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"Mitral stenosis merupakan kelainan katup yang paling sering ditemukan di bagian Kardiologi RS. M. Hoesin, Palembang, dan bukti kuat menunjukkan adanya tromboemboli pada mitral stenosis. Banyak studi melihat kontras ekho spontan (KES) yang dianggap sebagai awal kejadian tromboemboli, namun terdapat kontroversi mengenai bagaimana mencapai regresi KES ini. Uji klinik tersamar ganda dilakukan untuk membandingkan aspirin 100 mg dengan acenocoumarol (sintrom) 1 mg yang diberikan selama 4 minggu pada 22 penderita mitral stenosis. Pada akhir penelitian diperoleh regresi 100 % pada KES kelompok acenocoumarol, 40% diantaranya regresi dari KES berat menjadi ringan, sedangkan 60 % mengalami resolusi sempurna. Pada kelompok aspirin tidak satupun KES mengalami regresi. Pada kelompok acenocoumarol, 2 di antara 4 trombus menghilang, sedangkan 2 sisanya ukurannya mengecil, sedangkan pada kelompok aspirin pada akhir minggu keempat, pasien dengan thrombus bertambah dari 3 menjadi 4. Kesimpulan: Pemakaian acenocoumarol 1 mg selama 4 minggu dapat secara efektif dan aman meregresi kontras echo spontan dan thrombus pada mitral stenosis tanpa perubahan hemodinamik yang berarti. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 202-7)

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Mitral stenosis is one of the most often valvular disease in Division of Cardiology, M. Hoesin hospital, Palembang, and there was strong evidence of thromboembolic phenomenon in mitral stenosis (MS) patients. Many studies evaluated the spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) that was regarded as a precursor of thrombo embolic phenomenon. So far there were controversies regarding how to regress spontaneous echo contrast. A randomized double blind controlled study was done on 22 MS patients with positive SEC, receiving either aspirin 100 mg or acenocoumarol 1 mg and followed up after 4 weeks. There was 100 % regression of SEC in acenocoumarol group that consisted of 40% regression from severe SEC to mild, and 60% complete resolution. In aspirin group there was no resolution of SEC. In acenocoumarol group, 2 of 4 thrombus totally disappeared while the rest was reduced in size. On the other hand, in aspirin group, after 4 weeks, the patients with thrombus was increased from 3 to 4 patients. In conclusion, four week therapy with acenocoumarol 1 mg is effective and save in regressing spontaneous echo contrast and thrombus in mitral stenosis patients without any significant change in hemodynamics. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 202-7)"

"Background. Spontaneous Echo Contrast (SEC) appears as a curling motion of echo in real lime and this indicates Wood stasis, ft is therefore predictive for thrombus formation and higher risk for thrombocmbolic phenomenon. Accumulating evidence showed higher incidence of (hrombus formation in mitral stenosis (MS) patients if they presented with positive SEC. Detection of left atrial thrombus is even more important before mitral valvuloplasty procedure to prevent .systemic and especially cerebral embolism. The aim of this study was to compare the utility of transthoracal eehocardiography (TIE) to transesophageal cchocardiography (TEE) in detecting SEC and thrombus in patients with MS.Method. Forty-eight patients with MS were studied with TEE and TTE. The diagnosis of MS was established by TTE.Result. With TTE, 15 patients (31,3%) had positive SEC, 33 patients (68, 7%) had negative SEC and 6 patients (12,5%) of the SEC positive patienls had thrombus in LA. On the other hand with TEE, SEC were positive in 36 (75%) patients, negative in 12 (25%) patients and 17 (35,4%) of the SEC positive patients showed LA thrombus. This study confirmed the strong association between SEC and thrombus formation, as thrombus was only observed in SEC positive patients.Conclusion. TEE is superior to TTB in detecting SEC and LA thrombus in patients with MS, because of the belter acoustic window of TEE. TEE should be considered in every patients with MS where thrombus formation has to be ruled out, particularly before baloon mitral valvuloplasly procedure."

"Introduksi: Belum banyak studi yang meneliti parameter laboratorium sederhana sebagai prediktor trombus di atrium kiri pada subset stenosis mitral rematik. Selain itu, saat ini masih sangat sedikit studi yang menjelaskan patomekanisme trombus atrium kiri yang berkaitan dengan komponen hemorheologi pada pasien dengan mitral stenosis rematik. Tujuan: menilai hubungan parameter hemorheologi dari laboratorium sederhana Red Cell Distribution Width, Mean Platelet Volume, hematokrit, dan jumlah trombosit dengan kejadian trombus atrium kiri pada stenosis mitral rematik. Metode: Dilakukan studi potong lintang analitik LAMIA Study dengan pengumpulan data terhadap pasien stenosis rematik yang signifikan dimulai dari tanggal 1 Januari 2018 hingga 31 Juli 2021. Evaluasi trombus ditegakkan dari ekokardiografi transtorasik atau transesofagus. Pemeriksaan lab diperiksa dalam waktu 10 hari sebelum evaluasi ekokardiografi. Subjek dengan regurgitasi mitral yang signifikan akan dieksklusi. Hasil: Dari 318 subjek dengan stenosis mitral rematik signifikan yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian, didapatkan sebanyak 102 pasien (32%) memiliki trombus di atrium kiri. Dari seluruh pasien, diketahui subjek dengan ritme atrial fibrilasi sebanyak 63.8% dan ritme sinus 36.2%. Hematokrit ≥ 45.15 % (OR 2.98; IK 95% 1.27 - 6.98, p = 0.012), Irama atrial fibrilasi (OR 2.39; IK 95% 1.10-5.20, p = 0.028), fraksi ejeksi ventrikel kiri ≥ 56.68 % (OR 0.42; IK 95% 0.23 - 0.77, p = 0.005), dan TAPSE ≥ 18.10 mm (OR 0.44; IK 95% 0.230 - 0.83, p = 0.011) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian trombus atrium kiri dari hasil analisis multivariat. Kesimpulan: Peningkatan hematokrit berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kejadian trombus atrium kiri, sedangkan nilai RDW dan jumlah platelet tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian trombus di atrium kiri pada stenosis mitral rematik. Kata kunci: LAMIA study, hematologi sederhana, trombus atrium kiri, stenosis mitral rematik

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Introduction: Only few studies have investigated simple laboratory parameters as predictors of left atrial thrombus in subset of rheumatic mitral stenosis. In addition, there are currently very few studies describing the pathomechanism of left atrial thrombus related to the hemorheological component in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Objective: A study was conducted to assess the causal relationship of hemorheological parameters from a simple laboratory Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), hematocrit, and platelet count with the incidence of left atrial thrombus in rheumatic mitral stenosis. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical, LAMIA Study, was conducted with data collection on patients with significant rheumatic stenosis starting from 1 January 2018 to 31 July 2021. Thrombus evaluation was established by transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography. Lab tests were performed within 10 days prior to the echocardiographic evaluation. Subjects with significant mitral regurgitation will be excluded. Results: Of the 318 subjects with significant rheumatic mitral stenosis included in the study, 102 patients (32%) had a thrombus in the left atrium. Of all the patients, it was known that subjects with atrial fibrillation rhythm as much as 63.8% and sinus rhythm 36.2%. Atrial fibrillation rhythm (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.10-5.20, p = 0.028), left ventricular ejection fraction ≥56.68 % (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.23 - 0.77, p = 0.005), TAPSE ≥18.10 mm (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.230 - 0.83, p = 0.011), and hematocrit ≥45.15% (OR 2.98; 95% CI 1.27 - 6.98, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Increased hematocrit was significantly associated with the incidence of left atrial thrombus, whereas RDW and platelet count were not associated with the incidence of left atrial thrombus in rheumatic mitral stenosis. "

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Stenosis Mitral (SM) tinggi prevalensinya di negara berkembang karena erat terkaitdengan prevalensi penyakit jantung demam rematik (PJR). Pasien SM sedang-berat terdapatpeningkatan regio turbulensi dan shear stress mengakibatkan kerusakan endotel pembuluh darahsehingga meningkatkan resiko tromboemboli. P-selectin merupakan molekul adhesi berperan dalamproses inflamasi dan sebagai faktor protrombotik yang diekspresikan secara cepat. Indeks volumeatrium kiri (IVAK) merupakan parameter superior untuk mengukur fungsi atrium kiri denganekokardiografi.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang melibatkan 20 pasien SM sedang-berat dengan MVA <1.5 cm2yang menjalani Komisuratomi Mitral Transvena Perkutan (KMTP) yang diambil secara konsekutifpada bulan Mei 2013 sampai Oktober 2013 di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita Jakarta. Pasiendiambil sampel darah pra dan pasca KMTP untuk diperiksa kadar P-Selectin. Kemudian hasilnyadianalisa secara statistik.Hasil. Dalam studi ini, tidak didapatkan asosiasi antara IVAK dengan ekspresi kadar P-selectin pradan pasca KMTP. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai pra KMTP β= -0.103 (95% CI -0.251,0.045)p=0.16 dan pasca KMTP β= 0.009 (95% CI -0.155,0.172) p=0.91. Setelah dilakukan regresilinier dengan penyesuaian (adjusted) terhadap variabel perancu yakni usia, jenis kelamin, dan atrialfibrilasi tetap tidak didapatkan asosiasi antara IVAK dengan kadar P-selectin dengan nilai pra KMTPβ= -0.154 (95% CI -0.340,0.032) p=0.09 dan pasca KMTP β= -0.049 (95% CI -0.250,0.152)p=0.61.Kesimpulan. Tidak ada perbedaan nilai P-selectin pra dan pasca KMTP. Nilai IVAK yang sudahjelek tidak berhubungan dengan kadar P-selectin pra dan pasca KMTP pada pasien SM.

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ABSTRACTBackground. The prevalence of Mitral stenosis (MS) remains significant in developingcountries related to prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD).In moderate-severe MSpatients enormous increase in turbulent region and shear stress causing dysfunction ofvascular endothelial, as consequence it increase the risk of thromboembolic complication. Pselectinis an adhesion molecule that play role in inflammation process, it express rapidly inminutes. Left Atrial Volume Index (LAVI) is superior parameter compare with otherechocardiography two dimension method to assess left atrial function.Methods. Study was designed as cross-sectional study involving 20 MS moderate-severepatients with MVA< 1.5 cm2 who performed successful Percutaneous transvenous BalloonMitral Valvulotomy (PBMV). Samples were taken consecutively from May 2013 to October2013 at the National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Jakarta. Blood samples of Pselectinwere collected pre and post PBMV. The result was statistically analyzed by usingechocardiography data of LAVI prior PBMV to describe any association between expressionof P-selectin and atrial function.Result. In our study, we found no association between LAVI and expression of P-selectinlevel pre and post PBMV MS patient. This data describe in each of value of pre PBMV β= -0.103 (95% CI -0.251,0.045) p=0.16 and post PBMV β= 0.009 (95% CI -0.155,0.172) p=0.91After we performed linear regression with adjusted confounding variable including sex, age,and atrial fibrillation, still we found no association between LAVI and P-selectin level. Thisdata describe in each of value of pre PBMV β= -0.154 (95% CI -0.340,0.032) p=0.09 andpost PBMV β= -0.049 (95% CI -0.250,0.152) p=0.61.Conclusion. We found there is no difference in P-selectin level pre and post PBMV. There isno association between poor LAVI value and expression of P-selectin pre and post PBMV inMS."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Stenosis mitral (SM) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting di Indonesia. Pada SM terjadi peningkatan kadar P selectin karena disfungsi endotel dan aktivasi platelet. Komisurotomi mitral transvena perkutan (KMTP) merupakan tatalaksana baku untuk penderita SM yang dapat memperbaiki kemampuan aktivitas fisik yang pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi kadar P selectin. Belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan antara tingkat aktifitas fisik dengan kadar P Selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP pada SM rematik.Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang. Dari 56 subyek penelitian yang menjalani KMTP sejak bulan Mei 2013 sampai Februari 2014 di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita, didapatkan 35 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan . Data klinis dan data ekokardiografi sebelum dan 3 bulan pasca KMTP diambil dari catatan medis. Dilakukan wawancara 3 bulan pasca KMTP. Tingkat aktivitas fisik dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok: kelompok 1 1-4 METs, kelompok 2 > 4 METs. Kadar P selectin diambil 3 bulan pasca KMTP. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa statistik untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kadar P Selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP pada SM rematikHasil : Pasien yang akan menjalani KMTP memiliki rerata usia 40,00±11,58 tahun dengan proporsi perempuan lebih tinggi daripada laki-laki (74,3%) dan dengan proporsi irama sinus yang lebih tinggi daripada irama atrial (57,1%). Dari uji T didapatkan ada perbedaan bermakna rata-rata kadar P selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP pada tingkat aktivitas fisik 1-4 METs dan > 4 METs, dimana rerata kadar P selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP pada tingkat aktivitas fisik > 4 METs lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan 1-4 METs (p=0,003). Setelah dilakukan analisa multivariat terlihat tingkat aktivitas fisik pasca KMTP tetap berpengaruh terhadap kadar P Selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP (p=0,001). Area Katup Mitral (AKM) pasca KMTP berpengaruh terhadap kadar P selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP (p=0,018), namun tingkat aktivitas fisik pasca KMTP lebih besar pengaruhnya dibandingkan AKM.Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan kadar P selectin 3 bulan pasca KMTP dimana pada tingkat aktivitas yang lebih tinggi ( > 4 METs) kadar P selectin lebih rendah 10,489 ug/ml dibandingkan tingkatan aktivitas fisik 1-4 METs.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Mitral stenosis (MS) is an important health problem in Indonesia. P selectin level in MS increases due to endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation. Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) is one of the management for MS patients. Thus, the physical activity can improve and in turn affect the level of P selectin. There has been no study link the level of physical activity with the level of P Selectin 3 months after of PTMC.Method: This is a cross sectional study with 56 subjects who underwent PTMC from May 2013 to February 2014 at the Hospital of National Heart Centre Harapan Kita. Then, 35 samples met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and echocardiography data before and 3 months after PTMC were taken from medical records. Interviews were conducted 3 months after PTMC. Physical activity levels were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (1-4 METs) and group 2 (> 4 METs). Sample for P selectin was taken 3 months after PTMC. Further statistical analysis was done to determine the relationship between physical activity level with level of P Selectin 3 months after PTMC in rheumatic MS.Result: Patients who will undergo PTMC have the mean age of 40.00 ± 11.58 years with a higher proportion of women than men (74.3%) and the proportion of sinus rhythm is higher than atrial rhythm (57.1%) . T-test analysis result showed significant difference in the average levels of P selectin 3 months after PTMC on the level of physical activity 1-4 METs and > 4 METs. The average P selectin levels on the level of physical activity in group with > 4 METs was significantly lower compared with group 1-4 METs (p = 0.003). After multivariate analysis, the physical activity level still has an effect on the P selectin levels 3 months after PTMC (p = 0.001). The Mitral Valve Area (MVA) after PTMC also has an effect on P selectin levels (p = 0.018). However, the level of physical activity after PTMC has a greater effect than MVA.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of physical activity with P selectin levels 3 months after PTMC.Group with higher activity level (> 4 METs) have lower level of P selectin (with the mean difference levels of P Selectin 10,489 ug/ml);Background: Mitral stenosis (MS) is an important health problem in Indonesia. P selectin level in MS increases due to endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation. Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) is one of the management for MS patients. Thus, the physical activity can improve and in turn affect the level of P selectin. There has been no study link the level of physical activity with the level of P Selectin 3 months after of PTMC.Method: This is a cross sectional study with 56 subjects who underwent PTMC from May 2013 to February 2014 at the Hospital of National Heart Centre Harapan Kita. Then, 35 samples met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and echocardiography data before and 3 months after PTMC were taken from medical records. Interviews were conducted 3 months after PTMC. Physical activity levels were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (1-4 METs) and group 2 (> 4 METs). Sample for P selectin was taken 3 months after PTMC. Further statistical analysis was done to determine the relationship between physical activity level with level of P Selectin 3 months after PTMC in rheumatic MS.Result: Patients who will undergo PTMC have the mean age of 40.00 ± 11.58 years with a higher proportion of women than men (74.3%) and the proportion of sinus rhythm is higher than atrial rhythm (57.1%) . T-test analysis result showed significant difference in the average levels of P selectin 3 months after PTMC on the level of physical activity 1-4 METs and > 4 METs. The average P selectin levels on the level of physical activity in group with > 4 METs was significantly lower compared with group 1-4 METs (p = 0.003). After multivariate analysis, the physical activity level still has an effect on the P selectin levels 3 months after PTMC (p = 0.001). The Mitral Valve Area (MVA) after PTMC also has an effect on P selectin levels (p = 0.018). However, the level of physical activity after PTMC has a greater effect than MVA.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of physical activity with P selectin levels 3 months after PTMC.Group with higher activity level (> 4 METs) have lower level of P selectin (with the mean difference levels of P Selectin 10,489 ug/ml), Background: Mitral stenosis (MS) is an important health problem in Indonesia. P selectin level in MS increases due to endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation. Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) is one of the management for MS patients. Thus, the physical activity can improve and in turn affect the level of P selectin. There has been no study link the level of physical activity with the level of P Selectin 3 months after of PTMC.Method: This is a cross sectional study with 56 subjects who underwent PTMC from May 2013 to February 2014 at the Hospital of National Heart Centre Harapan Kita. Then, 35 samples met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and echocardiography data before and 3 months after PTMC were taken from medical records. Interviews were conducted 3 months after PTMC. Physical activity levels were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (1-4 METs) and group 2 (> 4 METs). Sample for P selectin was taken 3 months after PTMC. Further statistical analysis was done to determine the relationship between physical activity level with level of P Selectin 3 months after PTMC in rheumatic MS.Result: Patients who will undergo PTMC have the mean age of 40.00 ± 11.58 years with a higher proportion of women than men (74.3%) and the proportion of sinus rhythm is higher than atrial rhythm (57.1%) . T-test analysis result showed significant difference in the average levels of P selectin 3 months after PTMC on the level of physical activity 1-4 METs and > 4 METs. The average P selectin levels on the level of physical activity in group with > 4 METs was significantly lower compared with group 1-4 METs (p = 0.003). After multivariate analysis, the physical activity level still has an effect on the P selectin levels 3 months after PTMC (p = 0.001). The Mitral Valve Area (MVA) after PTMC also has an effect on P selectin levels (p = 0.018). However, the level of physical activity after PTMC has a greater effect than MVA.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of physical activity with P selectin levels 3 months after PTMC.Group with higher activity level (> 4 METs) have lower level of P selectin (with the mean difference levels of P Selectin 10,489 ug/ml)]"

"Latar belakang. Hipertensi pulmonal merupakan salah satu komplikasi jangka panjang pada stenosis mitral, dan meningkatkan morbiditas serta mortalitas. Peningkatan resistensi vaskular paru terjadi pada fase reaktif hipertensi pulmonal akibat stenosis mitral. Pada hipertensi pulmonal terjadi gangguan keseimbangan sistem otonom, yang berpengaruh pada perubahan laju jantung saat uji latih. Laju jantung pemulihan dihitung dari selisih laju jantung maksimal saat uji latih dengan laju jantung menit pertama fase pemulihan dipengaruhi oleh reaktivasi sistem parasimpatis saat akhir latihan, dan merupakan prediktor mortalitas jangka panjang. Metode. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 20 pasien stenosis mitral bermakna dengan hipertensi pulmonal yang menjalani pembedahan katup mitral di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita dari bulan Agustus hingga November 2014. Dilakukan pengukuran resistensi vaskular paru sebelum operasi dan sebelum pasien dipulangkan. Laju jantung pemulihan diambil dari uji treadmil pada akhir program rehabilitasi kardiak fase 2. Dilakukan analisa statistik untuk mencari hubungan antara resistensi vaskular paru dengan laju jantung pemulihan saat latihan pasca operasi katup mitral. Hasil. Laju jantung pemulihan yang diukur pada menit pertama fase pemulihan uji treadmill adalah 11,5 + 5,9 kali per menit, dan perubahan resistensi vaskular paru pre dan paska operasi sebesar 1,55 + 2,1 WU. Laju jantung pemulihan menit pertama memiliki korelasi sedang dengan perubahan resistensi vaskular paru (r 0,537; p 0,015) . Analisa regresi linier laju jantung pemulihan menit pertama dengan perubahan resistensi vaskular paru pre dan paska operasi mendapatkan nilai koefisien β 1,52 dengan IK 95% 0,338-2,706 dengan nilai p 0,015. Analisa bivariat menyimpulkan bahwa digoxin merupakan variabel perancu (p 0,048). Analisa regresi linier antara perubahanresistensi vaskular paru pasca operasidengan laju jantung pemulihan menit pertama(adjusted analysis sesuai variable perancu)menunjukkan nilai koefisien β 1,244 dengan IK 95% 0,032-2,457 dengan nilai p 0,045. Kesimpulan. Perubahan resistensi vaskular paru pada pasien stenosis mitral dengan hipertensi pulmonal yang menjalani pembedahan berhubungan dengan laju jantung pemulihan menit pertama saat uji latih jantung.

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Background. Pulmonary hypertension is one of the long-term complication of mitral stenosis, resulting increase of morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is increase in reactive phase of pulmonary hypertension due to mitral stenosis. There is impaired autonom regulation following pulmonary hypertension, affecting heart rate changes during exercise test. Heart rate recovery (HRR) is defined as the difference between heart rate at peak exercise and 1 minute of recovery phase. It is affected by reactivation of parasympathetic system after cessation of exercise, and has been known as a long-term mortality predictor.

Method. A study of 20 patients with significant mitral stenosis with pulmonary hypertension who underwent mitral valve surgery in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita was done from August to November 2014. PVR data from echocardiography was measured before surgery and before the patients were discharged. HRR data was taken from the treadmill test at the end of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation program. Statistical analysis is done to explore the correlation between pulmonary vascular resistance and heart rate recovery after exercise test.

Result. Mean heart rate recovery after exercise test is 11,5 + 5,9 beat perminute, and changes of pulmonary vascular resistance after surgery is 1,55+2,1 WU. There was a correlation between change of PVR and heart rate recovery (r 0,537; p 0,015). Linear regression analysis of the change of PVR and heart rate recovery (unadjusted analysis) showed β coefficient 1,52 with 95% confidence interval 0,338-2,706 and p 0,015. Adjusted analysis to confounding variabel showed β coefficient 1,244 with 95% CI 0,032-2,457 and p 0,045.

Conclusion. Changes of pulmonary vascular resistance after mitral valve surgery in mitral stenosis pastient is positively correlated with heart rate recovery during exercise test."

"Latar belakang. Stenosis mitral masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di negara berkembang dengan hipertensi pulmoner sebagai salah satu komplikasinya. Disfungsi endothelium berperan penting pada hipertensi pulmoner dimana terdapat peningkatan produksi mediator vasoaktif. Endotelin-1 merupakan vasokonstriktor yang kuat dan berperan penting dalam hipertensi pulmoner. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort pada 32 pasien stenosis mitral bermakna dengan hipertensi pulmoner sedang-berat yang menjalani pembedahan katup mitral di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita dari bulan April hingga November 2014. Dilakukan analisa statistik untuk mencari hubungan antara kadar endotelin-1 dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi. Hasil. Terdapat korelasi antara kadar endotelin-1 pre operasi dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi (r 0,387 dengan p 0,029). Analisa regresi linear antara kadar endotelin-1 pre operasi dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi (adjusted analysis sesuai usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dislipidemia, atrial fibrilasi dan waktu cross clamp aorta dan penggunaan mesin cardiopulmonay bypass menunjukan nilai koefisien β 11,4 dengan IK 95% 2,9-19,9 dan nilai p 0,011. Analisa regresi linear antara kadar endotelin-1 pasca operasi dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi (adjusted analysis) menunjukan nilai koefisien β 4,3 dengan IK 95% -5,4-13,9 dan nilai p 0,367. Analisa regresi linear antara perubahan kadar endotelin-1 pre dan pasca operasi dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi (adjusted analysis) mendapatkan nilai koefisien β 12,5 dengan IK 95% 0,5-24,4 dan p 0,041. Kesimpulan. Kadar endotelin-1 pre operasi berhubungan dengan tekanan sistolik arteri pulmoner pasca operasi mitral pada pasien mitral stenosis dengan hipertensi pulmoner.

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Background. Mitral stenosis is still the major health problem in developing countries with pulmonary hypertension as one of the complications. Endothelial dysfunction play significant role in pulmonary hypertension where the production of vasoactive mediators increase. Endothelin-1 is a very strong vasoconstrictor which play role in pulmonary hypertension.

Methods. A cohort study in 32 patients with significant mitral stenosis complicated with moderate-severe pulmonary hypertension who underwent mitral valve surgery in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita from April to November 2014. Statistical analysis is done to explore the correlation between endothelin-1 level and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure post surgery.

Results. There was correlation between endothelin-1 pre surgery with systolic pulmonary arterypressure after surgery (r 0,387 and p value 0,029). Linear regression analysis of the endothelin-1 level pre surgery with systolic pulmonary artery pressure post surgery (adjusted analysis to age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia atrial fibrillation, aortic cross clamp time and cardio-pulmonary bypass time) with β coefficient 11,4 with 95% confidence interval 2,9-19,9 and p 0,011. Linear regression analysis between endothelin-1 level post surgery with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (adjusted analysis) showed β coefficient 4,3 with 95% confidence interval -5,4-13,9 and p 0,367. Linear regression analysis between the difference of endothelin-1 level post and pre surgery and systolic pulmonary artery pressure post surgery (adjusted analysis) showed β coefficient 4,3 with 95% confidence interval 0,5-24,4 and p 0,041.

Conclusion. Endothelin-1 level pre surgery is correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure post mitral valve surgery in mitral stenosis patients with pulmonary hypertension."

"Latar belakang. Hubungan antara inflamasi dan koagulasi telah banyak dijelaskan, dimana molekul adhesi memiliki peranan penting dalam inflamasi. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) dan soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) tampak berkaitan dengan trombosis pada beberapa penelitian sebelumnya. Molekul-molekul tersebut meningkat pada stenosis mitral (SM) namun bagaimana hubungannya dengan derajat trombosis atrium kiri belum diketahui. Metode. Pasien SM derajat sedang-berat (tanpa adanya regurgitasi mitral signifikan) yang menjalani pemeriksan ekokardiografi transesofageal diikutsertakan secara konsekutif sejak September-Oktober 2013. Penilaian gradasi trombosis atrium kiri dilakukan untuk mengkategorikan mereka menjadi kelompok non-trombus dengan left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) tebal, dan kelompok non-trombus tanpa LASEC tebal, dan kelompok trombus. Kadar sICAM-1 dan sVCAM-1 dari vena perifer diukur dengan teknik enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Hasil. Sebanyak 39 subyek penelitian dengan rerata usia 40,97±9,61 tahun, 71,8% berjenis kelamin perempuan, dan 67,7% memiliki irama fibrilasi atrium. Evaluasi terhadap gradasi trombosis atrium kiri (kelompok non-trombus tanpa LASEC tebal, kelompok non-trombus dengan LASEC tebal, dan kelompok trombus) menunjukkan kadar sICAM-1 sebesar 284,74 (218,79-321) ng/mL, 346,86 (125,68-698,12) ng/mL, dan 395,93 (171,44-1021,53) ng/mL secara berurutan (p=0,280). Kadar sVCAM-1 pada 3 kelompok tersebut sebesar 729,01 (543,93-967,8) ng/mL, 1066 (581,36-2470,6) ng/mL, dan 1158 (668,66-2498,3) ng/mL secara berurutan (p=0,016). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan fibrilasi atrium dan area katup mitral yang mempengaruhi gradasi trombosis. Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan kadar sVCAM-1 pada kelompok menurut gradasi trombosis atrium kiri pada SM, namun pengaruh sVCAM-1 terhadap gradasi trombosis atrium kiri dipengaruhi oleh fibrilasi atrium dan area katup mitral.

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Background. The relationship between inflammation and coagulation has been widely described while adhesion molecules takes important role in inflammation. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) seemed to be related to thrombosis in previous studies. Those molecules increase in mitral stenosis (MS) but their relationship with left atrial thrombosis gradation is still unknown.

Methods. Patients with moderate-severe MS (without any significant mitral regurgitation) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography were recruited consecutively in September-October 2013. They were divided into three categories of left atrial thrombosis gradation: non-thrombus without dense LASEC group, non-thrombus with dense LASEC group, and thrombus group. sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels in peripheral vein were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay technique.

Results. A total of 39 subjects were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 40,97±9,61 year, 71,8% of them were female, and 67,7% of them had atrial fibrillation. Evaluation on left atrial thrombosis gradation (non-thrombus with dense LASEC group, non-thrombus without dense LASEC group, and thrombus group) showed that sICAM-1 levels were 284,74 (218,79-321) ng/mL, 346,86 (125,68-698,12) ng/mL, and 395,93 (171,44-1021,53) ng/mL, cosecutively (p=0,280). sVCAM-1 levels were 729,01(543,93-967,8) ng/mL, 1066 (581,36-2470,6) ng/mL, and 1158 (668,66-2498,3) ng/mL, consecutively (p=0,016). Multivariate analysis showed that AF and MVA influence thrombosis gradation.

Conclusion. Difference in sVCAM-1 levels was found among left atrial thrombosis gradation groups in mitral stenosis, but its effect on thrombosis gradation was influenced by atrial fibrillation and mitral valve area."