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"Mencegah proses aterosklerosis dengan membiasakan tidak merokok/stop merokok disertai olahraga teratur dan/atau pengaruh kerja fisik (trias SOK) adalah upaya preventif di masyarakat. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh trias SOK terhadap daya survival, dilakukan penelitian kohort historis pada sampel MONICA 1988 di tiga kecamatan Jakarta Selatan, serta diikuti sampai 31 Agustus 2001. Sampel dibagi menjadi kelompok trias SOK dan tanpa trias SOK. Dilakukan wawancara faktor risiko (merokok, hipertensi, hiperlipidemia, diabetes, obesitas), pemeriksaan fisik, laboratorium dan perekaman EKG. Otopsi verbal untuk mencari sebab kematian. Aktivitas fisik dikelompokkan pada: tidak ada, ringan hampir setiap hari, sedang dan berat minimal 20 menit dua kali atau lebih. Analisis statistik: regresi Cox, Kaplan Meier, Log rank, uji kappa, batas kemaknaan p<0,05. Terdapat 479 (23,4%) sampel dari 2073 orang, umur 25?64 tahun (1988), terdiri dari 209 (43,6%) lelaki, 270 (56,4%) perempuan. Insiden kardiovaskular 1,2% pertahun, proporsi kematian penyakit jantung 42,9%. Daya survival sampel trias SOK lebih baik (95,7%) dibanding tanpa trias SOK (81,1%), (HR 0,20, 95% IK 0,08?0,57, p=0,002]. Aktivitas fisik mempunyai rasio kematian rendah [ringan HR 0,45, IK 0,27?0,76, p=0,003), sedang (HR 0,32, IK 0,15?0,70, p=0,004) dan berat nol] dibanding tidak ada.Rasio kematian merokok tinggi (HR 4.99,KI 2.56?9.73, p=0,000), Dihasilkan Skor Kardiovaskular Jakarta, Skor ?7 sampai 1 risiko rendah (<10%), skor 2 sampai 4 sedang (10?20%), skor ³ 5 risiko tinggi (>20%). Upaya pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular dengan cara tidak/stop merokok, dikombinasikan dengan olahraga teratur dan/atau kerja fisik merupakan cara tepat untuk meningkatkan daya survival. Dihasilkan Skor Kardiovaskular Jakarta untuk memprakirakan kematian kardiovaskular di masyarakat. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 230-41)

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Preventing atherosclerosis with smoking cessation, regular physical exercise and/or physical activity known as SOK (S-top/ no S-moking, sp-O-rt/ physical exercise, wor-K/ physical activity) is a simple preventive measure, which can be applied in the community. To determine the role of SOK on survival, to create cardiovascular risk score for Indonesian patients and to have a special formula to predict survival. A historical cohort study over thirteen years recruited from the subpopulation MONICA patients who resided at three districts of South Jakarta. Patients were divided into two groups, those with SOK and those without (non-SOK group). Assessment included complete history including cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetic, hyperlipidemia, obesity), physical examination, laboratory examination, twelve-lead ECG recording and level of physical activity/exercise. Outcomes included survival rate and all-cause of mortality. Statistical analysis included kappa statistic and various survival analyses. 479 participants were included in the SOK study. Mean age 46 years (range 25-64), 56% female. Cardiovascular mortality rate (including stroke) was 1.2% per year and 42.9% of mortality caused by heart disease. Survival rate was higher in SOK group compared with non-SOK (95.7% vs 81.1%) with Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.2 for SOK group (95% CI 0.08-0.57, p=0.002) In relation to the cardiovascular mortality rate: 1) any physical activity/exercise (OK) vs no-OK will lower the risk; low-OK (HR 0.4, p=0.003), medium-OK (HR 0.32, p=0.004), high-OK (HR 0.000, p=0.000) 2) Smoking will increase the risk vs non-smoking (HR 4.99, p=0,000). For predicting the cardiovascular events in ten-year time (CV10), we formulated the Jakarta Cardiovascular Score. The score was divided into low-risk (-7-1) with CV10 <10%, average-risk (2-4) with CV10 = 10-20%, high-risk (score > 5) with CV10 >20%. Smoking cessation, regular physical exercise and/or physical activity is an effective method to reduce cardiovascular death, thus enhances the survival. We formulated a simple method to predict cardiovascular events in our community known as the Jakarta Cardiovascular Score. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 230-41)"

"Sosiodemografi, Perilaku Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut, dan Aktivitas Fisik: Berbagai Faktor Penyebab Karies.Karies gigi adalah salah satu penyakit umum disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Banyak orang dewasa menderita karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prediktor karies gigi pada orang dewasa. Tiga ratus tiga puluh empat orang dewasa ikut berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Informasi yang dikumpulkan adalah latar belakang sosio- demografis, perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut, tingkat aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh, persentase lemak tubuh, tingkat lemak visceral, dan indeks gigi yang hilang, ditambal, dan diekstraksi (DMFX). Semua protokol standar diamati dan DMFX diperiksa mengikuti kriteria Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO). Prevalensi karies gigi adalah 87,4%, termasuk 61,3% responden perempuan dengan pengalaman karies. Sebagian besar peserta penelitian kelebihan berat badan. Hanya konsumsi makanan tinggi gula (p=0,03) yang dapat dikaitkan dengan karies gigi dan perilaku kesehatan mulut dan gigi. Analisis regresi (p<0,001) menunjukkan bahwa usia yang lebih tua (p<0,001), kunjungan rutin ke klinik gigi per tahun (p=0,012), tingkat pendidikan yang lebih rendah (p=0,025), dan aktivitas fisik yang lebih rendah (p=0,008) merupakan faktor signifikan yang menyebabkan karies gigi pada populasi penelitian ini. Orang dewasa berusia lanjut, rendahnya frekuensi kunjungan ke dokter gigi, kurangnya pendidikan mengenai kesehatan mulut dan gigi, dan aktivitas fisik yang lebih rendah merupakan faktor yang memungkinkan kehadiran karies gigi.

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Dental caries is one of the common diseases which are attributed by many factors. Many from the adult population are afflicted with dental caries. This study aimed to determine the predictors of developing dental caries among adults. Three hundred and thirty four adults participated in this study. Information gathered were their socio-demographic backgrounds, oral health behaviour, physical activity level, body mass index, body fat percentages, visceral fat level, and dental missing filled extracted teeth (DMFX) index. All standard protocols were observed and DMFX was examined using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Prevalence of dental caries was 87.4%, inclusive of 61.3% of female respondents with caries experience. Most of the study participants were overweight. Only consumption of high sugar food (p=0.03) were found between dental caries and oral health behaviours. Regression analysis (p<0.001) showed that older age (p<0.001), regular visits to dental clinic per year (p=0.012), lower education level (p=0.025), and lower physical activity (p=0.008) were significant factors in developing dental caries among in this study population. Older aged adults, frequent appointment with the dentist, lower education in oral health and lower physical activity were possible factors for dental caries presence."

"Dental caries is one of the common diseases which are attributed by many factors. Many from the adult population areafflicted with dental caries. This study aimed to determine the predictors of developing dental caries among adults.Three hundred and thirty four adults participated in this study. Information gathered were their socio-demographicbackgrounds, oral health behaviour, physical activity level, body mass index, body fat percentages, visceral fat level,and dental missing filled extracted teeth (DMFX) index. All standard protocols were observed and DMFX wasexamined using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Prevalence of dental caries was 87.4%, inclusive of61.3% of female respondents with caries experience. Most of the study participants were overweight. Only consumptionof high sugar food (p=0.03) were found between dental caries and oral health behaviours. Regression analysis(p<0.001) showed that older age (p<0.001), regular visits to dental clinic per year (p=0.012), lower education level(p=0.025), and lower physical activity (p=0.008) were significant factors in developing dental caries among in thisstudy population. Older aged adults, frequent appointment with the dentist, lower education in oral health and lowerphysical activity were possible factors for dental caries presence.Sosiodemografi, Perilaku Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut, dan Aktivitas Fisik: Berbagai Faktor Penyebab Karies.Karies gigi adalah salah satu penyakit umum disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Banyak orang dewasa menderita kariesgigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prediktor karies gigi pada orang dewasa. Tiga ratus tiga puluh empatorang dewasa ikut berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Informasi yang dikumpulkan adalah latar belakang sosiodemografis,perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut, tingkat aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh, persentase lemak tubuh,tingkat lemak visceral, dan indeks gigi yang hilang, ditambal, dan diekstraksi (DMFX). Semua protokol standar diamatidan DMFX diperiksa mengikuti kriteria Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO). Prevalensi karies gigi adalah 87,4%,termasuk 61,3% responden perempuan dengan pengalaman karies. Sebagian besar peserta penelitian kelebihan beratbadan. Hanya konsumsi makanan tinggi gula (p=0,03) yang dapat dikaitkan dengan karies gigi dan perilaku kesehatanmulut dan gigi. Analisis regresi (p<0,001) menunjukkan bahwa usia yang lebih tua (p<0,001), kunjungan rutin ke klinikgigi per tahun (p=0,012), tingkat pendidikan yang lebih rendah (p=0,025), dan aktivitas fisik yang lebih rendah(p=0,008) merupakan faktor signifikan yang menyebabkan karies gigi pada populasi penelitian ini. Orang dewasaberusia lanjut, rendahnya frekuensi kunjungan ke dokter gigi, kurangnya pendidikan mengenai kesehatan mulut dangigi, dan aktivitas fisik yang lebih rendah merupakan faktor yang memungkinkan kehadiran karies gigi."

"The book covers areas of cellular physiology and metabolism that are of interest to scientists involved in research in diabetes and metabolic diseases. Some chapters of the book are specifically research-oriented, as all the authors are actively practicing either bench or clinical research in the area. In particular, the book discusses classical aspects of cellular physiology and the metabolism of physical exercise, as well as novel topics like exercise in transplantation and exercise in beta-cell failure, which mark the frontiers of research in sport-related sciences and research. "

"Latar belakang: Tingginya angka kegemukan pada anak di DKI Jakarta dapat menggambarkan angka kebugaran fisik yang rendah pada anak. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik dan asupan energi yang cukup berpengaruh positif terhadap kekuatan genggaman tangan sebagai indikator kebugaran tubuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara aktivitas fisik dan asupan energi dengan kebugaran tubuh pada anak.Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara aktivitas fisik dan asupan energi dengan kebugaran fisik pada anak usia 7-12 tahun di DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2019.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian SEANUTS II Indonesia. Terdapat 67 sampel yang terpilih secara acak. Kekuatan genggaman tangan yang diukur dengan dinamometer telah terbukti akurat untuk menggambarkan kebugaran tubuh manusia. Aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan kuisioer PAQ-C, sedangkan asupan energi diukur menggunakan kuesioner asupan 24 jam. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman dengan batas kemaknaan p<0,05.Hasil: Rata- rata asupan energi adalah 1430,01 ± 539,82 kcal/hari, dan rata-rata skor aktivitas fisik adalah 2,26 ± 0,65. Sedangkan, median kebugaran fisik adalah 10,6 (5-22,7) Kg. Secara statistik tidak ditemukan korelasi yang bermakna, baik antara aktivitas fisik dengan kebugaran fisik (p=0,638 r=-0,07) serta antara asupan energi dengan kebugaran fisik (p=0,572 r=-0,058).Simpulan: Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara aktivitas fisik dan asupan energi dengan kebugaran fisik anak usia 7-12 tahun di DKI Jakarta.

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Background: The high rate of obesity in children in DKI Jakarta can describe the low level of physical fitness in children. Research shows that adequate physical activity and energy intake have a positive effect on handgrip strength as an indicator of body fitness. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between physical activity and energy intake with physical fitness in children.

Aim: To find out the correlation physical activity and energy intake with physical fitness in children aged 7-12 at Jakarta year 2019.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from SEANUTS II research in Indonesia. There are 67 samples selected by random sampling. The use of a dynamometer to measure handgrip strength has been shown to accurately describe the level of physical fitness in the human body. Physical activity was measured using the PAQ-C questionnaire, while energy intake was measured using a 24-hour food recall questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation methods with cut- off p-value <0.05.

Results: The average of energy intake and physical activity score is 1430.01 ± 539.82 kcal/day and 2.26 ± 0.65 respectively. Meanwhile, the median physical fitness was 10.6 (5-22.7) Kg. Statistically, there is no significant correlation between physical activity and physical fitness (p=0.638 r=-0.07), and also between energy intake and physical fitness (p=0.572 r=-0.058).

Conclusion: There is no correlation between physical activity and energy intake with the physical fitness of children aged 7-12 years in DKI Jakarta."