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"The objective of this research is to evaluate the availability of the fertilizers from the second line to the small distributor and the use of the fertilizer in the farming based on the SK Memperindag No 93/MPP/Kep/3/2001. Perception about the effectivity and benefit of the many kind of fertilizer for the paddy productivity also evaluated. Data are from three province (Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur) both primary and secondary. Two Kabupatens are chosen from each province which one has higher and the other has lower productivity than province average. Data and Information using the Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) method which analyzed with the descriptive statitics. Some conclution found are: (1) the decision of the Menperindag is quite effective to derive the availability of fertilizer to the small distributor level, (2) one of the reason of the decrease of the paddy productivity is the using of imbalance fertilizer, which is caused by the relative price of the fertilizers, (3) If the price of the fertilizer below the parity price, the force of the illegal export of the fertilizer increase, (4) because the high price of the fertilizer SP-36, the farmer will reduce the using of that, caused the low of purchasing power parity. "

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi dampak preferensi risiko dan penyuluhan pertanian terhadap kelebihan penggunaan pupuk (urea) oleh rumah tangga petani padi. Dengan menggunakan data Survei Panel Petani Nasional (Patanas) Tahun 2010 dan Tahun 2016, dampak preferensi risiko dan penyuluhan pertanian terhadap kelebihan penggunaan urea diestimasi menggunakan model tobit dengan left censoring sebesar 250 kg/ha. Preferensi risiko rumah tangga petani dihitung dengan model non-parametrik dimana marginal efek penggunaan urea terhadap output diestimasi dengan fungsi mean production sedangkan marginal efek penggunaan urea terhadap risiko diestimasi dengan fungsi output risk. Preferensi risiko diperoleh berdasarkan marginal efek penggunaan urea baik terhadap output maupun risiko di masing-masing observasi. Hasil empiris menunjukkan rata-rata preferensi risiko rumah tangga petani adalah risk averse. Tingkat risk aversion berkorelasi negatif dan signifikan terhadap kelebihan penggunaan urea oleh rumah tangga petani padi. Kenaikan satu unit tingkat risk aversion mengakibatkan rumah tangga petani mengurangi kelebihan penggunaan urea sebanyak 0,63 kg/ha. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa penyuluhan pertanian berdampak signifikan dalam mengurangi kelebihan penggunaan urea pada rumah tangga petani padi di Indonesia.

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This study aims to estimate the effect of risk preference and agricultural extension on overuse of nitrogen fertilizer by rice farmers. Using Patanas Survey in 2010 and 2016, the effect of risk preference and agricultural extension are estimated with Tobit model using 250 kg/ha as left censoring. Farmer’s risk preference is estimated by non-parametric model which contains mean production function and output risk function. Those risk preference are estimated based on marginal effect of nitrogen on output and risk on each observation. This study shows empirically that farmer’s risk preference on average is risk averse. Degree of risk aversion correlates negatively and significantly on overuse of nitrogen fertilizer. If degree of risk aversion increases by one unit then overuse of nitrogen fertilizer decreases by 0.63 kg/ha. Furthermore this study finds that agricultural extension significantly reduces overuse of nitrogen fertilizer by rice farmers in Indonesia.

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"Agricultural development in Maluku Province,which is dominted by small islans, requires specific planning,ne of the basic information required for agricultural development in the small is land resource map

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"Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk akan mendorong perubahan penggunaan tanah pertanian ke nonpertanian, sementara itu peningkatan produksi padi harus ditingkatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan distribusi penduduk dan aktivitas pertanian padi tahun 1989-2009 menurut wilayah ketinggian di Pulau Jawa, dengan variabel jumlah dan pertumbuhan penduduk, jumlah dan perubahan produksi padi, luas dan perubahan luas panen, perubahan luas sawah, produktivitas dan perubahan produktivitas padi, serta ketinggian wilayah. Hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa perubahan distribusi penduduk dan aktivitas pertanian padi cenderung terjadi pada wilayah dataran rendah dibandingkan wilayah dataran tinggi dan berada pada Jawa bagian barat khususnya di pantai utara dan pantai selatan.

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The increasing population will lead to changes in agricultural land use to non-agriculture , in the meantime the increase in the production of paddy must be increased to satisfy the requirement for food. This research was carried out to know the change in population distribution an paddy agricultural activity in 1989-2009 according to the altitude on the island of Java with a variable number and population growth, the number and rate of rice production, the area and the rate of the harvest of the area, the rate of the change in the paddy-field , productivity and rate of rice productivity and altitude regions. Results of the spatial analysis showed that changes in the distribution of population and paddy agricultural activities tend to occur in the lowlands than the highlands in western Java, especially on the north coast and south coast."

"Jawa merupakan sentra pertanian di Indonesia, namun rumah tangga usaha pertanian di Jawa belum sejahtera karena masih didominasi oleh rumah tangga petani dengan lahan minim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesejahteraan rumah tangga usaha pertanian di Jawa menggunakan data Sensus Pertanian 2023. Studi ini menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) dengan pendekatan cross-section untuk menguji pengaruh faktor tenurial, institusional, dan sosiodemografi terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga usaha pertanian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor tenurial, institusional, dan sosio-demografi signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan rumah tangga usaha pertanian melalui penurunan angka rumah tangga usaha pertanian lahan minim dengan arah beragam pada level tingkatan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya kebijakan yang lebih efektif dan terarah dalam mendukung akses lahan dan peran institusional untuk rumah tangga usaha pertanian di Jawa.

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Java is a key agricultural hub in Indonesia; however, agricultural households in Java remain vulnerable, as they are still predominantly characterized by minimal land ownership. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the welfare of agricultural households in Java using data from the 2023 Agricultural Census. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method with a cross-sectional approach was employed to examine the effects of tenurial, institutional, and sociodemographic factors on household welfare. The results show that tenurial, institutional, and sociodemographic factors significantly affect agricultural household welfare by reducing the prevalence of minimal land ownership, although the direction of influence varies across levels. This study emphasizes the importance of more effective and targeted policies to support land access and strengthen institutional roles for agricultural households in Java."

"Air merupakan kebutuhan esensial kedua yang paling banyak dibutuhkan manusia setelah oksigen. Namun, penggunaan air kian meningkat enam kali lipat selama 100 tahun terakhir dan akan terus tumbuh sekitar 1% per tahun sejak 1980-an. Dengan begitu, sumber daya air semakin dieksploitasi untuk memenuhi permintaan yang terus meningkat. Pada saat kebutuhan air yang terus meningkat, BMKG menginformasikan bahwa wilayah Jawa Barat berpotensi mengalami kemarau panjang yang disertai El Nino. Kemarau panjang itu sendiri dapat menyebabkan krisis air. Kabupaten Majalengka Kabupaten Majalengka menjadi salah satu wilayah yang memiliki riwayat kemarau panjang yang mengakibatkan krisis air. Sebagai salah satu sumber air di Kabupaten Majalengka, maka perlu dilakukan analisis ketersediaan air terhadap DAS Cilutung. Analisis ketersediaan air menggunakan persamaan Meijerink (1994), dimana persamaan ini menghitung air yang meresap ke dalam tanah dengan memanfaatkan data iklim, karakteristik fisik, dan luas wilayah.

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Water is the second most essential need for humans after oxygen. However, water use has increased sixfold over the past 100 years and has continued to grow at around 1% per year since the 1980s. That way, water resources are increasingly being exploited to meet the ever-increasing demand. At a time when the need for water continues to increase, the BMKG informed the public that the West Java region has the potential to experience a long dry season accompanied by El Nino. The long drought itself can cause a water crisis. Majalengka Regency Majalengka Regency is one of the areas that has a long history of drought, which has resulted in a water crisis. As one of the water sources in Majalengka Regency, it is necessary to analyze the water availability of the Cilutung Watershed. Analysis of water availability uses the Meijerink equation (1994), where this equation calculates the amount of water that seeps into the ground by utilizing climate data, physical characteristics, and area."