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ABSTRAKTingkat kemacetan jalan di kota besar cenderung meningkat dari tahun ke tahun.
Kemacetan jalan tersebut menyebabkan model distribusi barang dengan satu
Distribution Center (DC) untuk melayani semua titik pengiriman dalam satu kota besar
belum tentu menjamin ketersediaan barang. Fluktuasi permintaan dan batasan waktu
penerimaan di titik pengiriman menjadi hal yang harus diperhitungkan dalam
menentukan kombinasi rute yang paling efisien. Penambahan sub-DC untuk melayani
beberapa titik pengiriman bisa merupakan satu solusi agar tidak terjadi stock out. Hanya
saja penambahan sub-DC cenderung akan menambah total biaya operasional, baik biaya
pengiriman maupun biaya penyimpanan barang. Untuk itu perlu optimasi penentuan
tambahan sub-DC yang mempunyai biaya paling efisien, termasuk meneliti sejauh mana
perkembangan kondisi kemacetan akan membuat pilihan tambahan sub-DC tepat atau
tidak. Model CVRPTW (Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window)
dijalankan menggunakan VRP Speadsheet Solver. Kasus nyata pengiriman barang di
Jakarta digunakan sebagai benchmark dan mengetes validitas model yang dibuat. Dari
hasil eksperimen, selain didapat rute optimal hasil perhitungan, penambahan sub-DC
tetap menambah biaya operasional total, namun bisa dipilih lokasi sub-DC yang
memberikan tambahan paling kecil dibanding lokasi yang lain. Namun dalam jangka
panjang, dengan kondisi kemacetan ekstrim, penambahan sub-DC ternyata memberikan
biaya total yang lebih efisien dibandingkan bila hanya ada satu DC untuk melayani
semua titik pengiriman barang.
ABSTRACTThe level of traffic congestion in big cities tends to increase from year to year. Traffic
congestion causes the distribution of goods model with one Distribution Center (DC) to
serve all delivery points in one big city not necessarily guarantee the availability of
goods. The demand fluctuations and acceptance time limits at the point of delivery are
the things that must be taken into account in determining the most efficient route
combinations. The addition of sub-DC to serve multiple points of delivery can be one
solution to avoid stock out. It is just that the addition of sub-DC tends to increase the
total operations cost, both shipping and storage costs. Therefore, it is necessary to
optimize the determination of sub-DC additions which have the most efficient cost,
including to examine the extent to which the development of congestion conditions will
make the sub-DC sub-appraisal correct or not. The CVRPTW (Capacitated Vehicle
Routing Problem with Time Window) model is run using VRP Spreadsheet Solver. The
real case of delivery of goods in Jakarta is used as a benchmark and test the validity of
the model created. From the experimental results, in addition to the optimal route of
calculation results, the addition of sub-DC still adds the total operational cost but can be
selected sub-DC location which gives the smallest addition compared to other locations.
However, in the long term, with extreme traffic congestion conditions, sub-DC
additions turn out to provide a more efficient total cost than if there was only one DC to
serve all points of delivery."
