acid levels increased in the second week, and decreased to the levels lower than the base line at the end of treatment."

"Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimental. Waktu pelaksanaan survey pendahuluan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 6 Desember 2003. sampai dengan 10 Februari 2004. Sedangkan penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 21 April 2004 sampai dengan 10 Mei 2004. Cara pengambilan sampel dengan purposive random sampling pada pasien yang sesuai dengan kriteria sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 52,8% patuh terhadap asupan zat gizi makro. Rentang usia pasien yang mengalami DM TIPE 2 berada pada 30-50 tahun sebesar 51,4%. Perempuan ditemui 70,8% merupakan kelompok terbesar mengalami DM TIPS 2 sedangkan tingkat pendidikan tinggi terbanyak mengalami DM TIPE 2 sebesar 61,1%. Terlihat hasil yang sama pada penyuluhan gizi dengan media food model atau tanpa media food model.Sebagai kesimpulan dari penelitian ini pada asupan protein terlihat pengaruh penyuluhan gizi terhadap kepatuhan diet dengan nilai P < 0,05 sedangkan asupan energi, karbohidrat dan lemak tidak terlihat pengaruh penyuluhan gizi terhadap kepatuhan diet dengan nilai P > 0.05.Hendaknya frekuensi pemberian penyuluhan gizi di rumah sakit ditingkatkan agar terbentuk sikap dan pengetahuan pasien terhadap gizi cukup baik untuk melaksanakan diet dengan kepatuhan yang tinggi. Profesioualisme para penyuluh harus terus ditingkatkan dengan mengikuti pelatihan-pelatihan, melakukan diskusi-diskusi teutang kasus yang terjadi. Kunjungan rumah yang dilakukan oleh petugas gizi 1 kali dalam sebulan berguna untuk memonitor pelaksanaan diet pada penyandang DM Tipe 2.Kepustakaan : 60 (1985 - 2003)

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Nutrient Illumination Influence Concerning Diet Compliance to NIDDM Sufferer Outpatient at Mohammad Hoesin and Palembang Bari Hospital 2004Diet compliance lower to diabetic patient not depend on insulin (NIDDM) is shown an unknowingly patient's circumstance, not has a high attitude and knowledge yet, healthy attitude to diet compliance. It is appear at patient who not capable to decrease amount of food calorie and incompliance for doctor's suggestion and other healthy official. Therefore, is needed to illuminate nutrient approach in order that NIDDM patient has a healthy attitude, to bring about food arrangement with orderly, discipline and compliance.

This research purpose to observe nutrient illumination influent that use food model nor not use food model toward diet compliance NIDDM patient at M. Hoesin and Palembang Hospital BARI 2004 also to see other factors influent such as age, sex, education, food reserve and diet consumption.

This research used quasi-experimental method. Initial survey carry out period begins at December 6, 2003 until February 10, 2004. Meanwhile, research progress at April 21, 2004 to May 10, 2004. Carry out sample by purposive random sampling way on patient as proper as with sample criterion. The result of research shown 52,8% macro nutrient reserve with compliance at total energy. Patient's age part of the way in NIDDM at 30-50 is 51,4%. Woman found 70,8% as biggest group as NIDDM, meanwhile education level as biggest in NIDDM is 61,1%. Shown as same as at nutrient illumination with media food model or non-media food.

As conclude from this research at total energy and protein reserve appears nutrient illumination on diet compliance as value P < 0,05 while energy reserve, carbohydrate and fat not appear nutrient illumination effluent toward diet compliance in value P > 0,05.

Be desirable that nutrient illumination giving frequency in hospital can improve it in order to form patient attitudes and knowledge toward nutrient is good enough to bring about diet with high compliance. Illuminators professionalism has to improve with trainings, discussion on cases happened. Home visit done/conducted by gizi officer once in a month good for monitoring diet execution at patient DM Type 2.

Bibliography: 60 (1985 - 2003)"