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"Tesis ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penyatuan ekonomi Eropa (Integrasi Uni Eropa) yang ditandai dengan penyatuan mata uang negara-negara yang tergabung dalam Uni Eropa yaitu Euro. Sejak tanggal 1 Januari 2002. Peredar.m Euro sebagai alat tukar baru menggantikan uang nasional 12 negara anggota UE (Austria, Belgia, Belanda, Finlandia, frlandia, ltalia, Jerman, Luksemburg, Perancis, Portugal, Spanyol, Yunani) berlangsung relatif mulus. Apakab penyatuan mata uang tersebut akan berpengarub terbadap ekspor Indonesia, maka kam.i menganaJisa 6 (euarn) negara EU (Perancis, Jerman, Italia, Belgia Luxemburge, Belanda).Tujuan tesis ini adatah untuk mengkaji ekspor Indonesia terhadap 6 {eanam) Negara Uni Eropa, sejak mulai 1995 hingga tahun 2008 dan mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh GDP 6 {enam) negara Uni Eropa terhadap perkembangan Ekspor Indonesia. Analisis dalam tesis ini menggunakan data sekunder runtun waktu (time series). yang diambil dari data yang telah dipublikasikan oleh BPS dan European Statistic (Eurostat) dan data primer. Hasil yang diperoleh berdasarkan data tersebut dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisis regresllinier berganda dengan metode Fix Effect. Dengan metode ini maka dapat dijelaskan variable-variabe1 yang mempengaruhi ekspor lndonesia, cara meningkatkan ekspor pemerintah, dan seberapa besar.

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This thesis is motivated by the economic unification of Europe is marked by the currency union countries that joined the European Union. Since January 1, 2002. Circulation of the Euro as a new tender to replace the national currency of 12 EU members (Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Germany, Luxembourg, France, Portugal, Spain, Greece) took place relatively smoothly. Is the currency union will affect the exports of Indonesia, then we analyze the 6 (six) EU countries (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium Luxemburg, Netherlands).The purpose of this thesis is to examine exports of Indonesia to 6 (six) European Union member, since the beginning of 1995 until the year 2008 and determine how far the influence of GDP, Exchange Rate (ER) and Single currency implementation of the European Union member on the development of Indonesian exports. The analysis in this thesis uses secondary data time series, derived from data published by BPS and the European Statistics (Eurostat) and the primary data. The results obtained on the basis of these data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis by the method of Fix Effect."

"Krisis euro yang terjadi sejak tahun 2009 mengindikasikan adanya masalah dalam pelaksanaan peraturan European Monetary Union (EMU) dalam kerangka European Union (EU). Sebagai institusi internasional yang dianggap paling berhasil mengatur hubungan interdependensi berdasarkan perspektif liberal institusionalis, EU ternyata tidak dapat mencegah dan memperbaiki pelanggaran tingkat defisit dan tingkat utang yang terjadi di beberapa negara anggota Eurozone, khususnya Yunani, Italia, Irlandia, Portugal, dan Spanyol, sehingga krisis euro dapat terjadi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa EU belum sepenuhnya efektif untuk membentuk kebijakan ekonomi negara-negara anggota Eurozone. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas EU membentuk kebijakan ekonomi negara-negara anggota Eurozone, dengan menggunakan dasar teori efek independen institusi internasional berdasarkan perspektif neoliberal institutionalism dan metode congruence. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa EU tidak efektif dalam membentuk kebijakan ekonomi negara-negara anggota Eurozone pada periode 2002-2012 karena lima alasan berikut: (1) tidak mempunyai kepentingan independen dalam EMU yang merepresentasikan seluruh negara anggota, (2) tidak dapat menghilangkan ketidakjelasan masa depan dalam pelaksanaan EMU, (3) tidak memberikan hasil kesejahteraan ekonomi yang diharapkan dari EMU, (4) tidak dapat memfasilitasi hubungan pengaruh politik dan kapasitas ekonomi yang setara dalam pelaksanaan EMU, dan (5) tidak mempunyai struktur institusi yang independen dan ajeg untuk pelaksanaan EMU.

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The euro crisis that happened since 2009 indicates that there was a problem in executing European Monetary Union (EMU) rules within the European Union (EU) framework. Regarded by liberal institutionalists as the most successful international institution in dealing with interdependence, EU was proven to be ineffective in preventing and correcting excessive deficit and debt of several Eurozone countries, especially Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain. This problem signifies that EU was ineffective in shaping economic policy of Eurozone countries.

This study aims to uncover factors that influence EU effectiveness in shaping economic policy of Eurozone countries by using independent effect of international institution theory based on neoliberal institutionalism, with congruence method.

The results show that EU was ineffective in shaping economic policy of Eurozone countries in 2002-2012 because of the following reasons: (1) EU did not have independent interest that represent all member countries? interests, (2) EU was not able to eliminate future unpredictability in implementing EMU, (3) EU was not able to deliver economic welfare that was expected from EMU, (4) EU was not able to facilitate political and economic equality in implementing EMU, and (5) EU did not have independent and firm structure in implementing EMU."

"In several parts of the world, countries are undergoing economic, social, and political transitions, enhanced and accelerated by the forces of globalization. These transition economies can serve as laboratories for understanding the innovation process. This volume features original theoretical and empirical research. It offers the first comprehensive view of innovation system development in the context of small catching-up economies. Smallness, path dependency, and latecomer status of such economies create some inherent limitations for their innovation systems, but these special characteristic. "

"[ABSTRAK Setelah bergabung dengan UE, ekonomi negara-negara Visegrad semakin terbuka dan mengalami peningkatanPDB. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kebijakan liberalisasi perdagangan, yang telah diterapkan sejak negara-negaraVisegrad masih dalam tahap persiapan keanggotaan UE. Kebijakan liberalisasi perdagangan yang diterapkanberupa peningkatan kuota, penghapusan bea, dan kemudahan dalam regulasi pada barang impor. Di pihak lain,UE juga memperoleh keuntungan dengan bergabungnya negara-negara Visegrad karena pangsa pasar UEsemakin luas.ABSTRACT Having joined the Euopean Union, the economy of the Visegrad countries become more open and get the

increase of the GDP. This is due to the trade liberalization policy, which has been applied since the Visegrad

countries were still in the preparation stage of the EU membership. The trade liberalization policy that was

implemented is in the form of the quota increase, the elimination of the duties, and the ease in the regulations on

the imported goods. On the other hand, the EU also get the benefit by joining the Visegrad countries because the

EU?s market share more expand;Having joined the Euopean Union, the economy of the Visegrad countries become more open and get the

increase of the GDP. This is due to the trade liberalization policy, which has been applied since the Visegrad

countries were still in the preparation stage of the EU membership. The trade liberalization policy that was

implemented is in the form of the quota increase, the elimination of the duties, and the ease in the regulations on

the imported goods. On the other hand, the EU also get the benefit by joining the Visegrad countries because the

EU?s market share more expand, Having joined the Euopean Union, the economy of the Visegrad countries become more open and get the

increase of the GDP. This is due to the trade liberalization policy, which has been applied since the Visegrad

countries were still in the preparation stage of the EU membership. The trade liberalization policy that was

implemented is in the form of the quota increase, the elimination of the duties, and the ease in the regulations on

the imported goods. On the other hand, the EU also get the benefit by joining the Visegrad countries because the

EU’s market share more expand]"