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"Latar Belakang: Sebagai negara dengan mayoritas penduduk muslim, sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia termasuk lansia menjalani puasa pada bulan Ramadhan. Dalam mengevaluasi keamanan berpuasa Ramadhan pada populasi lansia, dilakukan berbagai penilaian, salah satunya adalah profil fungsi ginjal. Profil fungsi ginjal, dinilai dari laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG), merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam menentukan kesehatan lansia. Namun, belum terdapat penelitian mengenai profil fungsi ginjal dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pada lansia berpuasa. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil dan faktor risiko perubahan fungsi ginjal pada usia lanjut yang berpuasa Ramadhan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort prospektif dengan menggunakan data primer pada subyek usia > 60 tahun yang menjalani puasa Ramadhan di kelurahan Jatinegara sejak April 2019 hingga Juli 2019. Profil fungsi ginjal dihitung menggunakan pemeriksaan (LFG) pada 1 minggu sebelum berpuasa, 3 minggu berpuasa, dan 2 minggu pasca berpuasa. Faktor risiko yang dinilai adalah usia, indeks massa tubuh, diabetes melitus, hipertensi, kebiasaan merokok, konsumsi protein, dan konsumsi cairan. Analisa bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square atau Fisher. Analisis multivariat dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini, tidak ditemukan adanya faktor risiko yang secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan fungsi ginjal selama puasa bulan Ramadhan pada lanjut usia. Beberapa farktor dapat mempengaruhi fungsi ginjal pada usia lanjut yang berpuasa Ramadhan, salah satunya adalah usia. Mayoritas lanjut usia yang mengalami penurunan GFR selama bulan Ramadhan berusia 60-70 tahun berjumlah 89 orang atau 68,5%. Sisanya berjumlah 10 orang atau 58,8% berusia >70 tahun. Namun, setelah dilakukan analisis, hubungan antara usia dengan penurunan GFR selama puasa Ramadhan tidak bermakna (p=0,426). Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan adanya perubahan signifikan pada fungsi ginjal dengan usia lanjut yang menjalankan puasa dibulan Ramadhan.

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Background. As a country with a majority Muslim population, most Indonesians, including the elderly, fast during the month of Ramadan. To evaluate the safety of fasting during Ramadan in the elderly population, various assessments were carried out, one of which is kidney function profile. Kidney function profile, assessed using glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is one of the important parameters in determining the health of the elderly. However, there has been no research on kidney function profile and its affecting factors on fasting elderly in Indonesia.

Aim:. To determine the profile and risk factors for changes in kidney function in elderly who fast during Ramadan.

Methods. This study used prospective cohort design using primary data on subjects aged > 60 years who were undergoing Ramadan fasting in Jatinegara village from April 2019 to July 2019. The kidney function profile was calculated using glomerular filtration rate (GFR) examination on 1 week before fasting, 3 weeks fasting, and 2 weeks post fasting. The risk factors assessed were age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking habits, protein consumption, and fluid consumption. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square or Fisher test. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression.

Result. In this study, no risk factors were found significantly influencing changes in kidney function during the Ramadan fasting in the elderly. Some factors can affect kidney function in elderly who fasted in Ramadan, one of which is age. The majority of elderly who experienced a decrease in GFR during the month of Ramadan aged 60-70 years amounted to 89 people or 68.5%. The rest amounted to 10 people or 58.8% aged> 70 years. However, after analysis, the relationship between age and decreased GFR during Ramadan fasting was not significant (p = 0.426).

Conclusion. There was no significant changes in kidney function on fasting elderly during Ramadan."

"Latar Belakang: Puasa ramadan menurunkan petanda inflamasi pada individu sehat. pasien PGK (Penyakit ginjal kronik) yang menjalanin hemodialisis rutin meskipun dianjurkan tidak berpuasa sebagian besar masih tetap berpuasa ramadan. PGK merupakan kondisi inflamasi kronik dengan petanda inflamasi IL-6 yang tinggi, IL-6 berkorelasi kuat dengan skor inflamasi malnutrisi dan menjadi prediktor mortalitas pasien PGK yang menjalanin HD rutin. Saat ini belum diketahui pengaruh puasa ramadan pada pasien PGK yang menjalanin HD rutin apakah akan juga mempengaruhi petanda inflamasi seperti individu sehat. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh puasa Ramadan pada pasien dengan hemodialisis rutin terhadap inflamasi.Metode: Penelitian dengan desain kohort prospektif yang dikerjakan pada ramadan tahun 2022 (April-Mei) pada pasien hemodialisis rutin di 3 unit HD, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (berpuasa/tidak berpuasa) dimana subjek dengan kondisi infeksi, dalam terapi steroid, edema pulmo, diabetes yang tidak terkontrol, disabilitas, tuli pendengaran serta memiliki penyakit kardiovascular berat dikeluarkan dalam penelitian ini. Kadar IL-6 dan skor MIS dinilai sebelum menjalankan proses HD di minggu pertama dan terkhir ramadan. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung median dari tiap variable dependen.Hasil: Total 70 subjek diikutsertakan pada penelitian ini. Sebagian besar subjek penelitian adalah laki-laki (54,3%), berusia lebih dari 45 tahun (52,9%), berasal dari rumah sakit PMI (42,9%) dengan jenis dialiser LF (Lowflux) 78,6%. Durasi lama puasa lebih dari sama dengan 15 hari adalah 70%, tidak menjalankan ibadah puasa saat HD 71,4% dengan lama menjalani hemodialisis lebih dari 5 tahun 48,6% dan komorbid hipertensi 64,3%. Delta kadar IL-6 Kel berpuasa 6,1 pg/mL, kel tidak berpuasa 13,6 pg/mL dengan p=0,828. Delta MIS kel berpuasa 1 point dan kel tidak berpuasa 2 point dengan p=0,376.Simpulan: Pasien hemodialisis rutin yang berpuasa ramadan menunjukan peningkatan kadar IL-6 dan skor MIS lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang tidak berpuasa walaupun secara statistik tidak bermaknaBackground and Objectives Ramadan fasting reduces sign of inflammation in healthy individuals. CKD patients who undergo routine hemodialysis, although those patients are not recommended to fast, most of them were still fasting. CKD is a chronic inflammation condition which indicated by high level of IL-6. Level of IL-6 is strongly correlated with Malnutrition- Inflammatory Score (MIS) and is a mortality predictor in PGK patients who undergo routine dialysis. Currently, there is no information on the effect of Ramadan fasting on CKD patients who undergo dialysis and whether it has similar effect on inflammation index compared to healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: The study employed prospective cohort design which was done during Ramadan 2022 (April – May) on routine hemodialysis patients in 3 hemodialysis unit. The subject was divided into two groups (i.e. fasting/ non- fasting) where subjects with infection conditions, undergoing steroid therapy, pulmonary edema, uncontrolled diabetes, disability, hearing impaired, and cardiovascular disease are excluded from this study. Level of IL-6 and MIS score was taken before undergo hemodialysis in the first and last week of Ramadan. Data analysis was done by calculating median to every dependent variable.Results: A total of 70 subjects were included in this study. Most of the subjects are male (54.3%), aged more than 45 years old (52.9%), taken from PMI hospital (42.9%), and with low-flux membrane dialyzers (LF) (78.6%). The duration of fasting was more or equal to 15 days (70%), undergo hemodialysis without fasting (71.4%), have been undergo hemodialysis for more than five years (48.6%) and comorbidity of hypertension (64.3%). The change of IL-6 level in fasting group was 6.1 pg/mL; not fasting group was 13.6 pg/mL with p value= 0.828. The difference in MIS in fasting group was 1 point and non-fasting group was 2 points with p value=0.376. Conclusion: Patients undergo routine hemodialysis in fasting group showed increase in IL-6 levels and MIS score lower compared to non-fasting group, although statistically insignificant. "

"Latar belakang: Pada saat puasa Ramadhan, terjadi penurunan rerata pH lambung dan memendeknya selisih waktu antara makan terakhir dan jam tidur sehingga memperberat keluhan Penyakit Refluks Gastroesofageal (Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease, disingkat GERD). Sementara itu juga terjadi keteraturan jadwal makan, dan perubahan dalam kebiasaan merokok dan alkohol. Meski demikian, belum diketahui dengan pasti keluhan penyakit GERD selama berpuasa Ramadhan.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh puasa Ramadhan terhadap keluhan GERD.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi longitudinal yang mengevaluasi keluhan GERD pada pasien yang menjalani puasa Ramadhan. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Juli (Ramadhan) sampai bulan Oktober (tiga bulan setelah Ramadhan) 2015. Subjek penelitian yang didapatkan melalui metode consecutive sampling ini dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok berpuasa Ramadhan (n=66) dan kelompok tidak berpuasa Ramadhan (n=64). Evaluasi dilakukan antara kedua kelompok tesebut, dan antara bulan Ramadhan dengan di luar bulan Ramadhan pada kelompok berpuasa, dengan menggunakan kuesioner GERD (GERD-Q) yang telah diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia.Hasil: Pada kelompok yang berpuasa Ramadhan, terdapat perbedaan median nilai GERD-Q yang bermakna secara statistik (nilai p < 0,01) antara bulan Ramadhan dengan nilai median 0, dan di luar bulan Ramadhan dengan nilai median yang meningkat menjadi 4. Sementara itu, bila dilakukan analisis untuk membandingkan median nilai GERD-Q antara kelompok yang berpuasa Ramadhan dan tidak, juga didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna (nilai p < 0,01).Simpulan: Pada subjek yang menjalani puasa Ramadhan, keluhan GERD dirasakan lebih ringan saat menjalani puasa Ramadhan dibandingkan di luar bulan Ramadhan. Di bulan Ramadhan, keluhan GERD lebih ringan dirasakan oleh subjek yang menjalani puasa Ramadhan dibandingkan subjek yang tidak menjalani puasa Ramadhan.

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Background: During Ramadan fasting, increasing gastric acid levels as a result of prolong fasting can precipitate symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Meanwhile, lifestyle changes during Ramadan (such as smoking cessation) can relieve its symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate effect of Ramadan fasting on GERD.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Ramadan fasting on GERD symptoms.

Method: This is a longitudinal study done in July (Ramadan) to October (three months after Ramadan) 2015. Using consecutive sampling method, a total of 130 GERD patients participated in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who underwent Ramadan fasting (n=66), and patients who didn?t undergo fasting (n=64). The evaluation was done using Indonesian version of GERD questionnaire (GERD-Q) between the two groups, and between Ramadan month and non-Ramadan month of Ramadan fasting group.

Results: In Ramadan fasting group, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) in median of GERD-Q during Ramadan month and non-Ramadan month (median GERD-Q 0 and 4 respectively). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was also found between Ramadan fasting group and non-fasting group.

Conclusion: In Ramadan fasting group, GERD symptoms were lighter during fasting month (Ramadan). During Ramadan month, GERD symptoms were also lighter in Ramadan fasting group than in non-fasting group."

"ABSTRAKBackground: a freshwater fish Ophiocephalus striatus or known locally to Indonesian as haruan,can potentially increases IGF-1 and albumin levels in elderly patients with hypoalbuminemia due to the contents of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Ophiocephalus striatus extract on the level of IGF-1 and albumin in elderly patients with hypoalbuminemia due to the contents of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Ophiocephalus striatus extract on the level of IGF-1 and albumin in elderly patients with hypoalbuminemia.Methods: the study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial involving malnourished elderly inpatients (≥60 years old) recovering from acute condition before hospital discharge, with Mini Nutritional Assessment score ≤23.5 and albumin level <3.5 g/dL. A total of 109 subjects were randomly divided into two groups: one group received 10 g Ophiocephalus striatus extract per day for 14 days and another group received placebo. Albumin and IGF-1 levels were obtained before and after intervention.Results: ninety subjects completed the study (extract group=45 subjects; placebo group =45 subjects) for 14 days. The median of age were 69 (64;75) years and the male to female ratio were 2 : 3. The changes of IGF-1 and albumin levels from before to after intervention between extract group compared to placebo group were 14.7 (0.30;31.5) ng/mL vs 1.0 (-6;13.15) ng/mL (p=0.002) and 0.5 (0.15;0.70) g/dL vs 0.10 (0.0;0.50) g/dL (p=0.003), respectively. There were significant differences in the improvement of IGF-1 and albumin levels between extract and placebo group.Conclusion: supplementation of Ophiocephalus striatus extract was associated with a significant increase in IGF-1 and albumin levels in elderly patients with hypoalbuminemia."

"In this paper, fasting refers to the Muslim fast, defined as refraining from eating and drinking and all other activities that annul the fast from sunrise to sunset (approximately 14 hours). Fasting can be performed at any time in the year, but is usually performed during certain the compulsory month or recommended days.The fasting of the month of Ramadan is an activity that is health-wise quite difficult, since the person has to refrain from eating and drinking from sunset to sunrise (approximately 13 to 14 days per day) for 29-30 consecutive days."

"Puasa Ramadan dapat menyebabkan perubahan pola tidur dan makan yang memengaruhi pasien dengan penyakit neurologis kronis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas tidur pasien selama puasa Ramadan. Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan 40 pasien dengan penyakit neurologis kronis di Poliklinik Saraf RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Februari hingga Juni 2023. Kualitas tidur diukur menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), dan STOP-BANG. Hasil menunjukkan 77,5% subjek mengalami gangguan tidur setelah puasa, dengan perubahan signifikan pada tingkat insomnia (ISI) dan risiko obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Namun, tidak terdapat perubahan signifikan pada kualitas tidur menurut ESS dan PSQI. Mayoritas subjek (75%) adalah perempuan dengan usia rata-rata 40,25 tahun. Kesimpulannya, meskipun puasa dapat memicu gangguan tidur, manajemen yang tepat memungkinkan pasien menjalankan puasa tanpa dampak buruk yang signifikan terhadap kualitas tidur. Hal ini memberikan harapan bagi pasien dengan penyakit neurologis kronis untuk tetap menjalankan puasa secara aman.

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Ramadan fasting can lead to changes in eating and sleeping patterns that affect patients with chronic neurological diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality of patients during Ramadan fasting. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 40 patients with chronic neurological diseases at the Neurology Clinic of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo from February to June 2023. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and STOP-BANG. The results showed that 77.5% of the subjects experienced sleep disturbances after fasting, with significant changes in insomnia severity (ISI) and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there were no significant changes in sleep quality as measured by ESS and PSQI. The majority of subjects (75%) were female, with an average age of 40.25 years. In conclusion, while fasting may trigger sleep disturbances, proper management enables patients to fast without significant adverse effects on sleep quality. This finding provides hope for patients with chronic neurological diseases to safely observe Ramadan fasting."

"ABSTRACTBackground: the aging process causes decreasing in the function of various organs. Skletal muscle is one of the organs affected by aging process. It is known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. The handgrip strength examination is often applied as a sarcopenia filtering technique. This study aimed to determine the relationship between age, nutritional status, and chronic diseases such as stroke, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with handgrip strength. Methods: a cross-sectional study to determine factors related to the handgrip strength in elderly patients was conducted in Geriatric outpatient clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Mohammad Hoesin Hospital from August to October 2015. There were 352 eligible subjects in this study recruited with consecutive sampling. The independent variables in the study consisted of age, sex, nutritional status, chronic disease (stroke, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), waist circumference while the dependent variable was handgrip strength. Results: age of more than 75 years old and malnutriton were risk factors that affected hangrip strength. Age of >75 years increase the risk for having low handgrip strength by 2,3-fold. Malnutrition increased risk for low handgrip strength for 1,9-fold. Conclusion: ages of >75 years old and malnutrition will increase the risk of low handgrip strength in elderly patients."

"Pendahuluan: Prevalensi sirosis tinggi di Indonesia yang mayoritas populasinya adalah muslim. Pada saat menjalani puasa Ramadhan yang merupakan kewajiban umat muslim terjadi berbagai proses metabolik yang dapat mempengaruhi keadaan klinis, nutrisi dan bokimiawi pasien sirosis hati . Penelitian tentang efek puasa Ramadhan pada pasien sirosis hati di Indonesia belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perubahan status nutrisi, status fungsi hati, pembentukan badan keton dan keseimbangan nitrogen pada pasien sirosis hati yang menjalankan puasa Ramadhan. Metode: Penelitian "pre dan post" dengan consecutive sampling dilakukan pada pasien sirosis hati yang berpuasa Ramadhan. Penilaian status fungsional hati dengan skor Child-Pugh (CP), antropometrik dengan mengukur indeks massa tubuh (IMT), ketebalan triceps skinfold (TSF) menggunakan kaliper Holtain, mid-arm muscle circumference, asupan makanan 24 jam, kadar 3-β-hidroksi butirat darah, serta pengukuran ekskresi nitrogen urin 24 jam, dilakukan pada minggu ke-4 Ramadhan dan 4 minggu pasca Ramadhan. Hasil: Didapatkan 24 pasien sirosis hati, 16 orang (66,7%) laki-laki dan 8 orang (33,3%) perempuan yang menjalankan puasa Ramadhan dengan rerata umur 60 tahun. Etiologinya virus hepatitis B 54,2%, hepatitis C 20,8%, dan penyebab yang tidak diketahui 25%. Status fungsi hati CP A 19 orang (79,2%), CP B 2 orang (8,3%), dan CP C 3 orang (12,5%). Tidak ada perubahan skor CP pasca Ramadhan. Rerata (SD) IMT, ketebalan TSF, MAMC saat puasa Ramadhan berturut-turut adalah 25,112 (4,05) kg/m2, 7,40 (3,61) mm, 25,77 (3,077) cm dan pasca Ramadhan berturut-turut 25,25 (4,01) kg/m2 (p = 0,438), 7,89 (4,33) mm (p=0,024), 25,96 (3,42) cm (p=0,228). Kadar 3-β-hidroksi butirat darah saat Ramadhan adalah 0,14 (0.07) mmol/L, pasca Ramadhan 0,11 (0.09) mmol/L (p=0,166). Rerata (SD) keseimbangan nitrogen saat puasa Ramadhan 2,44 (2,93) gram/24 jam, pasca Ramadhan 0,51 (3,16) gram/24 jam (p=0,037). Simpulan: Tidak ada pebedaan status fungsi hati dan kadar 3-β-hidroksi butirat darah pada saat dan pasca Ramadhan. Indeks massa tubuh dan ketebalan TSF membaik pasca Ramadhan. Keseimbangan nitrogen lebih positif saat Ramadhan. Puasa Ramadhan tampaknya tidak membahayakan pasien sirosis hati terutama pada kondisi fungsi hati yang terkompensasi.

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Introduction: The prevalence of cirrhosis is high in Indonesia which most of are predominantly moslems. There were various metabolic changes happened in Ramadhan fasting that obligated for moslems that could influence clinical, nutritional, and biochemistry condition of cirrhotic patients.The study of effects of Ramdhan fasting in cirrhotics patients (pts) in Indonesia has never been investigated.

Aim of Study: To evaluate changes of liver functional status, nutritional status, serum 3-β-hidroxy butyric and nitrogen balance in cirrhotic patients during Ramadhan fasting.

Methods: This was a ‘pre and post’ study with consecutive sampling conducted in cirrhotic patients during Ramdhan fasting. Assessment of liver functional status by Child-Pugh (CP) score, anthropometric by measuring body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness measured by Holtain caliper, and mid-arm muscle circumference, 24-hours food intake, serum 3-β-hidroxi butyric, and 24-hours urine nitrogen excretion, were performed at fourth week and four weeks after the end of Ramadhan fasting.

Results: Of 24 cirrhotic patients, 16 male (66,7%) dan 8 female (33,3%) who performed Ramadhan fasting were 60 years old in this study. Etiologies were hepatitis B viral (54,2%), hepatitis C ( 20,8%), and unknown (25%). Liver functional status were CP A 19 pts (79,2%), CP B 2 pts (8,3%), and CP C 3 pts (12,5%). No changes of this status after Ramadhan. Mean (SD) of BMI, TSF thickness, MAMC at Ramadhan concecutively were 25,112 (4,05) kg/m2, 7,40 (3,61) mm, 25,77 (3,077) cm and after Ramadhan 25,25 (4,01) kg/m2 (p = 0,438), 7,89 (4,33) mm (p=0,024), 25,96 (3,42) cm (p=0,228). Mean (SD) of serum 3-β-hidroxy butyric at Ramadhan was 0,14 (0.07) mmol/L, after Ramadhan 0,11 (0.09) mmol/L (p=0,166). Mean (SD) of nitrogen balance at Ramadhan was 2,44 (2,93) gram/24 hour, after Ramadhan 0,51 (3,16) gram/24 hour (p=0,037).

Conclusion: No difference of liver functional status and serum 3-β-hidroxy butyric during and after Ramadhan. Body mass index and triceps skinfold were better after Ramadhan. Nitrogen balance was more positive during Ramadhan compared to after Ramadhan. Ramadhan fasting is likely harmless especially in compensated liver cirrhosis."