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"Rokok adalah komoditas yang memiliki peran penting bagi devisa suatu negara. Rokok di Jepang, memiliki sejarah persebaran yang cukup panjang. Sejarah persebaran rokok di Jepang diawali sejak adanya penggunaan pipa kiseru dengan tembakau koiki hingga masuknya jenis rokok berbentuk sigaret pasca perang dunia II. Rokok mendatangkan keuntungan bagi pemerintah Jepang, namun juga terdapat berbagai macam persoalan yang ditimbulkan akibat budaya merokok di masyarakat Jepang. Di tengah masalah yang terlanjur meluas, Pemerintah Jepang melakukan berbagai upaya pengendalian guna menekan dampak sosial yang negatif disebabkan oleh rokok.

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Cigarettes are commodities that have an important role for a country's foreign exchange. Cigarettes in Japan have a long history of distribution and regulation. The history of the distribution of cigarettes in Japan begins with the use of koiki tobacco with kiseru pipes until the entry of cigarettes in the form of cigarettes in post-World War 2. Cigarettes bring benefits to the Japanese government, but there are also various problems caused by the smoking culture in Japanese society. In the midst of widespread problems, the Japanese Government has carried out various control measures to reduce the negative social impacts caused by smoking."

"ABSTRAKPasarhalal merupakan pasar yang identik dengan konsep Islam. Kebutuhan pasar halal meningkat seiiring dengan pertumbuhan populasi Muslim di dunia. Keadaan ini dimanfaatkan oleh sejumlah negara untuk mendapatkan keuntungan, baik negara mayoritas Muslim maupun negara non-Muslim. Jepang melirik pasar ini merupakan pasar yang strategis. Jumlah wisatawan Muslim yang datang ke Jepang meningkat karena adanya kemudahan yang didapat seperti bebas visa yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Jepang. Pelakubisnis di Jepang juga melakukan inovasi dengan menciptakan produk halal dan menyiapkan fasilitas ramah untuk Muslim. Studiini, membahas tentang relasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan pelaku pasar dalam mengembangkan pasar halal di Jepang, dimana peranan pemerintah begitu sangat penting.

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ABSTRACTHalal market is a market that is identical with Islamic concept. The need for halal market increases along with the growth of the Muslim population in the world. This situation is used by a number of countries to gain profit. Both Muslim majority countries and non Muslim countries. Japan is eyeing this market is a strategic market. The number of Muslim tourists coming to Japan has increased due to the ease of getting such visa free by the Japanese government. Businesses in Japan are also innovating by creating halal products and preparing friendly facilities for Muslims. This study, discusses relations between government and business in developing halal markets in Japan, where the role of government is so important."

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) yang dilakukan Indonesia memiliki gross trade creation terhadap ekspor Tekstil dan Produk Tekstil (TPT) Indonesia, serta menentukan variabel lain yang memengaruhi kinerja ekspor TPT Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan commodity specific gravity model, dengan data panel yang terdiri dari data tahunan dari 2005 hingga 2013, dan 24 negara importir. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa seluruh FTA memiliki gross trade creation yang cukup signifikan terhadap ekspor komoditas TPT Indonesia, khususnya ACFTA dan AKFTA. Sementara itu, variabel PDB Negara Importir, dan Nilai tukar merupakan beberapa faktor utama penentu kinerja ekspor komoditas TPT Indonesia.;This study aims to determine whether the Indonesia?s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have gross trade creation to Indonesia?s Textiles And Textile Products exports, and to determine other variables that affect Indonesian textile exports performance. This study using the commodity specific gravity model, with a panel data from 2005 until 2013, and 24 importer countries. The result shows that all of the FTAs have a significant gross trade creation effect to the export of Indonesian textile commodities, particularly ACFTA and AKFTA. Meanwhile, Importers GDP, and Exchange Rate are some of the determining factor for the exports performance of Indonesia?s textile commodities;This study aims to determine whether the Indonesia?s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have gross trade creation to Indonesia?s Textiles And Textile Products exports, and to determine other variables that affect Indonesian textile exports performance. This study using the commodity specific gravity model, with a panel data from 2005 until 2013, and 24 importer countries. The result shows that all of the FTAs have a significant gross trade creation effect to the export of Indonesian textile commodities, particularly ACFTA and AKFTA. Meanwhile, Importers GDP, and Exchange Rate are some of the determining factor for the exports performance of Indonesia?s textile commodities, This study aims to determine whether the Indonesia’s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have gross trade creation to Indonesia’s Textiles And Textile Products exports, and to determine other variables that affect Indonesian textile exports performance. This study using the commodity specific gravity model, with a panel data from 2005 until 2013, and 24 importer countries. The result shows that all of the FTAs have a significant gross trade creation effect to the export of Indonesian textile commodities, particularly ACFTA and AKFTA. Meanwhile, Importers GDP, and Exchange Rate are some of the determining factor for the exports performance of Indonesia’s textile commodities]"