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As one of the top producers of crude palm oil in the world, Indonesia also become a country with huge amount of by-products as a result of palm extraction process. In order to anticipate environment contamination and to preserve natural resources, one of the palm oil by-products, which is oil palm shell, is utilized as natural coarse aggregate substitute in lightweight concrete mix. Based on prior laboratorium test results, reinforced lightweight OPS concrete has capacity up to 6 tons. In this research, numerical modelling is implemented on the reinforced lightweight OPS concrete and the experimental result serves as the validation. The models are built using CAST3M software and the OPS concrete beams are modelled with Timoshenko’s multi-fiber beam element approach. The analysis focuses on material non-linearity and done up to non-linear phase. The result of this research consists of OPS concrete beam behavior while loaded which observed up to its failure, force vs displacement graph, stress field, and non-linear strain pattern. In conclusion, the OPS concrete beam model reached its non-linear phase after loading surpassed 5 tons and able to withstand loads up to 6 tons while endured great deformation. This indicates that OPS concrete is a ductile material and can be implemented as structural component in simple buildings, like simple 2-storey houses. Overall, modelling result shows similarities with experimental result, giving the conclusion that the models are validated and succeeded at simulating OPS concrete beam.

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Sebagai salah satu negara penghasil minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia, Indonesia juga menjadi negara yang menghasilkan banyak limbah dari proses ekstraksi minyak kelapa sawit. Dalam rangka mengantisipasi pencemaran lingkungan dan juga mempreservasi sumber daya alam, salah satu limbah produksi kelapa sawit yaitu cangkang kelapa sawit atau oil palm shell (OPS) dimanfaatkan sebagai pengganti agregat kasar alami pada campuran beton ringan. Berdasarkan uji laboratorium terdahulu, didapatkan hasil bahwa balok beton ringan OPS bertulang memiliki kapasitas mencapai 6 ton. Pada penelitian kali ini, dilakukan permodelan numerik pada struktur balok beton OPS bertulang dengan hasil eksperimen tersebut sebagai validasi. Permodelan dilakukan menggunakan software CAST3M dan balok beton OPS tersebut dimodelkan menggunakan pendekatan elemen balok multi-fiber Timoshenko. Analisis yang dilakukan berfokus pada tipe non-linearitas material dan mencapai fase non-linear. Hasil penelitian ini meliputi perilaku dari balok beton OPS saat pembebanan yang diamati hingga sebelum kegagalan, grafik gaya vs defleksi, pola tegangan, hingga pola regangan non-linear. Disimpulkan bahwa balok beton OPS hasil permodelan memasuki fase non-linear setelah pembebanan melebihi 5 ton dan mampu mempertahankan beban hingga 6 ton dengan defleksi yang besar. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa beton OPS merupakan material yang cukup daktail dan mampu untuk diaplikasikan sebagai komponen struktur pada bangunan sederhana, seperti rumah 2 lantai sederhana. Hasil permodelan menunjukkan hasil yang menyerupai dengan hasil eksperimen, memberikan konklusi bahwa model tervalidasi dan berhasil mensimulasikan balok beton OPS."

"[ABSTRAK

Analisis terhadap penerapan pengelolaan air terproduksi minyak bumi dengan menerapkan sumur injeksi sampai dengan saat ini belum pernah dilakukan terutama dampak yang ditimbulkan dari penerapan pengelolaan air terproduksi Tujuan dari riset ini untuk menganalisis apakah penerapan dari pengelolaan air terproduksi dari usaha migas yang telah dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang berada di Pulau Salawati berdampak terhadap perusahaan lingkungan dan masyarakat Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuesioner untuk melihat pengelolaan terhadap limbah air terproduksi lingkungan kerja lingkungan sekitar tempat kerja komitmen perusahaan dan persepsi pekerja dan masyarakat Metode lain juga dilakukan untuk mengukur beban lingkungan dan menganalisis keekonomian perusahaan yang merupakan dampak dari penerapan sumur injeksi Penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari komitmen perusahaan terhadap penerapan pengelolaan air terproduksi dan lingkungan kerja Pengelolaan air terproduksi yang dilakukan perusahaan memiliki pengaruh terhadap lingkungan kerja dan lingkungan sekitar tempat kerja dan lingkungan tempat kerja berpengaruh terhadap persepsi pekerja dan masyarakat Penerapan sumur injeksi berpengaruh terhadap keekonomian perusahaan dengan cara peningkatan produksi minyak dan tekanan dari sumur sumur produksi serta mengurangi dampak pencemar ke lingkungan.

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ABSTRACT

Analysis of the application of petroleum produced water management by wells injection has not been implementation until now especially the impact of the implementation of the produced water management The purpose of this research was to analyze whether the application of the produced water management from oil and gas operations which have been carried out by companies that are on the Salawati Island give an impact to the company the environment and society This research uses a questionneire to see to the produced water waste management workplace environment outside of workplace environment commitment of the company and the perception of workers and the society Other methods are also performed to see the environmental burden and the economic impact of the company 39 s which the wells injection implementation The study also proves that there is significant influence of the company 39 s commitment to the implementation of the produced water management and the working environment Produced water management has a influence with the work environment and the workplace environment and the workplace environment gives affects to the perception of workers and the society Implementation of well injection gives affect to the economics of the company by increasing oil production and maintain the pressure of production wells and reduce the impact of pollutants into the environment. , Analysis of the application of petroleum produced water management by wells injection has not been implementation until now especially the impact of the implementation of the produced water management The purpose of this research was to analyze whether the application of the produced water management from oil and gas operations which have been carried out by companies that are on the Salawati Island give an impact to the company the environment and society This research uses a questionneire to see to the produced water waste management workplace environment outside of workplace environment commitment of the company and the perception of workers and the society Other methods are also performed to see the environmental burden and the economic impact of the company 39 s which the wells injection implementation The study also proves that there is significant influence of the company 39 s commitment to the implementation of the produced water management and the working environment Produced water management has a influence with the work environment and the workplace environment and the workplace environment gives affects to the perception of workers and the society Implementation of well injection gives affect to the economics of the company by increasing oil production and maintain the pressure of production wells and reduce the impact of pollutants into the environment. ]"

"[ABSTRAKKerusakan lingkungan di wilayah kerja PT. X Bojenegara, Banten masih sering terjadi. Sebagian besar penyebab kerusakan lingkungan di wilayah kerja PT. X seperti pencemaran udara, air, dan tanah akibat dari perilaku pekerja yang tidak memiliki sikap kesadaran lingkungan dalam bekerja. Beberapa faktor, yaitu kesadaran lingkungan dan program Industrial Hygiene digunakan untuk melihat adanya hubungan dengan perilaku pekerja di PT. X. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. X Bojonegara, Banten pada bulan Februari 2015 sampai dengan bulan Maret 2015 dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner, observasi lapangan serta wawancara mendalam. Terdapat 79 responden dan 5 orang informan yang dianalisis dengan statistik univariat, bivariat dan multivariate. Hasilnya terdapat hubungan antara kesadaran lingkungan dan program Industrial Hygiene dengan perilaku pekerja (R = 0,292). Nilai korelasi sebesar 0,292 menunjukan bahwa hubungan antara kesadaran lingkungan dan program Industrial Hygiene dengan perilaku pekerja adalah sedang.

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ABSTRACTEnvironmental damage in the region of PT. X Bojenegara, Banten still occur. Most of the causes of environmental damage in the region of PT. X such as air pollution, water, and soil as a result of the behavior of workers who don’t have an attitude of environmental awareness in the work. Several factors, namely environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program used to see the connection with the behavior of workers at PT. X. This research was conducted at PT. X Bojonegara, Banten in February 2015 to March 2015 by using a quantitative approach and the data collection methods such as questionnaires, field observation and in-depth interviews. There are 79 respondents and 5 informants were statistically analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The result there is a relationship between environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program with worker behavior (R = 0.292). The correlation value of 0.292 indicates that the relationship between environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program with worker behavior is moderate., Environmental damage in the region of PT. X Bojenegara, Banten still occur. Most of the causes of environmental damage in the region of PT. X such as air pollution, water, and soil as a result of the behavior of workers who don’t have an attitude of environmental awareness in the work. Several factors, namely environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program used to see the connection with the behavior of workers at PT. X. This research was conducted at PT. X Bojonegara, Banten in February 2015 to March 2015 by using a quantitative approach and the data collection methods such as questionnaires, field observation and in-depth interviews. There are 79 respondents and 5 informants were statistically analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The result there is a relationship between environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program with worker behavior (R = 0.292). The correlation value of 0.292 indicates that the relationship between environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program with worker behavior is moderate.]"

"Pencemaran lingkungan yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas fisik, biologis, dan (geo)kimiawi menjadi kekhawatiran utama karena memiliki konsekuensi yang merugikan terhadap ekosistem. Pada penelitian ini, serangkaian tahapan digesti, ekstraksi dengan berbagai variasi pH, dan simulasi dilakukan terhadap sedimen dan air di sungai Pesanggrahan, Jakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia untuk menentukan kadar logam kromium dan timbal secara keseluruhan, kemudahan logam terlepas dari sedimen, dan potensi bioavailabilitasnya pada biota uji menggunakan bioindikator ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L). Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa kadar timbal dalam sedimen dapat mencapai 9,435–11,245 μg/g pada fraksi pH 3, 8,560–9,695 μg/g pada fraksi pH 5, dan 6,220–7,605 μg/g pada fraksi pH 7 dan kadar kromium dalam sedimen dapat mencapai 12,505–13,522 μg/g pada fraksi pH 3, 10,545–11,945 μg/g pada fraksi pH 5, dan 8,655–9,691 μg/g pada fraksi pH 7. Hasil uji bioakumulasi logam kromium dan timbal selama 28 hari menunjukkan bahwa kadar timbal dan kromium tertinggi pada daging ikan sebesar 0,220 dan 0,851 μg/g dan kadar timbal dan kromium tertinggi pada insang ikan sebesar 0,278 dan 0,965 μg/g. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa logam timbal dan kromium dapat terakumulasi pada biota ikan.

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Environmental pollution induced by physical, biological, and (geo)chemical activities have become a major concern because of their adverse consequences to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, digestions, extractions at various pH, and bioaccumulation tests were carried out on the sediment and water from the Pesanggrahan river, South Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia to determine the overall metal content of chromium and lead, feasibility of metal leaching from sediment, and its bioavailability potential by using freshwater fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) as a bioindicator. Extraction of sediment at various pH showed that the range of lead content was 9.435–11.245 μg/g at pH 3, 8.560–9.695 μg/g at pH 5, and 6.220–7.605 at pH 7 and the range of chromium was 12.505–13.522 μg/g at pH 3, 10.545–11.945 μg/g at pH 5, and 8.655–9.691 μg/g at pH 7. A 28-days bioaccumulation test showed that the highest levels of lead and chromium in the fleshes were 0.462 and 0.983 μg/g and 0.475 and 0.978 μg/g in the gills, respectively. This study indicated that lead and chromium metals has a potential to accumulate in fish."

"Proses pembuktian di dalam persidangan merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam proses beracara di dalam suatu peradilan. Pada perkara pencemaran dan atau perusakan lingkungan hidup fungsi alat bukti keterangan ahli sebagai salah satu alat bukti yang sah adalah sangat penting membantu majelis hakim untuk memahami masalah-masalah teknis ilmiah. Oleh sebab itu pokok permasalahan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah mengenai bagaimana pendapat hakim dalam menilai kekuatan pembuktian alat bukti keterangan ahli yang dihadirkan oleh para pihak, baik dari Jaksa Penuntut Umum (JPU) maupun dari terdakwa atau penasihat hukum dalam perkara tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan hidup yang dilakukan oleh PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya di Teluk Buyat. Skripsi ini juga membahas mengenai acuan atau dasar hukum apa yang dapat dipakai dimasa yang akan datang untuk melakukan penelitian/pemeriksaan dalam perkara tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan hidup. Alat bukti keterangan ahli yang dihadirkan oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum (JPU) dan terdakwa atau penasihat hukum terdapat pertentangan yang sangat jauh berbeda satu sama lain. Hal ini menjadi tugas majelis hakim dalam menilai kebenaran keterangan alat bukti keterangan ahli dan dapat dilihat bagaimana majelis hakim menilai kekuatan pembuktian keterangan ahli. Mengenai acuan atau dasar hukum yang dapat dipakai untuk melakukan penelitian/pemeriksaan dalam perkara tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan hidup adalah dapat dipakai Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1997 tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup serta peraturan-peraturan yang ada dibawahnya termasuk Keputusan Kepala Bapedal Nomor 113 Tahun 2000 tentang Pedoman Umum dan Pedoman Teknis Laboratorium Lingkungan.

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Substantiation process before court is a critical part in a proceeding. In environment pollution or devastation lawsuit, professional opinion as one of legal exhibits serves as an important part in supporting the court understanding of scientific technical issues. The subject matter in this thesis, therefore, concerns with the judge opinion in assessing the intensity of substantiation of professional opinion proposed by the parties, both the general prosecutor (JPU) and the defendant or legal counsel in the environment pollution crime alleged against PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya in Buyat Gulf. This thesis also discusses about future applicable reference or legal basis to carry out study/inquiry of environment pollution crime. The professional opinion exhibits presented by either General Prosecutor (JPU) and defendant or legal counsel contradict significantly against each other. It is the duty of the court to evaluate the professional opinion exhibits and it can be observed there from how the judges consider the intensity of the professional opinion substantiation. With respect to the reference or legal basis applicable in this study/inquiry of environment pollution crime, it can be used Law Number 23 of 1997 on Environment Management and existing regulations under it including Decision of the Chief Environment Impact Controlling Agency Number 113 of 2000 on General Guide and Technical Guide for Environment Laboratory."