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"The relation between logic and knowledge has been at the heart of a lively debate since the 1960s. On the one hand, the epistemic approaches based their formal arguments in the mathematics of Brouwer and intuitionistic logic. Following Michael Dummett, they started to call themselves `antirealists'. Others persisted with the formal background of the Frege-Tarski tradition, where Cantorian set theory is linked via model theory to classical logic. Jaakko Hintikka tried to unify both traditions by means of what is now known as `explicit epistemic logic'. The editors of the present volume believe that in the age of Alternative Logics, where manifold developments in logic happen at a breathtaking pace, this debate should be revisited. Contributors to this volume happily took on this challenge and responded with new approaches to the debate from both the explicit and the implicit epistemic point of view."

"What is CMS for and what might its future be- both inside the domain of academia and outside it? It's a question that has beguiled and frustrated academics within and outside its community. At the hear of CMS is an enduring skepticism concerning the social and ecological sustainability of prevailing ideas and forms of management and organization. Using ideas from feminist and queer theory, authors of this volume aim to generate some thinking and possibly a nascent agenda. It focuses on the future of CMS but also intertwines it with ideas as to how scholarly communities can engage in working lives differently."

"Penelitian ini membahas dua persoalan dalam manajemen kontemporer. Pertama, penerapan realisme kritis terhadap cara kita memandang realitas organisasi. Kedua, menyelidiki bagaimana pendekatan positivisme dalam pemodelan matematika dan statistik dapat menyederhanakan isu-isu kompleks dalam penelitian manajemen. Hingga saat ini, manajemen masih dipertanyakan sebagai ilmu, sementara yang lain, menganggapnya sebagai seni. Realisme kritis menawarkan pendekatan alternatif teoritis yang memungkinkan adanya ilmu dalam ilmu sosial, khususnya manajemen melalui dimensi transitif dan intransitif. Dengan menerapkan realisme kritis, implikasinya, memungkinkan peneliti untuk memfokuskan pada konteks di mana studi organisasional dipelajari dan memungkinkan perubahan preskriptif dalam suatu penelitian. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa; pertama, pendekatan positivisme dengan pemodelan matematis dan statistik merupakan pendekatan dominan dalam penelitian manajemen. Kedua, pendekatan positivisme memiliki keterbatasan atau masalah ‘prediktabilitas’, karena melakukan peramalan dalam penelitian sosial, konsekuensinya melakukan ‘closed system’, padahal, melakukan generalisasi-universal dari partikularitas tidak dapat dilakukan pada observasi yang terbatas. Peneliti tidak dapat melalukan konjungsi konstan di antara peristiwa ‘yang sosial’ (aktivitas manusia), karena observasi dan eksperimen ‘sosial’, bagi Bhaskar, adalah manipulasi ilmiah. Konsekuensinya, kompleksitas isu-isu manajemen tereduksi, dan mempengaruhi pemahaman kita tentang manajemen sebagai ilmu secara keseluruhan.

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This research explores two pivotal issues in contemporary management. Firstly, it examines the application of critical realism in conceptualizing organizational reality. Secondly, the study investigates the role of a positivist approach in simplifying complex management issues through mathematical and statistical modeling. Management, to date, oscillates between being perceived as a science and an art. Critical realism proposes an alternative theoretical framework, facilitating a scientific approach within social sciences, particularly in management. This is achieved through the integration of transitive and intransitive dimensions. The application of critical realism allows researchers to concentrate on the specific contexts of organizational studies, enabling prescriptive changes. The findings of this research are twofold. First, it identifies the dominance of a positivist approach with mathematical and statistical modeling in management research. Second, it highlights the limitations and predictability challenges inherent in positivism. This approach leads to a 'closed system' in social research, where generalizing universally from specific observations is problematic due to limited empirical evidence. According to Bhaskar, the inability to consistently link social events (human activities) arises from the nature of social observation and experimentation as a form of scientific manipulation. Consequently, this reductionist approach simplifies the complexity of management issues, impacting the understanding of management as a scientific discipline."

"ABSTRACTThis educational practice report discusses the content and learning outcomes of a debate course focussing on current affairs for second year undergraduate English majors at Osaka University. A profile of the learners is presented, after which the course structure and regular class procedures are outlined. This is followed by an analysis of how participation in debates and accompanying activities may help learners to improve their linguistic competence in English, drawing upon concepts from interactionist second language acquisition (SLA) theory. The final section of the paper examines the complex concept of critical thinking and then considers the ways in which participation in debate activities may help learners to develop and consolidate the cognitive skills and approaches associated with this notion."