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"Bencana mengancam masyarakat dan perekonomian. Untuk menjaga kesejahteraan mereka, negara-negara memerlukan manajemen bencana yang kuat. Studi ini membandingkan Indonesia dan Zimbabwe, negara-negara yang berbeda secara geografis dan budaya. Meskipun terdapat perbedaan struktur tata kelola (Indonesia-desentralisasi, Zimbabwe-sentralisasi), lembaga ini fokus pada kerangka manajemen bencana. Keduanya memiliki peraturan inti bencana yang sama. Dengan menganalisis sistem ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan berikut; melakukan analisis komparatif terhadap kerangka peraturan dan kelembagaan dalam manajemen bencana dengan mengidentifikasi komponen-komponen utama dan bidang-bidang yang potensial untuk ditingkatkan. Kedua, untuk menilai efektivitas struktur kelembagaan di Indonesia dan Zimbabwe dalam memfasilitasi upaya kesiapsiagaan, respons, dan pemulihan bencana. Ketiga, melakukan analisis komparatif terhadap sistem penanggulangan bencana di Indonesia dan Zimbabwe, dengan menyoroti persamaan dan perbedaan. Terakhir, untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi oleh kedua negara dalam meningkatkan kemampuan manajemen bencana mereka dan menjajaki peluang perbaikan, termasuk pemanfaatan teknologi baru, memperkuat keterlibatan masyarakat, dan membina kerja sama internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan data dari jurnal ilmiah, laporan, dan undang-undang nasional. Studi ini menemukan bahwa kerangka penanggulangan bencana di Indonesia sudah sejalan dengan standar internasional, sementara Zimbabwe masih memerlukan perbaikan. Rekomendasinya mencakup pembaruan kebijakan di Zimbabwe dan investasi dalam pengurangan risiko bencana (sistem peringatan dini, peningkatan infrastruktur) untuk kedua negara. Selain itu, penelitian dan inovasi dalam teknologi dan pendekatan manajemen bencana juga sangat penting. Langkah-langkah ini akan meningkatkan ketahanan dan mengurangi dampak bencana terhadap masyarakat.

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Disasters threaten societies and economies. To safeguard their well-being, nations need strong disaster management. This study compares Indonesia and Zimbabwe, geographically and culturally distinct countries. Despite contrasting governance structures (Indonesia-decentralized, Zimbabwe-centralized), it focuses on their disaster management frameworks. Both share core disaster regulations. By analyzing these systems, the study aims to achieve the following objectives; conduct a comparative analysis of the regulatory and institutional frameworks for disaster management identifying key components and potential areas for improvement. Secondly, to assess the effectiveness of institutional structures in Indonesia and Zimbabwe in facilitating disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Thirdly, to conduct a comparative analysis of the disaster management systems in Indonesia and Zimbabwe, highlighting similarities and differences. Finally, to identify challenges faced by both countries in enhancing their disaster management capabilities and explore opportunities for improvement, including utilizing new technologies, strengthening community engagement, and fostering international cooperation. The research used in-depth interviews and data from scientific journals, reports, and national laws. The study finds that Indonesia's disaster management framework aligns well with international standards, while Zimbabwe's needs improvement. Recommendations include policy updates in Zimbabwe and investment in disaster risk reduction (early warning systems, infrastructure upgrades) for both countries. Additionally, research and innovation in disaster management technologies and approaches are crucial. These measures will enhance resilience and lessen the impact of disasters on communities."

"Studi ini menggunakan data randomized control trial (RCT) dari Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Indonesia untuk mengkaji apakah program PKH memiliki potensi dampak sampingan bagi rumah tangga pertanian untuk membuat strategi penghidupan yang lebih produktif setelah enam tahun diimplementasikan. Menggunakan alokasi kecamatan yang random sebagai variabel instrumental (IV) untuk menangani non-compliance pada data eksperimental, studi ini mengungkapkan dampak sampingan positif dari program PKH pada rumah tangga pertanian untuk mendapatkan mata pencaharian yang lebih produktif di luar pertanian. Di antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol, studi ini menemukan perbedaan hasil sebesar 4,42 poin persentase atau 28 persen secara relatif untuk bekerja di pekerjaan berupah non-pertanian dan sebesar 4,35 poin persentase atau 23 persen secara relatif untuk memasuki perusahaan non-pertanian (NFE). Hasil ini mirip dengan temuan yang ada dalam literatur. Namun, dampak bekerja di pekerjaan berupah non-pertanian hanya signifikan secara statistik bagi pekerja lepas. Efek PKH berdasarkan faktor pendorong menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan kepemilikan tanah memiliki peran penting dalam strategi penghidupan dan rumah tangga pertanian yang dikepalai laki-laki lebih cenderung mengubah/meragamkan mata pencaharian mereka daripada yang dikepalai perempuan. Efek PKH berdasarkan faktor pendorong menjelaskan bahwa bertempat tinggal di kawasan non industri dan jauh dari kabupaten/pasar bukanlah halangan untuk memasuki NFE. Namun, tinggal di kawasan industri dan dekat kabupaten/pasar menjadi disinsentif bagi rumah tangga pertanian miskin untuk masuk NFE. Secara keseluruhan, studi ini memiliki peran dalam implikasi strategi graduasi untuk meningkatkan efektifitas rancangan dan mekanisme program PKH.

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This study uses randomized control trial (RCT) data from the Hopeful Family Program (PKH) in Indonesia to examine whether the PKH program has potential sideways impacts for agricultural households to make more productive livelihood strategies after six years of implementation. Using a random assignment at the subdistricts level as an instrumental variable (IV) to deal with non-compliance experimental data, this study reveals positive sideways impacts of the PKH program on agricultural households for securing more productive livelihood outside agriculture. Among treatment and control group this study finds outcome differences by 4.42 percentage points or 28 percent in relative terms for working in non-farm wage employment and by 4.35 percentage points or 23 percent in relative terms for entering non-farm enterprise (NFE). This result is similar to the existing finding in the literature. However, the impact on working in non-farm wage employment only statistically significant for casual worker. The PKH effects based on push factors indicate that the difference in land ownership has an essential role in the livelihood strategy and male-headed agricultural households are more likely to change/diversify their livelihood activities than female-headed agricultural households. The PKH effects based on push factors explain that residing in nonindustrial areas and far from districts/markets is not an obstacle in entering NFE. However, residing in industrial areas and near districts/markets has become a disincentive for poor agricultural households to enter NFE. This study has a role in the implication of graduation strategy to improve the effectiveness of the PKH program design and mechanism."

"The people in devoloping countries typically live in rural area and work in agricultural sector. In 1992, around 66 % of those people live in rural area and 62% of labor force worked agriculturre, but they contribute only about 17 % of the GNP...."

"One of the most worrying global issues facing agricultural interests today is the rapid conversion of productive agricultural land to non-agricultural uses. Indonesia has enacted the Sustainable Agriculture Land Protection Law (Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan / LP2B) as a crucial section of the Spatial Planning Regulations. Furthermore, the law has been ratified by a number of regional regulations. However, there are still misconceptions about LP2B among stakeholders which can magnify the difficulty of implementing the regulation. Using the historical method, this descriptive paper elaborates difficulties in protecting agricultural land due to misconceptions of stakeholders within the case study in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Misconceptions of stakeholders encompass three aspects: (1) land ownership (2) determination process and (3) implementation of LP2B protection. Difficulties did not automatically cease when the regulations had just enacted, instead, they continue into the application stage and become discourses in various cross-institutional forums. Furthermore, this paper synthesizes the author's own conceptions to rectify the misconceptions based on academic references and relevant statutory arguments. Stakeholders referred to in this paper were bureaucrats in agricultural and other institutions related to LP2B including the Regional Development Planning Agency, and the Ministry of Spatial Planning / National Land Agency. They were represented by officials, bureaucrats, or personnel who together with the author attended various coordination meetings, dissemination, workshops, focus group discussions, and similar forums that discussing LP2B and or other related topics in the period of 2014-2019. Policy implications are discussed."

"This book is grounded in the ideology that an alignment between the conceptual and practical understandings of gender equality is a critical component of sustainable development. It draws on six rural case studies to examine the various ways in which gender has been integrated in agricultural research for development projects."

"Pekerja anak dan partisipasi sekolah dapat berubah melalui pemintaan dan penawaran pekerja saat peningkatan permintaan komoditas. Peningkatan permintaan global terhadap kelapa sawit mendorong perhatian international terkait pekerja anak di sektor kelapa sawit Indonesia. Kami menggunakan estimasi difference-in-difference untuk dua periode waktu data dari SUSENAS di tahun 2002 dan 2010 pada tingkat kabupaten menggunakan peningkatan permintaan secara global dan kecocokan pengolahan lahan kelapa sawit sebagai exogenous treatment. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa peningkatan permintaan kelapa sawit meningkatkan pekerja anak sebesar 1,44% dan mengurangi partisipasi sekolah sebanyak 1.85% di kabupten yang menghasilkan kelapa sawit di atas batas estimasi kesesuaian perhitungan kelapa sawit yang dapat diolah (suitability cultivation) dibandingkan kabupaten yang menghasilkan kelapa sawit di bawah batas tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah Indonesia harus berkomitmen untuk mengurangi tingkat pekerja anak di kabupaten penghasil kelapa sawit dengan meningkatkan pengawasan tenaga kerja secara langsung dan meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas sekolah-sekolah di daerah-daerah penghasil kelapa sawit.

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Child labour and schooling can be changed through the demand and labour supply of a booming commodity. The increased global demand for palm oil put another international attention on the increased child labour incidence in the Indonesia palm oil sector. We estimate difference-in-difference estimation for two period data of SUSENAS in 2002 and 2010 on district level using increasing global demand and suitability cultivation as the exogenous treatments. This paper's findings suggest that the palm oil boom increased child labour by 1.44% and reduced schooling as much as 1.85% on average in the district above the suitability of palm oil cultivation than those below the median. Therefore, the Indonesian government should commit to eradicating child labour incidence in palm oil areas by improving labour control and increasing the number and quality of schools."