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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh otonomi perempuan (economic decision making, freedom from threat, dan health care autonomy) terhadap kejadian diare pada balita di Indonesia menggunakan data SDKI 2017. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi logistik biner dan Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Hasil analisis regresi logistik biner menunjukan bahwa economic decision making, freedom from threat, dan health care autonomy signifikan secara statistik menurunkan peluang terjadinya diare pada balita dengan odds ratio masing-masing sebesar 0,887, 0,761, dan 0,874. Variabel bebas lainnya yang memiliki hubungan signifikan secara statistik terhadap diare pada balita yaitu umur ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, umur anak, durasi menyusu anak, klasifikasi wilayah tempat tinggal, sumber air minum rumah tangga, dan fasilitas sanitasi rumah tangga. Hasil tersebut diperkuat dengan hasil PSM yang menyatakan bahwa balita yang memiliki ibu dengan economic decision making, freedom from threat, dan health care autonomy memiliki resiko terkena diare lebih rendah masing-masing sebesar 1,71%, 3,36%, dan 1,9%. Oleh karena itu penting bagi pemangku kebijakan untuk terus meningkatkan otonomi perempuan, khususnya meningkatkan kebebasan perempuan dari ancaman dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga serta meningkatkan kemampuan perempuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam pembuatan keputusan perawatan kesehatan dan ekonomi sebagai upaya menekan prevalensi diare pada balita.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of women's autonomy (economic decision making, freedom from threat, and health care autonomy ) on childhood diarrhea in Indonesia using the 2017 IDHS data. Analytical method used in this study are binary logistic regression and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The results of the binary logistic regression showed that economic decision making, freedom from threat, and health care autonomy were statistically significant in reducing the chances of childhood diarrhea with odds ratios of 0.887, 0.761, and 0.874, respectively. Other independent variables that have a statistically significant relationship to the incidence of childhood diarrhea are maternal age, mother's education level, child's age, duration of breastfeeding, classification of residential area, household drinking water sources, and household sanitation facilities. These results are reinforced by PMS’s results which states that children who have mothers with economic decision making, freedom from threat, and health care autonomy have a lower risk of diarrhea by 1.71%, 3.36%, and 1.9, respectively. Therefore, it is important for policy makers to keep improving women’s autonomy especially in women's freedom from threat and domestic violence and improving women's participation in health care and economic decision making in case to reduce the chances of childhood diarrhea."

"Ada anggapan umum dalam literatur dan diantara pembuat kebijakan bahwa remitansi migran memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumahtangga migran di daerah asal. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai remitansi baik internasional maupun internal di Indonesia yang dilakukan untuk memberikan kontribusi dalam menilai dampak dari remitansi pada kesejahteraan rumahtangga. Dengan menggunakan data longitudinal dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2000 sampai dengan tahun 2007 yaitu pada gelombang 3 dan 4, penelitian ini akan mengamati pengaruh dari perkembangan pendapatan remitansi pada investasi aset rumahtangga sebagai ukuran kesejahteraan antara penerima dan non-penerima. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode propensity score matching (PSM)untuk mengukur dampak pendapatan dari remitansi pada aset rumahtangga dan membandingkannya dengan rumahtangga non-remitansi. Ditemukan bahwa rumahtangga penerima remitansi secara signifikan memiliki tingkat kesejahteraan lebih tinggi sebesar 29,1% pada tahun 2000 dan 22,2% pada tahun 2007 ketika dibandingkan dengan rumahtangga nonpenerima remitansi.

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There is a common assumption in the literature and among policy makers that migrant remittances have an important role in improving the welfare of migrant households in the regions of origin. This study observe the international and internal remittances in Indonesia are being made to contribute in assessing the impact of remittances on household welfare. Using longitudinal data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) during 2000 until 2007 on wave 3 and 4, the study will observe at the impact of the development of remittance income on the household accumulated asset as a measure of well-being between recipients and non-recipients.

This research using propensity score matching (PSM) method to measure the revenue impact of remittances on household assets and comparing it to non-remittance households. It was found that remittance recipient households had significantly higher levels of welfare by 29.1% in 2000 and 22.2% in 2007 when compared to non-recipient households remittances."

"Desentralisasi fiskal menyebabkan peningkatan transfer dana dari pemerintah pusat ke pemerintah daerah. Adanya desentralisasi fiskal menyebabkan peningkatan belanja daerah di Indonesia, salah satunya pada bidang kesehatan. Peningkatan belanja kesehatan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan status kesehatan, yang digambarkan oleh angka kematian bayi. Dengan menggunakan data tingkat provinsi dari tahun 2002-2012 dan menggunakan metode data panel, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa belanja kesehatan pemerintah daerah provinsi dan kabupaten/kota berpengaruh negatif terhadap angka kematian bayi. Selain itu rasio tenaga kesehatan per infrastruktur layanan kesehatan juga berpengaruh negatif terhadap angka kematian bayi.

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Fiscal decentralization increases cash transfer from central to local government. It also increases local government spending, which include health spending. An increases in health spending is expected to improves health status, which indicated by infant mortality rate. Using state data from 2002-2012 and using panel data estimation, this research find that municipal and state level health spending has negative impact towards infant mortality rate. In addition, number of health worker over health infrastructure also has negative impact towards infant mortality rate."

"Periode balita adalah fase rentan terhadap risiko kesehatan yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan anak serta menyebabkan kematian. Diare menjadi perhatian utama dalam kesehatan balita karena menjadi penyebab utama kematian dan penyakit pada kelompok usia tersebut, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Berdasarkan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012 dan 2017, prevalensi diare pada balita di Indonesia cenderung stagnan, hanya mengalami sedikit penurunan dari 14,3% pada tahun 2012 menjadi 14,1% pada tahun 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh antara sumber air minum dan sanitasi rumah tangga terhadap kejadian diare pada balita di Indonesia dengan menggunakan analisis propensity score matching berdasarkan data SDKI 2017. Penelitian bersifat kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain studi observasional.  Populasi penelitian ini yaitu seluruh anak di bawah usia lima tahun (0-59 bulan) yang tercatat dalam data SDKI 2017. Hasil analisis propensity score matching menemukan bahwa efek rata-rata dari layanan air minum yang tidak layak menunjukan hasil yang tidak signifikan terhadap peningkatan kejadian diare pada balita berdasarkan nilai statistic t yang dihasilkan dengan nilai efek peningkatan risiko sebesar 2,0%. Sementara itu, efek rata-rata dari layanan sanitasi yang tidak layak memenuhi nilai asumsi yang signifikan berdasarkan nilai t yang dihasilkan terhadap peningkatan kejadian diare pada balita dengan nilai efek peningkatan risiko sebesar 3,8%. Perbandingan hasil analisis propensity score matching dan analisis regresi logistik biner menunjukkan sedikit perbedaan pada nilai odds ratio yang dihasilkan, namun tidak terlihat signifikan. Temuan ini menunjukan masih diperlukan penanganan terhadap kejadian diare pada balita. Diperlukan upaya dalam penerapan program edukasi yang berfokus pada pencegahan diare untuk mengurangi kejadian diare pada balita terkait sanitasi jamban. Selain itu, diperlukan pengembangan infrastruktur dan peningkatan ketersediaan fasilitas sumber air minum dan sanitasi agar akses fasilitas dapat tercapai merata di seluruh wilayah Indonesia.

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The under-five period is a phase vulnerable to health risks that can stunt a child's growth and cause death. Diarrhea is a major concern in the health of children under five as it is the leading cause of death and illness in this age group, especially in developing countries. Based on data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2012 and 2017, the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five in Indonesia tends to stagnate, only experiencing a slight decrease from 14.3% in 2012 to 14.1% in 2017. This study aims to examine the effect of drinking water sources and household sanitation on the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old in Indonesia using propensity score matching analysis based on the 2017 IDHS data. The research was quantitative in nature using an observational study design.  The population of this study was all children under the age of five (0 - 59 months) recorded in the 2017 IDHS data.  The results of the propensity score matching analysis found that the average effect of unimproved drinking water services showed insignificant results on increasing the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years of age based on the t-statistic value generated with an increased risk effect value of 2.0%. Meanwhile, the average effect of unimproved sanitation services meets the significant assumption value based on the resulting t value on the increase in the incidence of diarrhea in children under five with an increased risk effect value of 3.8%. Comparison of the results of propensity score matching analysis and binary logistic regression analysis showed a slight difference in the resulting odds ratio values, but did not appear significant. These findings indicate the handling of the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. Efforts are needed to implement educational programs that focus on diarrhea prevention to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years of age related to latrine sanitation. In addition, it is necessary to develop infrastructure and increase the availability of water supply and sanitation facilities so that access to facilities can be achieved evenly throughout Indonesia."

"Pemerintah mengesahkan Undang-Undang No. 33 tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal (UUJPH) sebagai aturan mandatory halal dengan harapan dapat terwujudnya perlindungan untuk konsumen muslim dan untuk memberikan nilai tambah bagi pelaku UMK. Namun hingga tahun 2019, hanya sebesar 1% UMK yang sudah bersertifikat halal (MUI, 2021) sehingga untuk dapat melihat dampak dari sertifikat halal terhadap kinerja, peneliti membandingkan antara kinerja UMK yang bersertifikat halal dengan UMK yang belum bersertifikat halal menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Metode PSM dapat menyeimbangkan atau menyamakan kelompok subjek penelitian dengan metode matching. Dengan metode ini kelompok treatmen dipasangkan dengan kelompok nontreatmen berdasarkan kovariat yang diamati. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengurangi bias dalam estimasi efek perlakuan pada data yang bersifat observasi karena adanya faktor confounding. Propensity Score merupakan probabilitas bersyarat mendapatkan perlakuan tertentu berdasarkan kovariat yang diamati. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa ada perbedaan kinerja antara UMK yang bersertifikat halal dengan UMK yang tidak bersertifikat halal namun pengaruh dari sertifikat halal tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja UMK.

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The government passed Undang Undang No. 33, 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee (UUJPH) as a mandatory halal regulation in the hope of realizing protection for Muslim consumers and to provide added value for MSEs. However, until 2019, only 1% of MSEs have been certified halal (MUI, 2021) so to be able to see the impact of halal certificates on performance, researchers compare the performance of MSEs that are halal certified and MSEs that have not been certified halal using a quantitative research design with the method Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The PSM method can balance or equalize groups of research subjects with the matching method. With this method the treatment group is paired with the non-treated group based on the observed covariates. This method is used to reduce bias in the estimation of treatment effects on observational data due to confounding factors. Propensity Score is a conditional probability of getting a certain treatment based on the observed covariates. The results of the study stated that there was a difference in performance between MSEs that were halal-certified and MSEs that were not halal-certified, but the effect of the halal certificate was not significant on the performance of MSEs."

"There are much research in health sector this time. Some research have goal to asses exposure effect to outcome. Researcher often use regresssion. Regression is a convensional multivariate analysis. Conventional multivariable analyses may not always be the ideal method for estimating treatment effects in observational studies. When there are large differences in the distribution of covariates between treatment groups, adjusting for these differences with conventional multivariable techniques may not adequately balance the groups, and the remaining bias may limit valid causal inference. Adjusted use in the end of regression analysis, some of scientis believe that adjustment can be show. Goal of this research is to compare the result of convensional multiariate analysis versus propensity score matching analysis in case study of infant immunizanon using Data ASUI-I KAP2 2003. The comparison will use the same model, that make model according logistic regression. Model which be compare is model without interaction ariabel. Modell will be analised with propensity score matching. Result of research is there is different betwen Odds Ratio from logistic regwession analysis and Odds Ratio from propensity score matching analysis. The value OR from logistic regression is 0,9898, and the value OR from propensity score matching is 0,9656. Propensity score matching succes make matching 574 sample or 68,27%. The differen is not big bacause effect the confounder are not big. For look effect exposure ar risk factor model its better use PSM because it can reduce selection bias.if you want to analysis determinan factor model, where there are much independent vaiiabel its better use logistic regression analysis because the variabel have same position."

"Sudah lebih 25 tahun, sejak pertama ditemukan lahun 1981, berbagai bangsa di dunia berupaya untuk menanggulangi HIV/AIDS, tetapi penyakit ini terus berkembang dengan peningkatan yang cepat dan mengkhawatirkan. Estimosi jumlah penderita HIV/AIDS di seluruh dunia pada tahun 1990 adalah 7,8 juta dan pada akhir Desember 2007 sudah mencapai 33,2 juta, dimana 90% berasal dari negara berkembang (WI-IO&UNAIDS, 2007). Perkembangan epidemi HIV/AIDS di Indonesia termasuk dalam kelompok tercepat di Asia, fase epidemiknya telah berubah dari “low” menjadi “concentrated” . Sampai akhir September 2007 ,secara kumulatif jumlah pengidap infeksi HIV adalah 5904 dan kasus AIDS adalah 10384, yang tersebar di 33 provinsi. Rate kumulatif kasus AIDS Nasional sebesar 4,57 mf 1oo.ooo pcnduduk (1:>n.Jen PPM&PL, 2007). Papua mempunyai proporsi kasus AIDS tertinggi dibandingkan dengan provinsi Iainnya di Indonesia dan penularannya telah merambah ke masyarakat umum dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi yaitu lebih I persen. Bila dibandingkan dengan populasi penduduk maka cafe rare kasus/jumlah penduduk x 100.000) dl Papua adalah 60,93 per 100.000 penduduk dan merupakan 15,39 kali Iebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rate nasional (3,96). Penularan HIV di Papua 90 persen disebabkan Oleh hubungan heteroseksual (BPS & Depkes RI, 2007). Tigginya penyebaran HIV/AIDS di Papua dikarenakan rendahnya penggunaan kondom pada kelompok risiko tinggi, rendahnya pengetahuan dan minimnya informasi tentano HIV/AIDS. Informasi mengenai hubungan antara ringkat keterpapamn infonnasi HIV/AIDS dengan perilaku kelompok risiko Linggi, seperti peianggan WPS dalam penggunaan kondom scks komemial sangat berguna sebagai masukan bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk membuat program penoegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit HIV/AIDS yang iebih efektif dan efisien, khususnya di Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan tingkat ketcrpaparm informasi HIV/AIDS dengan perilaku penggunaan kondom pada pelanggan WPS di Papua seteiah dipadankan oleh variabel umur, status perkawinan, tingkat pcndidikan, tingkat pengetahuan dan riwayat mengalami gejala IMS yang berpcmn sebagai confounder, dcngan menggunakan modelling Propensity Score Matching_ Penelitian ini menggunakan data sckunder Survei Surveilans Perilaku HIV/AIDS 2004/2005 dari PZMPL Depkes Rl dan desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah tukang ojek dan tukang bongkar muat pelabuhan di Papua, yang selanjutnya disebut dengan pelanggan WPS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden yang konsisten menggunakan kondom saat berhubungan scks dmngan WPS muih sangat rendah (|9?l4%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan variabel umur (p=0,650), status perkawinan (p=0,403) tidal: berhubungan dengan perilaku penggunaan kondom pada pelanggan WPS, sodangkan variabel tingkat pcndidikan (p=0,000l), tingkat pengetahuan (p=0,000),dan riwayat mengalami gejala IMS (p=0,000) menunjukkan hubungan yang sigtifikan dengan periiaku penggunann kondom pada pelanggan WPS. Pada analisis mukivasiat modelling Propensiry Score Marching baik dengan nearest neighbor maupun caliper, variabel umur dan status perkawinan hams dikeluarkan dari model, karena reduksi biasnya lebih rendah sebelum dipadankan daripada setelah dipada-nkan. Hmil akhir analisis PSM pada model fit didapatkan nilai yang sama antara kedua algoritma baik nilai OR maupun nilai T-stat. 'Nilai odds ratio (OKI adalah 2,3 (95%Cl=I,2-4,5), ini artinya pelanggan WPS yang Hngkat ketcrpaparan infonnasi HIV/AIDS cukup memiliki peluang 2,3 kali untuk menggtmakan kondom sccara konsisten dibandingkan dengan yang tingkat kCl¢l'P8P&l'|-ll infonnasi HIV/AIDS kurang dan nilai T-stat didapat 0,85(p>0,05), artinya tidak ada hubungan yang bcnnaknu antara tingkat keterpaparan infomaasi HIV/AIDS dengan perilaku penggunaan kondom pads pelanggan WPS di Papua. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka disarankan kepada pengelola program HIV/AIDS baik di pnsat maupun daemh agar lebih meningkatkan intensitas dan kedalaman informui HIV/AIDS terutama bagi kelompok nusyanakat yang mempunyai risiko tinggi terhadap penyakit HIV/AIDS, meningkatkan pemn tenaga kesehatan dan membangun kcmitraan dengan tokoh agama, tokoh adat/masyamkat, LSM, dunia usahalswasta dan Iembaga pendiclikan formal untuk kepentinan penyeharan informasi yang akurat dan benar tcntang HIV/AIDS, melibatkan pakar komunikasi dan mendorong perusahaan komunikasifmedia lebih berperan dulam upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan HIV/AIDS dan sosialisasi kondom, pemberdayaan kelompok risiko tinggi(pecr group) dalam pcnyebaran infomuui HIV/AIDS dan menetapkan pttraturan daerah penggunaan kondom 100%.

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It has been more than 25 years, since the first time the HIV/AIDS we found in 1981, there are many different programs have been developtxl by countries around the world in attempt to control the growth and spreading of HIV/AIDS. But unfortunately, the uncontrolable growth of this disease has attracted more serious attentions. The estimated number of sufferes litom the disease has increased dramatically from about 7,8 million people in 1990 to approximately 33,2 million sufferes in late December 2007. There was 90% of the total sufferers fiom developing countriw (WHO&UNAlDS, 2007). The growth of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in indonesia has been recorded as the fastest among Asian countries. It has progressed fiom “low” to “eoncentrated". Untill late September 2007, the total number of people infected by HIV cumulativcly reached 5904 and the number of AIDS cases was l0384, that found within 33 provinces of Indoneia. The national cumulative rate of the AiDS cases in Indonesia was 4,57 per 100.000 people (Dit.Jcr1 PPM&PL, 2007).

The highest proportion of the I-HV/AIDS found in Indonesia is in Papua where the spread of the infectious disease has reached its most eomunities with the prevallance of the cases is more than l%. If this value is being compared with its population of the province in general, the case rate will be 60,93 per l00.000 peoples. This rate is 15,39 times higher than the national rate which is only 3,96.

The most common cause of the spreading process of the disease in Papua is through heterosexual behaviours which is up to 90 percent (BPS & Depkes RI, 2007). The increased number of HIV/AIDS in Papua is also led by the usage of condom at high risk group still low, a lack of infomation and education about HIV/AIDS.

The information about relationship between infomation exposed about HIV/AIDS with behavior in condom use among the consumer of FSW is necessary to be considered by public health policy makers as 2 sugestion to prevent and control ilu: growth ofHlV/AIDS effectively and effecient in Papua. This research is aimed to identify the relationship between the infomation exposed about HIV/AIDS with behavior in condom use among the consumer of FSW in Papua by focussing on ages, marital status, educational level, infomation level and the story of suffering from Sexual Transmited Infection symptoms which act as corrfounder, and using Pmpensity Score Marching Analysis. This research uses secondary data of Behavioral Surveillance Survey(BSS) of HIV/AIDS in 2004/2005 from P2MPL, Health Department of indonesia and the design of this research is cross sectional. The samples used in this research are the consumers of FSW. They are tukang ojelc (motorcycle taxi drivers) and tukang bongkar muat pelabuhan (workers loading goods in Papua’s harbour. Further they will be mentioned as the FSW consumers.

The results of this research show that the number of respondents who are consistent to use condoms in conducting their sexual intercourses with FSW is still remaining low (l9,l4%). By bivariate analysis, the result shows that the variable age (p=0,650), marital status (p=0,403) have not significantly with the consumer of FSW behavlor’s in condom use. Meanwhile, the variable educational level (p=0,000l). knowledge level (p=0,000), and the history of suffering from IMS symptoms (p=0,000) have showed the significant relation with the behaviours of using condoms among FSW consumers.

The multivariate analysis with Propensiry Score Marching, either nearest neighbor or caliper show that varlabel age and marital status have to be excluded hom the model because the reductive bias before matching process is lower than after the match. The final result of the analysis of PSM on a fit model is found the same value for both algoritma either OR value or T-stat value. The value of odds rario (OR) is 2,3 (95%Cl=l,2-4,5). This means that the FSW consumers with adequate exposed information of HIV/AIDS have 2,3 times of possibilities to use condoms consistently compared with the other ones, who do not have enough exposed infonnation of HIV/AIDS, and T-stat value is 0,85(p>0,05) which means the relationship between the level of exposed infomation of HIV/AIS and the behavior of condom use among FSW consumers in Papua have not significant.

Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the managers of the HIV/AIDS programs either in the centre or in district areas to improve the intensity and the depth of relevant infomation of HIV/AIDS for high risk community groups, to develop the roles of health workers, and to build a good relationships and supports with religionists, traditional/ cultural values, NGO‘s, local businesses and formal educational institutions in order to be able to spread and share accurate, adequate and proper information about HIVIAIDS. It is also suggested to involve communication experts and encourage companies and electronic medias of communication to be more active in anticipation and controling the spreads of HIV/AIDS and the socialisation of using condoms, empowering the high risk groups (peer group) to take in part of HIV/AIDS infomation spreading, and the local policy makers are suggested to make l00% condom policy."

"PURPOSE: Laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) has become a standard operative procedure for GERD-related diseases in Japan, although meta-analyses have mainly evaluated findings from Western countries. The propensity score matching method was used to compare and investigate the treatment outcomes of two fundoplication procedures (the Nissen and Toupet methods).METHODS: Among 474 patients who underwent initial LF from December 1994 to April 2016, we extracted 401 cases (Nissen: 92 cases, Toupet: 309 cases), excluding 73 patients in whom follow-up was insufficient. We then matched 126 of these patients (63 per group).RESULTS: The esophageal acid reflux time (%) was 12.2:2.8, being higher in the Nissen group than in the Toupet group (p < 0.001). Regarding the surgical outcome, the amount of bleeding was higher in the Nissen group (p = 0.001), and the number of hospitalization days following surgery was longer (p = 0.003). Furthermore, a significantly rate of postoperative difficulty in swallowing (%) was observed in the Nissen group, at 13:0 (p = 0.004). The recurrence rate (%) was 8:3, with no difference between the two groups (p = 0.243).CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no marked difference in the recurrence rate between the two procedures, postoperative dysphagia was observed at a higher frequency with the Nissen method than the Toupet method."

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Riwayat merokok pada calon pengantin merupakan hal penting yang perlu dikaji dalam masa prakonsepsi untuk mendapatkan kehamilan dan keturunan yg sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi gambaran riwayat merokok pada calon pengantin. Penelitian deskriptif ini melibatkan 361 responden yang ditentukan dengan teknik convenience sampling. Riwayat merokok dinilai dengan kuesioner Global Adults Tobbaco Survey (GATS) tahun 2014 dan telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 53,5% perokok pasif, 37,4% perokok aktif dan 9,1% mantan perokok. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi data dan masukan bagi pengembangan pelayanan Program Calon Pengantin khususnya di DKI Jakarta untuk mengkaji riwayat/ perilaku merokok sebagai bagian dalam pemeriksaan kesehatan dan konseling calon pengantin.

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Smoking history of the prospective bride and groom is one of the important things to be assessed during preconception order to get a healthy pregnancy and generation. This study aimed to identify the history of smoking among the prospective bride and groom. This descriptive study involved 361 respondents who were selected through convenience sampling technique. The data regarding to smoking history was collected with the Global Adults Tobbaco Survey (GATS) questionnaire 2014. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis. The results found there were 53.5% of passive smokers, 37.4% of active smokers, and 9.1% of former smokers among the respondents. The results of this study can become a basis data for the development of the Prospective Bride and Groom Health Intervention, especially in DKI Jakarta, to analyze the history of smoking as well as its behavior as part of the health examination and counseling for prospects in general.

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"ABSTRAKPrevalensi diabetes mellitus terus meningkat karena perubahan gaya hidup di masyarakat perkotaan. Prevalensi DM juga meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan usia. Oleh karena itu, perawat perlu memberikan intervensi dalam pengaturan makanan untuk lansia dengan DM. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan keefektifan pelaksanaan intervensi keperawatan pengaturan makanan pada Nenek S di Keluarga Bapak D dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan keluarga selama 7 minggu untuk menstabilkan kadar glukosa darah. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah terjadi kestabilan glukosa darah pada Nenek S dari 226 mg/dL menjadi 172 mg/dL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa pengaturan makanan DM dalam keluarga efektif dalam menjaga kestabilan gula darah. Perawat komunitas sangatlah penting untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan keluarga dengan DM agar glukosa darah dapat terkontrol.

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ABSTRAKThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase due to lifestyle changes in urban communities. Diabetes also increased with increasing age. Therefore, nurses needed to provide intervention like food regulation for elderly with DM. This Paper aimed to illustrate the implementation of nursing interventions especially the food arrangements on Grandma S in Family Mr. D based on family nursing care for 7 weeks. The intervention had purposed to stabilize blood glucose levels. The results showed stability of blood glucose in Grandma S from 226 mg/dL to 172 mg/dL. Based on these results, it could be concluded that that the dietary management on eldery with DM in the family was effective to stabilize blood glucose level. Public health nurses had to provide family nursing care so blood glucose level can be controlled.;"