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"Penerimaan pajak sering dianggap sebagai bentuk alternatif dari pembiayaan berkelanjutan dalam lingkungan fiscal yang stabil dan dapat diprediksi untuk mendorong pertumbuhan dan memungkinkan pemerintah membiayai kebutuhan social dan infastruktur mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penerimaan pajak terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Nigeria dan Ghana. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik regris berganda sebagai alat analisis. Studi ini menemukan dampak positif yang signifikan dari pendapatan pajak pada produk domestic bruto Nigeria dan Ghana yang mengkonfirmasikan studi sebelumnya. Studi tersebut merekombinasikan antara lain bahwa ukura yang memadai untuk memastikan bbahwa pendapatan yang dihasilkan dari pajak dimanfaatkan secara efektif untuk mengembangkan dan menumbuhkan perekonomian."

"The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of human capital in term ofthe share government expenditure on health sector to GDRP on regional economic growth in Indonesia. The method which used to examine the relationship between dependent and independent variables is cross-section OLS regression by regressing data into three parts, which are five years and ten years in order to see the impact of independent variables especially the share of government expenditure on health sector to GDRP on economic growth as a dependent variable at both of short term and long term. Data used on the regression process is from twenty-four provinces in Indonesia There are in- relevances of data in two provinces, Aceh and Maluku. In these provinces, economic growth during period 1994-2003 is much less than other provinces. It can be caused by the conflicts and political situation in those provinces during that period. Therefore, this paper only regresses the data of 24 provinces by omitting Aceh and Maluku. In general, the share of government expenditure on health sector to GDRP is statistically significant in influencing economic growth, except at period 1994-1997 at the first estimation and period 1994- 1999 at the third estimation. It can be caused by economic not conducive in 1997 condition that had been crisis, because of economic crisis."

"Indonesia has been experiencing a rapid economic growth amid global crises in the United. States and the European Union countries. In addition, government expenditures in Indonesiahave also shown an increasing trend in recent years. Using panel data from 33 provinces inIndonesia from 2007 to 2012, this paper describes the current condition of GDP growth andgovernment expenditures, examines the relationship between government expenditure andeconomic growth, and formulates government expenditure policy in order to harmonize GDPgrowth, poverty alleviation, and income inequality. The result indicates that governmentexpenditure for development, such as building roads, hospital, bridges, electricity, and watersupply, has a significant and positive effect on the regional economic growth rate. Not onlycan government expenditures affect economic growth but it also can reduce poverty bystrengthening human capital through better education and health facilities."

"This paper investigates the role of financial technology (FinTech) in propelling economic growth in Indonesia from 1998 to 2018. The FinTech industry employs a technology-based business model to provide financial services, including lending, payment, investment, and financing services. The study is motivated by endogenous growth theory, which seeks to explain technology as the most important driver of economic growth. The study finds that FinTech startups are positively correlated with Indonesia’s economic growth. FinTech firms in their first year are found to be disruptive, but they fail to have serious consequences on Indonesia’s economic growth; however, they seem to significantly encourage economic growth in their second year. These findings are derived after accounting for other important growth determinants, namely, capital per labor, foreign direct investment (FDI), stock market development, and trade openness."

""This graduate level text on economic growth surveys neoclassical and more recent growth theories, stressing their empirical implications and the relation of theory to data and evidence. The authors have undertaken a major revision for the long-awaited second edition of this widely used text, the first modern textbook devoted to growth theory. The book has been expanded in many areas and incorporates the latest research."--BOOK JACKET."

"The capital consists management of saving and investment (as the proxy of savings and loans), FDI, and DDI and is important production factors. The contribution of management of savings and investment are estimated using panel regression and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) and also series regression. The results show that management of savings and investment has significant effect on economic growth with the respective negative and positive effects. Moreover, FDI, DDI, Labor by Sector (SMA), and Population Growth also play a significant role on growth with distinctive coefficient describing respective effects for each variable on growth. Furthermore, sector-specific analysis gives very dynamic effects on growth in the case of Indonesia. In order to identify long-run bidirectional relationship between variables, we employ Granger Causality Test using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). As presented in the result and analysis, no variables performing bidirectional relationship in the long-run."

"Studi ini menganalisis pengaruh dari korupsi dan utang publik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di 43 negara berkembang demokratis pada periode 2002- 2021. Estimasi Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG- ARDL) digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat kointegrasi, yaitu hubungan keseimbangan jangka panjang antar variabel, serta dinamika penyesuaian jangka pendek setiap variabel. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka panjang korupsi berdampak merugikan pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun dalam jangka pendeknya berdampak meningkatkan, 'sesaat'. Sebaliknya, utang publik berpengaruh meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang, sehingga utang publik menjadi instrumen pembiayaan alternatif yang penting bagi pembangunan negara-negara berkembang – yang seringkali mengalami defisit anggaran. Analisis kami juga membandingkan dampak korupsi maupun utang publik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi berdasarkan pengelompokkan negara dengan frekuensi tahun pemilu yang tinggi dan rendah. Menunjukkan hasil, bahwa pada kelompok 18 negara dengan frekuensi tahun pemilu yang tinggi, dampak korupsi lebih merugikan dibandingkan pada kelompok 25 negara dengan frekuensi tahun pemilu rendah. Sedangkan dampak utang publik pada dua kelompok negara tidak dapat dibandingkan karena hasil yang tidak signifikan pada sub-sampel 18 negara

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This study analyzes the influence of corruption and public debt on economic growth in 43 democratic developing countries in the period 2002-2021. Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) estimates are used in this research to look at cointegration, namely the long-term equilibrium relationship between variables, as well as the dynamics of adjustments in the short term for each variable. The results show that in the long term corruption has a detrimental impact on economic growth, but in the short term it has a 'momentary' growth impact. On the other hand, public debt has the effect of increasing economic growth in the long term, so public debt becomes an important alternative financing instrument for the development of developing countries - which often experience budget deficits. Our analysis also compares the impact of corruption and public debt on economic growth based on groupings of countries with high and low frequency of election years. The results show that in the group of 18 countries with a high frequency of election years, the impact of corruption is worse than in the group of 25 countries with a low frequency of election years. Meanwhile, the impact of public debt on the two groups of countries cannot be compared because the results are not significant in the sub-sample of 18 countries."