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"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek in vitro kalium iodida (KI) pada produksi fosfatase asam dengan mengkarakterisasikan secara lengkap strain S.schenckii yang diisolasi dari seorang pasien dengan sporotrichosis kulit. Enzim fosfatase asam diukur selama 3 fase pertumbuhan S. schenckii, dengan dan tanpa KI yang ditambahkan pada medium kultur dengan 3 konsentrasi berbeda. Pada kontrol dan bahan uji dengan konsentrasi KI yang berbeda, tidak dijumpai efek samping KI pada produksi fosfatase asam, pada fase awal dan “mid-log” pertumbuhan jamur. Sedangkan pada fase eksponensial dari bahan uji tampak penurunan produksi enzim yang bermakna secara statistik dengan kadar KI 0,8% dan 3,2%. Aktivitas yang rendah pada kadar KI 0,8% dan 3,2% menunjukkan bahwa KI mempunyai efek hambatan pertumbuhan S.schenkii dan menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas enzim. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 65-8)

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The present study was undertaken to find out the in-vitro effect of potassium iodide (KI) on the production of acid phosphatase by fully characterized strain of S.schenckii isolated from a patient of Cutaneous Sporotrichosis. The enzyme acid phosphatase was estimated during the 3 phases of growth of S.schenckii, without and with three concentrations of KI incorporated in the culture medium. In the control and in the test proper, with various concentrations of KI, no adverse effect of KI was observed on the production of acid phosphatase in early and mid log phase of fungal growth. Whereas in the exponential phase in test proper, there was a statistical significant decrease in the enzyme production with 0.8% and 3.2% of KI. The low activity at 0.8% and 3.2% KI indicates that KI has inhibitory effect on the growth of S.schenckii and has led to decrease in the activity of the enzyme. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 65-8)"

"Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian elektrolisis plasma dengan menggunakan larutan aditif pada larutan NaCl. Larutan aditif yang digunakan diantaranya kalium hidroksida, etanol dan asam klorida. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dilakukan pengujian elektrolisis plasma dengan menggunakan membran sebagai pembanding. Membran yang digunakan adalah membran penukar kation. Pengujian elektrolisis plasma dengan menggunakan membran hanya dilakukan terhadap variasi yang membutuhkan konsumsi energi terendah dan memiliki nilai pH larutan yang sesuai dengan kondisi operasi membran. Pada proses elektrolisis plasma tanpa menggunakan membran, konsumsi energi terendah dicapai pada penggunaan larutan NaCl dengan 15%v larutan HCl yaitu sebesar 12,24 kJ/mmol dengan produksi gas klor sebesar 35,10 mmol. Berdasarkan nilai pH larutan yang sesuai dengan kondisi operasi membran, larutan NaCl dengan 15%v etanol membutuhkan konsumsi energi terendah, yaitu 12,64 kJ/mmol, untuk memproduksi gas klor sebanyak 28,26 mmol gas klor. Selanjutnya pengujian elektrolisis plasma dengan membran mampu meningkatkan produksi gas klor hingga sebesar 36,18 mmol dan menekan konsumsi energi hingga mencapai 7,21 kJ/mmol. Peningkatan produksi gas klor membuktikan kemampuan membran untuk dapat memisahkan produk samping NaOH dan mengurangi potensi pembentukan produk samping yang dapat menyebabkan produksi gas klor tidak optimal.

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In this research, plasma electrolysis process used an additive solution in NaCl solution, which are, Potassium Hydroxide, Ethanol and Hydrochloric Acid. In addition, this research also used membrane as comparison with plasma electrolysis without using membrane. Membrane that used in this research is cation exchange membrane. Plasma electrolysis with using membrane only done for the electrolyte solution that requires the lowest energy consumption and has a pH value in accordance with membrane operating condition. In plasma electrolysis without using membrane, the lowest energy consumption achieved on the use of NaCl with 15%v HCl solution that is equal to 12,24 kJ/mmol with chlorine production around 35,10 mmol Cl₂.

Based on pH value that corresponds to the membrane operating condition, NaCl with 15%v ethanol solution requires the lowest energy consumption, which is 12,64 kJ/mmol, to produce chlorine as much as 28,26 mmol Cl₂. Further plasma electrolysis with membrane able to increase clorine production up to 36,18 mmol Cl₂ and reduce energy consumption until 7,21 kJ/mmol. Increased chlorine production can prove membrane ability to separate the byproducts NaOH and reduce side reaction that can cause chlorine production is not optimal."

"Tesis ini mempelajari mengenai pengaruh injeksi Triazine dan Kalium Iodida sebagai Inhibitor korosi terhadap baja karbon dalam larutan 0.5M HCl. Melalui pengujian Polarisasi Tafel dan EIS diperlihatkan bahwa efek penambahan Kalium Iodida pada Triazine dapat meningkatkan efisiensi inhibitor dari 88,72% menjadi 94,23%. Dari pengujian polarisasi ditunjukkan bahwa inhibitor dapat menggeser kurva polarisasi kearah anodik dan katodik (mixed type inhibitor), yang menunjukkan ciri utama sebagai inhibitor dari bahan organik. Pengujian dengan FTIR memperkuat dugaan bahwa inhibitor ini termasuk sebagai inhibitor adsorpsi. Parameter Sinergis (S1) yang diperoleh adalah 1,78, nilai S1>1 mengindikasikan bahwa telah terjadi sinergistik antara ion Iodida dengan Triazine dan Ion logam, dimana Ion iodide berperan sebagai jembatan intermediasi antara ikatan kovalen koordinat (Triazine yang terprotonisasi) kemudian secara elektrostatis terikat pada permukaan logam yg sudah mengandung ion negati (I-).

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This thesis is intended to study upon the effect of Triazine and Potassium Iodide injection as Corrosion Inhibitor on carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution. Through Tafel polarization and EIS testing, demonstrated that inhibitors can reduce the corrosion rate of 94.23% efficiency at the concentration of 375 ppm inhibitor (Triazine 300 ppm and Kalium idodida 75 ppm). The polarization testing demonstrated that the inhibitors can shift the anodic and cathodic polarization curve direction (mixed type inhibitors), which shows the main features as inhibitors of organic material. Testing by using FTIR can conclude that this inhibitor is classified as adsorption inhibitors. The Synergistic parameters (S1) obtained is 1.78 where S1 values > 1 indicate that the addition of Kaium Iodida can improve the inhibitor efficiency because of synergistic effect, the synergistic of iodide ions against Triazine and metal ions happened where the iodide ion facilitates the adsorption of Triazine by forming intermediate bridge between the coordinate covalent bonds (Protonated Triazine) and being electrostatically bonded to the metal surface."

"Clean, safe and sustainable energy sources must be found to minimize all side-effects of fossil fuel consumption. Second generation bioethanol possesses a great potential as an alternative energy source especially in the transportation sector. In this study, rice straw was selected to be studied as a conversion of potential lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. Firstly, rice straw was processed with mechanical pretreatment using a home blender, followed by acid pretreatment using 2.0 M sulphuric acid (H2SO4) at 90oC for 60 minutes. The glucose yield was found to be 9.71 g/L. Then, rice straw pretreated with acid was hydrolyzed using 24 mg of cellulase from Tichoderma Ressei ATCC 26921 over a 72-hour duration, which yielded a total glucose count of 11.466 g/L. After fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it was found that by combining enzymatic hydrolysis with acid pretreatment yielded a higher ethanol content after fermentation (0.1503% or 52.75% of theoretical value) compared to acidic pretreatment alone (0.013% or 11.26% of theoretical value)."

"Pengenceran bertingkat dilakukan terhadap sampel semen. Pengenceran dilakukan dengan mencampurkan semen dengan dH2O dengan persentase 100%, 10%; 1%; 0,1% 0,01%; dan 0,001%. Setiap tingkat pengenceran diteteskan ke kertas saring dan cotton swab sebanyak 10 µl untuk dijadikan noda semen. Uji Acid Phosphatase (AP) dilakukan di setiap tingkat pengenceran. Hasil positif terakhir uji AP didapatkan pada konsentrasi sampel noda semen 0,1%. Ekstraksi DNA sampel node semen dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,001--10% dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi chelex 20%. Hasil ekstraksi DNA sampel noda semen dikuanntifikasi dengan RT-PCR. Kuantifikasi DNA menggunakan Quantifiler Human DNA Quantification kit. Konsentrasi minimum noda semen didapatkan dengan menghitung hasil kuantifikasi DNA menggunakan pendekatan regresi linear. Konsentrasi minimum noda semen untuk menghasilkan 1 ng DNA bernilai 38%.

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The influence of semen stain concentrations on DNA quantities observed at 5 dilution rate. Semen was diluted on dH2O to obtain 100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, and 0.001% semen concentrations. 10 µl of semen solutions were then drops on top of whatman paper and cotton swab to attain semen stains sample. Acid phosphatase screening test show positive result can be observed up to 0.1% semen concentrations. DNA extraction on semen stain samples performed by chelex 20% methods. Extracted DNA were then quantified by RT-PCR. The quantification processes do by utilizing Quantifiler Human DNA Quantification kit. Minimum concentrations of semen stains needed to attain optimum DNA quantities analyzed by calculating the linear fit regression of semen concentrations vs. DNA quantities curve. The result shows minimum semen stain concentration to produce 1 ng/µl DNA was 38%."

"Dalam dunia pengobatan, bahan alam dapat digunakan sebagai upaya preventif, promotif, maupun rehabilitatif. Diduga, kandungan isoflavon dalam susu kacang kedelai sebagai senyawa yang berkhasiat untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan secara ilmiah efek pemberian susu kacang kedelai terhadap kadar asam urat darah tikus putih jantan yang dibuat hiperurisemia dengan kalium oksonat. Sejumlah 30 ekor tikus putih jantan Sprague-Dawley dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol normal dan perlakuan yang diberi larutan CMC 0,5% 3 mL/200 g bb tikus, kelompok pembanding yang diberi suspensi alopurinol 36 mg/200 g bb tikus, serta tiga kelompok bahan uji yang diberi susu kacang kedelai dengan dosis 1, 2, 3 berturut-turut yaitu 2,25 g, 4,5 g, dan 9 g kacang kedelai/200 g bb tikus/hari. Semua kelompok, kecuali kelompok kontrol normal, diinduksi kalium oksonat 50 mg/200 g bb tikus secara intraperitonial. Pengambilan sampel darah pada hari ke delapan dilakukan 2 jam setelah induksi. Pengukuran kadar asam urat dalam plasma dilakukan dengan metode kolorimetri enzimatik dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 520 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa susu kacang kedelai 2,25 g/hari dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat tikus (p < 0,05) dengan efektivitas sebesar 25,58%.

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In therapeutics world, natural materials can be used as a preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative. Presumably, the content of isoflavones in soy milk as a nutritious compounds for lowering uric acid levels. The purpose of this study is to prove scientifically the effect of giving soy milk on blood uric acid levels of male white rats which made hyperuricemia by potassium oxonate. A number of 30 Sprague-Dawley male white rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control group and treatment control group were given 3 mL/200 g body weight (bw) of rat of 0,5% CMC solution, a comparison group who were given 36 mg/200 g bw of rat of allopurinol's suspension, and the three groups of test substance fed soy milk with a dose of 1, 2, 3 in a row 2,25 g, 4,5 g, and 9 g of soybean/200 g bw of rat/day. All groups, except the normal control group, induced by potassium oxonate 50 mg/200 g bw of rat via intraperitonial. Blood sampling was performed on the eighth day 2 hours after induction. Measurement of plasma levels of uric acid was done with the enzymatic colorimetric method performed with a spectrophotometer UV-Vis at 520 nm wavelength. The results showed that soy milk 2,25 g/day can reduce uric acid levels of rats (p < 0,05) with the effectiveness of 25,58%."

"Hiperurisemia merupakan kondisi peningkatan kadar asam urat darah melebihi normal. Alopurinol adalah obat konvensional yang sering digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat, namun memiliki banyak efek samping. Salah satu tanaman yang diduga memiliki efek penurunan kadar asam urat darah adalah rimpang temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlechter). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak etanol 70% rimpang temu kunci terhadap penurunan kadar asam urat darah tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi kalium oksonat. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Sprague-Dawley dengan berat 150-200 gram dibagi secara acak kedalam enam kelompok, yaitu kelompok uji dengan dosis 40, 60, dan 90 mg/200 g bb, alopurinol 36 mg/200 g bb sebagai kelompok pembanding obat, kalium oksonat 50 mg/200 g bb sebagai kontrol induksi, dan larutan CMC 0,5% sebagai kontrol normal. Semua kelompok diberi perlakuan selama delapan hari, kemudian dilakukan induksi kalium oksonat secara intraperitonial, kecuali kelompok normal. Pengambilan darah melalui sinus orbital mata pada dua jam setelah induksi. Pengukuran kadar asam urat plasma dilakukan dengan metode kolorimetrik enzimatik menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 520 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% rimpang temu kunci dosis 40 mg/200 g bb memiliki persentase penurunan kadar asam urat darah terbesar, yaitu 56,84%.

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Hyperuricemia is a condition that shown by uric acid level in blood is higher than normal. Alopurinol is a synthetic drug which is commonly used as an uric acid lowering agent, however it has a lot of adverse effects. Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlechter) is a plant that was estimated has an effect to lower blood uric acid level. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 70% ethanolic extract of fingerroot, observed by decrease of blood uric acid level in male white rats induced by potassium oxonate. Thirty male white rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weight 150-200 grams were randomly divided into six groups: the treatment groups were given doses of 40, 60, and 90 mg/200 g bw, alopurinol 36 mg/200 g bw as a drug comparison group, potassium oxonate 50 mg/200 g bw as an induction control, and 0.5% CMC solution as a normal control. All group were treated for eight days, then given intraperitonial administration of potassium oxonate, except the normal group. Whole blood samples were collected from orbital sinus two hours after induced. Plasma uric acid level was measured using colorimetric-enzymatic method by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 520 nm wavelength. The results showed that 70% ethanolic extract of fingerroot at dose of 40 mg/200 g bw have a highest percentage of lowering plasma uric acid level is 56.84%."

"Asam lemak tak jenuh khususnya MUFA dan PUFA merupakan asam lemak esensial yang sangat penting untuk kesehatan tubuh manusia terutama untuk pencegahan penyakit kronis. Permintaan serta konsumsi MUFA dan PUFA semakin meningkat namun jumlah produksi yang selama ini berasal dari ikan kurang mencukupi untuk memenuhi permintaan tersebut. Saat ini berbagai jenis mikroorganisme telah diteliti sebagai penghasil asam lemak tak jenuh. Salah satu jenis mikroorganisme yang diketahui memiliki kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh adalah Aspergillus terreus. Kondisi kultur seperti konsentrasi glukosa pada medium dan suhu inkubasi merupakan salah satu faktor penting penentu yield lipid dan komposisi asam lemak tak jenuh untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perolehan komposisi MUFA dan PUFA optimum berada pada konsentrasi glukosa 9% (w/w) dan suhu inkubasi 35oC dengan perolehan MUFA sebesar 41,15% serta suhu inkubasi 20oC dengan perolehan PUFA sebesar 23,27%.

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Unsaturated fatty acids which MUFA and PUFA are essential fatty acid which essential to human health especially the prevention of chronic diseases. Demand and consumption of MUFA and PUFA increased, however the amount of production that have been derived from fish were insufficient. Currently various types of microorganisms has been investigated as producer of unsaturated fatty acids. One of the microorganisms that are known contain unsaturated fatty acids is Aspergillus terreus. Culture conditions such as glucose concentration in the medium and incubation temperature are important factors to obtain optimum yield of lipid and unsaturated fatty acids composition. This result showed the optimum composition of MUFA and PUFA obtain at 9% (w/w) glucose concentration and incubation temperature at 35oC with acquisition of 41,15% MUFA and incubation temperature at 20oC with acquisition of 23,27% PUFA."

"The aims of the study were to evaluate by spectrophotometer the in vivo colour changes resulting from the application of an in-office tooth bleaching system containing 28 % H2O2 by light-emitting diode (LED) activation and to determine whether the application of 5 % potassium nitrate 30 min before bleaching decreased tooth sensitivity. Thirty-two individuals were assigned randomly to two groups (n = 16). Group A received 5 % potassium nitrate as a desensitizing agent 30 min before bleaching with 28 % hydrogen peroxide activated by LED. Group B received glycerin as a placebo and the same bleaching protocol was applied. The colour of the right central incisor of each patient was measured visually and by spectrophotometer before bleaching, immediately thereafter, 15 days and 3 months later. Differences in L* a* b* values were tested with a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences in AE values were tested with ANOVA statistical analysis at a 0.05 level of significance. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were detected in L*, as well as in b* values, between initial (I) and post bleaching (PB) and between initial (I) and 3 months post-op. In contrast, there was no significant difference between PB and 3 months post-op. The a* values showed no statistically significant differences among the different time points. Tooth sensitivity decreased significantly when potassium nitrate was applied. In-office bleaching system gave quantitatively stable results over a 3-month period. Tooth sensitivity was reduced significantly, when a desensitizing agent was applied 30 min before treatment, but the efficacy of bleaching decreased."