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"Using the quantum approaching, the nuclear control rod wing shape optimization method based ancontrol theory in nuclear structure have been intensively developed especially in Canadian DeuteriumUranium (CANDU) nuclear research reactor. The control rod blade dimensions include 5 meters length, 0.80meters diameter, and 0. ll) meters thickness and it has the wing for thermal neutron reaction controlling at theCerenkov's radiation coming up. Moving on normally with 76 mm/second velocity. The floating of U particlein 2. l .r l05 currie/mm thermal neutron flux is one problem in nuclear control rod wing manufacturing. Basedon quantum approaching in transuranium nuclear chain control theory, the structural and thermal neutronflux flow is the best optimization technique for 450 tesla magnetic field weight and 45.7 MW adjusted power.This research purposed for new shape of nuclear control rod wing by several mathematical formulations havebeen modeled by Euler equations and build the miniature of control rod wing, then the angle has expectedaround 37.6° until 421° based on Sr20 matrix as the primer material and DUO; loading is the nuclearchamber:"

"The functional of control rod blade nuclear reactor is stabilized device and controlling for nuclear chain reaction also the flux of thermal neutron in reactor chamber. Selecting materials based on Sr2 AI,;OV for multipurpose research reactor 50 megawatts determined by Ising Model software and programming written in Modula's language. This software consists are 4 main programmes and 38,700 sub-programmes. By simulation of Ising Model found Sr2 A1202, material. Based on Sr2 AI202_7, had been tested by Magnetic Stirrer equipment and combined with Ising Model expressed the material is Sr2 A12O1.8 . This material shown the strength of thermal neutron flux absorbed about 2.1 x 105 - 1.8 x 106 currie/mm. The values of Electrical Conductivity is 26.62 - 29.98 in 800° - 890° C temperature, however at 2.1 x 10' currielmmn thermal neutron flux condition is 29.44 -- 37.98 values in IAEA standard. At 450 testa magnetic field and 2.1 x 105 currie/mm thermal neutron absorber, the crystallization structure reduction is 6.88% until 10.95% for 25 years period in 45.7 megawatts. At present material is Zr-4 was substituted by this material, however the cost more cheaper than Zr-4. According datas, then the manufacturing design for control rod blade is investment casting and adhesive bounding with Sr2O2 substance for lining substance processes, compare with present material is casting and welding processes. The value of cubical raiser with sides 1.25 cm has the AIIV ratio as 4.8 cm' l (in standard is 4.1 cnf-') with the volume shrinkage of solidification is 3% for casting process. At joining has the radial tensile stress at the front hub fillet measuring 222 N/mm2 (in standard is 180 NImm2) and the value of tensile test is 405 MPa, meanwhile the standard around 390 MPa."

"Fungsi dari batang kendali pada reaktor nuklir riset multiguna adalah membuat stabilisasi dan merupakan alat pengendali dari reaksi-reaksi berantai nuklir, dengan adanya dampak dari radiasi Cerenkov dan fluks neutron termal dalam ruang reaktor. Menggunakan Model Ising dengan pendekatan kondisi-kondisi kuantum dan percobaan melaluiperalatan Magnetic Stirrer ditentukan turunan material-material dari Sr^A^O^. Salah satu dari tiga tipe material itu adalah Sr2Al2O^8. Material ini menunjukkan kekuatan pada absorbsi fluks neutron termal sebesar 2,1 x 10s - 1,8 x 106 currie/mm, nilai Konduktivitas Elektriknya adalah 26,62 - 29,98 pada temperatur 800° - 890° C, sedangkan pada kondisi fluks neutron termal sebesar 2,1 x 105 currie/mm nilai Konduktivitas Elektriknya adalah 29,44 -37,88 pada standar IAEA. Pada nilai medan magnetik sebesar 459 tesla dan absorbsiyang dilakukan terhadap 2,1 x 105 currie/mm neutron termal, reduksi struktur kristalnya mencapai 6,88% sampai 10,95% untuk jangka waktu 25 tahun pada daya 45,7 megawatt dengan matriks elemen bahan bakar nuklir adalah UO2 yang makin diperkaya dan Pu2O serta Th2Oy.

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The functional of a multi purpose research nuclear reactor control rod blade nuclear reactor is stabilized and controlling devices for nuclear chain reactions, the existing of Cerenkov's radiation impact and thermal neutron flux in reactor chamber. Using Ising Model with quantum states approaching and testing by Magnetic Stirrer equipment had determined the Sr2 A12O2-X derivatives materials. One of three types is Sr2 A12O1.8. This material shown the strength of thermal neutron flux absorbed about 2.1 x 105 ~ 1.8 x 106 currie/mm, the value of Electrical Conductivity is 26.62 - 29.98 at 800 - 890° C temperature, however at 2.1 x l(r currie/mm thermal neutron flux condition is 29.44 - 37.88 in IAEA standard At 450 tesla magnetic field and 2.1 x JO5 currie/mm thermal neutron absorber, the crystalline structure reducted to 6.88% until 10.95% for 25 years period in 45.7 megawatts with UO2 more enrichment andPu2O also TH2Oy nuclear fuel element matrix."

"Tingginya initial capital pada proyek engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) pada reaktor nuklir selama ini menjadikan salah satu hambatan dalam pembangunan reaktor nuklir, khususnya di Indonesia. Hambatan lainnya adalah waktu pembangunan yang lama. Solusi dari masalah ini adalah dengan membangun reaktor nuklir Generasi IV, yaitu High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) yang merupakan salah satu jenis reaktor Small Modular Reactor SMR). Reaktor jenis ini memiliki ciri khas bentuk geometri yang minimalis sehingga biaya dan waktu yang dibutuhkan akan lebih rendah. Di Indonesia, HTGR akan dibangun di Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten. Proyek HTGR yang juga disebut dengan Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) ini mengalami kemunduran jadwal yang disebabkan oleh biaya yang tinggi pada segi proyek EPC. Sebuah metode untuk mengoptimisasi antara waktu dan biaya dari proyek EPC pada RDE belum ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sebuah metode optimisasi biaya dan waktu untuk proyek EPC pada HTGR dan meningkatkan penghematan waktu dan biaya proyek EPC pada RDE sebagai studi kasus HTGR di Indonesia. Sebuah metode usulan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah menggabungkan optimisasi tujuan majemuk yang menghasilkan satu set solusi optimal Pareto Front dan kemudian digunakan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) sebagai alat bantu dalam menentukan satu solusi optimal terbaik dari satu set solusi optimal Pareto Front. Didapatkan solusi optimal terbaik dari alternatif-alternatif solusi optimal yang ada dengan bobot kriteria waktu 0,59 dan biaya 0,41 adalah dengan total biaya Rp1.656,47 miliar dan total waktu selama 300 pekan. Solusi ini menghemat biaya sebesar 24,71% dan menghemat waktu sebesar 10,71%.

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The high initial capital in engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) project in nuclear reactors has made it one of the obstacles in the construction of nuclear reactors, especially in Indonesia. Another obstacle is the construction takes a long time to complete. The solution to this problem is to build a Generation IV nuclear reactor, namely the High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR), which is one of the types of Small Modular Reactor (SMR). The characteristic of this type is minimalist geometric so that the cost and time required will be lower. In Indonesia, HTGR will be built in Puspiptek Area, Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten. The HTGR project, also called the Experimental Power Reactor (or Daya Eksperimental-RDE), suffered a setback schedule caused by high costs in terms of EPC project. A method to optimize the time and cost of this EPC project has not been found. This study aims to obtain a cost and time optimization method for the EPC project on HTGR and increase the efficiency of time and cost for the EPC project on RDE as an HTGR case study in Indonesia. A proposed method used in this study is a combined-method of multi-objective optimization that produces a set of Pareto Front optimal solution with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a tool in making the best solution from a set of Paret Front optimal solution. The best solution obtained from the optimal alternative solutions with the weight of time of 0.59 and cost of 0.41 is total cost of IDR 1,656.47 billion and total time of 300 weeks. This solution increases cost saving by 24.71% and time saving by 10.71%."