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"Gangguan pendengaran merupakan gangguan yang paling umum ditemukan pada neonatus. Gangguan dapat diatasi dengan mudah bila didiagnosis pada awal kelahiran. Prevalensi global gangguan pendengaran permanen pada neonatus kebanyakan berasal dari negara berkembang sekitar 0,5-5 per 1000 kelahiran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi efek terapi aminoglikosida dan faktor yang dapat menginduksi gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus yang dirawat di NICU Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Penelitian bersifat case-control dengan sampel 112 neonatus di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Data skrining pendengaran neonatus secara retrospektif dikumpulkan melalui data rekam medis elektronik dan data medis pasien. Hanya pasien yang dirawat dan diobati di Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) dari November 2018 hingga Oktober 2019 yang diambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Usia gestasional saat kelahiran (LGA) dan anomali kraniofasial dianggap sebagai faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap gangguan pendengaran karena secara statistik signifikan (p < 0,05). Penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan dari jenis kelamin, berat badan saat kelahiran, ventilasi mekanik, lama rawat di NICU (>5 hari), hiperbilirubinemia (> 10 mg/dl), asfiksia, dan terapi aminoglikosida (p > 0,05). Prevalensi gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus dengan usia gestasional saat lahir dibawah dari 37 minggu dan adanya anomali kraniofasial memiliki signifikansi yang tinggi dibandingkan bayi yang lahir dengan normal. Kedua faktor tersebut memiliki risiko gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus 8 hingga 14 kali lebih tinggi. Sebaliknya, terapi aminoglikosida ditemukan tidak berbeda signifikan pada penelitian ini dikarenakan nilai p sebesar 0,124 yang lebih besar dari 0,05 untuk interval kepercayaan 95%. Temuan lainnya yang tidak berbeda secara signifikan adalah jenis kelamin, berat badan saat lahir, lama rawat di NICU selama > 5 hari, dukungan ventilator > 5 hari, bayi lahir dengan asfiksia dan hiperbilirubinemia > 10 mmol/l

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Hearing loss is the most common disorder in neonates; it can be best managed if diagnosed at an early stage of life. The global prevalence of permanent neonatal hearing loss mainly occurs in developing countries, accounting for 0.5 to 5.0 per 1000 live births. This study's objective was to evaluate effects of aminoglycoside therapy, and associated factors that can induce hearing loss in neonates admitted to NICU at Dr.Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital. This was a case-control study conducted among 112 neonates at Dr. Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH). Data of neonatal hearing screening were retrospectively collected from hospital electronic medical records and medical files. Only patients admitted and treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from November 2018 to October 2019 were recruited. Out of 112 neonates studied, the Low Gestational Age at birth (L.G.A.) and Craniofacial anomalies were considered as risk factors for hearing loss since they were statistically significant (p< 0.05). The study showed no statistically significant association in gender, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, NICU stay period (>5 days), hyperbilirubinemia (>10mg/dl), asphyxia, and aminoglycoside therapy (p>0.05). The prevalence of hearing loss in neonates with a lower gestational age of leser than 37 weeks and craniofacial anomalies are significantly higher compare to full-term neonates born. They are more associated with 8 to 14 times increased risk of hearing loss in neonates. In contrast, aminoglycoside therapy was found insignificant different in this study since its p-value were 0.124 which is greter than p-value <0.05 for 95% signicant interval. Other finds that were not significantly different are gender, birth weight, extended stay at ICU for >5 days, ventilatory support > 5days, baby borns with asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia > 10mmol/l."

"Gangguan pendengaran merupakan gangguan yang paling umum ditemukan pada neonatus. Gangguan dapat diatasi dengan mudah bila didiagnosis pada awal kelahiran. Prevalensi global gangguan pendengaran permanen pada neonatus kebanyakan berasal dari negara berkembang sekitar 0,5-5 per 1000 kelahiran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi efek terapi aminoglikosida dan faktor yang dapat menginduksi gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus yang dirawat di NICU Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Penelitian bersifat case-control dengan sampel 112 neonatus di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Data skrining pendengaran neonatus secara retrospektif dikumpulkan melalui data rekam medis elektronik dan data medis pasien. Hanya pasien yang dirawat dan diobati di Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) dari November 2018 hingga Oktober 2019 yang diambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Usia gestasional saat kelahiran (LGA) dan anomali kraniofasial dianggap sebagai faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap gangguan pendengaran karena secara statistik signifikan (p < 0,05). Penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan dari jenis kelamin, berat badan saat kelahiran, ventilasi mekanik, lama rawat di NICU (>5 hari), hiperbilirubinemia (> 10 mg/dl), asfiksia, dan terapi aminoglikosida (p > 0,05). Prevalensi gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus dengan usia gestasional saat lahir dibawah dari 37 minggu dan adanya anomali kraniofasial memiliki signifikansi yang tinggi dibandingkan bayi yang lahir dengan normal. Kedua faktor tersebut memiliki risiko gangguan pendengaran pada neonatus 8 hingga 14 kali lebih tinggi. Sebaliknya, terapi aminoglikosida ditemukan tidak berbeda signifikan pada penelitian ini dikarenakan nilai p sebesar 0,124 yang lebih besar dari 0,05 untuk interval kepercayaan 95%. Temuan lainnya yang tidak berbeda secara signifikan adalah jenis kelamin, berat badan saat lahir, lama rawat di NICU selama > 5 hari, dukungan ventilator > 5 hari, bayi lahir dengan asfiksia dan hiperbilirubinemia > 10 mmol/l

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Hearing loss is the most common disorder in neonates; it can be best managed if diagnosed at an early stage of life. The global prevalence of permanent neonatal hearing loss mainly occurs in developing countries, accounting for 0.5 to 5.0 per 1000 live births. This study's objective was to evaluate effects of aminoglycoside therapy, and associated factors that can induce hearing loss in neonates admitted to NICU at Dr.Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital. This was a case-control study conducted among 112 neonates at Dr. Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH). Data of neonatal hearing screening were retrospectively collected from hospital electronic medical records and medical files. Only patients admitted and treated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from November 2018 to October 2019 were recruited. Out of 112 neonates studied, the Low Gestational Age at birth (L.G.A.) and Craniofacial anomalies were considered as risk factors for hearing loss since they were statistically significant (p< 0.05). The study showed no statistically significant association in gender, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, NICU stay period (>5 days), hyperbilirubinemia (>10mg/dl), asphyxia, and aminoglycoside therapy (p>0.05). The prevalence of hearing loss in neonates with a lower gestational age of leser than 37 weeks and craniofacial anomalies are significantly higher compare to full-term neonates born. They are more associated with 8 to 14 times increased risk of hearing loss in neonates. In contrast, aminoglycoside therapy was found insignificant different in this study since its p-value were 0.124 which is greter than p-value <0.05 for 95% signicant interval. Other finds that were not significantly different are gender, birth weight, extended stay at ICU for >5 days, ventilatory support > 5days, baby borns with asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia > 10mmol/l."

"Monitoring efek samping obat perlu dilakukan terutama untuk antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida dengan indeks terapi sempit sehingga dapat meminimalisir masalah terkait obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan monitoring efek samping obat pada pasien yang mendapatkan antibiotik aminoglikosida di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUP Fatmawati periode Maret-Mei 2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif menggunakan data primer dari wawancara pasien serta data sekunder dari resep pasien dan rekam medis. Data dikumpulkan secara total sampling. Analisis kasualitas efek samping dilakukan dengan menggunakan algoritma Naranjo. Total pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebagai subjek penelitian adalah 33 pasien. Sebanyak 14 pasien 42,4 mengalami efek samping nefrotoksik dan 5 pasien 15,2 mengalami ototoksik. Berdasarkan analisis algoritma Naranjo, 5 kejadian 15,15 dikategorikan mungkin probable . Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara usia P = 0,726 dan jenis kelamin P = 0,620 dengan efek samping obat.

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Monitoring of drug side effects needs to be done especially for aminoglycoside antibiotic with narrow therapeutic index to minimize drug related problems. The purpose of this research was to monitor the side effects of patients who received aminoglycoside antibiotics at the Inpatient Installation of Fatmawati Hospital from March to May 2017. The method of this research was analytical descriptive with prospective data were collected from primary data through patient interview and secondary data through patient prescription and medical record. Data were collected by total sampling.

Causality analysis of side effects was done by using Naranjo Algorithm. Total patients who participated for the study were 33 patients. Fourteen patients 42.4 experienced nephrotoxicity and 5 patients 15,2 experienced ototoxicity. Based on Naranjo algorithm analysis, five 15,15 were catagorized as probable. The result of chi square test showed there was no correlation between age P 0.726 and sex P 0.620 with drug side effects."

"Gangguan pendengaran sensorineural merupakan salah satu komplikasi pada otitis media supuratif kronik (OMSK). Kelainan ini bisa bersifat sementara atau permanen dan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Pemeriksaan audiometri konvensional, masking dan tes Sensorinural Acuity Level (SAL) dapat menilai seberapa besar kejadian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada OMSK dan faktor yang berhubungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang bersifat deskriptif analitik yang dilakukan di Poli THT RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo periode Januari-Mei 2015 melibatkan 73 telinga OMSK. Gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada OMSK didapatkan sebanyak 24,7% dan umumnya terjadi pada frekuensi tinggi. Tipe OMSK, durasi penyakit, dan tipe perforasi dapat memengaruhi gangguan pendengaran sensorineural dan secara statistik bermakna. Gangguan pendengaran sensorineural terjadi pada OMSK dan pemeriksaan audiometri yang benar dapat menentukan kejadian ini. Tipe OMSK, durasi penyakit, dan tipe perforasi memengaruhi kejadian gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada OMSK.

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Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the complications of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). This order can be temporary or permanent and influenced by many factors. Conventional audiometry, masking, and Sensorineural Acuty Level (SAL) test can diagnose this incident. This study aims to determine the prevalence sensorineural hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media and related factors.

This study was a cross sectional descriptif analytic which done at ENT Department Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital periode January to May 2015 involving 73 ears of CSOM. The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in CSOM is about 24,7% and generally occurs at high frequency. Type of CSOM, duration of disease, and type of perforation may affect sensorineural hearing loss and statistically significant. Sensorineural hearing loss accurs in CSOM and audiometry examination can determine this condition. Type of CSOM, duration of disease, and type of perforation influence the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in CSOM."

"Tuli mendadak merupakan kedaruratan dibidang audiologi yang perlu penatalaksanaan segera. Konsensus terapi tuli mendadak tahun 2010 di Madrid-Spanyol dan systematic review yang dilakukan Cochrane tahun 2009 menetapkan steroid sebagai terapi utama. Pasien yang mengalami kesembuhan memperlihatkan peningkatan nilai emisi otoakustik selama terapi. Perbaikan emisi terjadi lebih awal dibandingkan perbaikan ambang dengar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi hasil terapi metil prednisolon dosis terbaru pada tuli mendadak dengan pemeriksaan DPOAE dan audiometri nada murni dengan desain pre-eksperimental bersifat analitik pre-post terapi. Pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni dan DPOAE dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah terapi hari ke-15 pada 22 subjek penelitian. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan perubahan bermakna nilai audiometri di semua frekuensi yang diteliti, perubahan bermakna nilai DPOAE di frekuensi 1500 Hz, 2000 Hz, 8000 Hz dan hubungan bermakna perubahan SNR pada DPOAE dengan tingkat perubahan ambang dengar pada frekuensi 8000 Hz dan 10000 Hz. Penelitian ini mendapatkan perubahan yang bermakna nilai audiometri nada murni sebelum dan sesudah terapi pada semua frekuensi yang diteliti dengan menggunakan dosis terbaru metil prednisolon. Oleh karena itu dosis ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk terapi tuli mendadak.

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Sudden deafness is an emergency case in audiology that need immediate treatment. Consensus 2010 in Madrid-Spain and Cochrane systematic review in 2009, stated steroid as drugs of choice in sudden deafness therapy. Patient that has been recovered from sudden deafness has increasing otoacoustic emission during treatment. The emission improvement begins earlier than the improvement of the hearing level.

The aim of research is to evaluate new dose of methylprednisolon therapy in sudden deafness by using DPOAE and pure tone audiometry with pre-experimental analytical design pre-post treatment. Pure tone audiometry and DPOAE evaluation before therapy and day 15th after therapy on 22 subjects.

This reseach found that there are changes in pure tone audiometry for all hearing frequencies, there is also changes in DPOAE for 1500 Hz, 2000 Hz, 8000 Hz frequencies and a significant difference between changes in DPOAE with changes in hearing threshold level for 8000 Hz and 10000 Hz. This research found changes in pure tone audiometry for all hearing frequencies by using new dose of methylprednisolone. There fore, this new dose could be applied for sudden deafness therapy."

"[ABSTRAKGangguan pendengaran akibat stroke yang terjadi pada jalur auditorik merupakan aspek yang sedikit sekali dieksplorasi pada pasien pasca stroke dan berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada fungsi dan kualitas hidup. Pendengaran memfasilitasi komunikasi verbal sehingga hal ini penting untuk memberikan penatalaksanaan yang sesuai dan maksimal. Untuk mengukur proporsi gangguan pendengaran dan gangguan komunikasi verbal pada pasien pasca stroke dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni, audiometri tutur, dan audiometri tutur dalam bising untuk mengkaji bagaimana gangguan pendengaran berkorelasi dengan karakteristik demografik dan karakteristik klinis serta faktor yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta pada bulan November 2014 sampai Mei 2015, melibatkan 40 subyek pasien pasca stroke otak (eksklusi afasia, gangguan fungsi luhur dan gangguan kognitif) yang terdiagnosis dari pencitraan tomografi komputer kepala. Sebanyak 40% mengalami gangguan pendengaran sensorineural (ringan 37,5% dan sedang 20%). Gangguan pendengaran sentral didapatkan 12,5 dan campuran (sensorineural dan sentral) sebanyak17,5%. Didapatkan gangguan komunikasi verbal dalam suasana tenang dan bising 12,% sedangkan gangguan dalam suasana bising sebanyak 32,5%. Berdasarkan nilai odds rasio didapatkan kecenderungan faktor risiko usia lebih dari 60 tahun, letak lesi kortikal dan atau subkortikal serta vaskularisasi lesi dapat mempengaruhi gangguan pendengaran dengan atau tanpa disertai gangguan komunikasi dan secara statistik bermakna.

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ABSTRACTHearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance.;Hearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance., Hearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance.]"

"Pendahuluan: Pajanan bising yang didapat dari penggunaan headset pada pekerja operator call center dapat dilihat dari hasil pemeriksaan Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor individu dan faktor pekerjaan yang berperan terhadap profil gangguan pendengaran pada pekerja operator call center kantor pelayanan pajak di Jakarta. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan pada 94 pekerja operator call center kantor pelayanan pajak yang berlokasi di Jakarta. Data sosiodermografi, faktor individu, dan faktor pekerjaan diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner, hasil pemeriksaan DPOAE berdasarkan data sekunder hasil pemeriksaan Medical Check Up berkala yang dilakukan oleh klinik X. Hasil Didapatkan proporsi DPOAE abnormal pada operator call center di kantor pelayanan pajak pada frekuensi 2000Hz (l , 1%), 4000 Hz (1 , 1%), 6000 Hz (6,38%), frekuensi 8000 Hz (10,63%), frekuensi 10000 Hz (14,89%), dan frekuensi 12000 Hz (46,8%). Analisis bivariate didapatkan hasil bermakna pada variabel lama kerja dengan DPOAE pada frekuensi 8000Hz (p=0,020), IOOOOHz (p=0,048), durasi penggunaan headset pada frekuensi 8000Hz (p=0,025), dan volume headset pada frekuensi 6000 Hz (p=0,028). Kesimpulan: Lama kerja, penggunaan headset lebih dari 4 jam/hari, dan volume headset >60% dari volume maksimal dapat meningkatkan risiko terhadap hasil pemeriksaan DPOAE abnormal.

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Background: Noise exposure obtained from the use of a headset on call center operator workers can be seen from the results of the Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions examination. This study aims to analyze individual factors and occupational factors that play a role in hearing loss profiles in call center operator operators in tax service offices in Jakarta.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 call center operators operating in tax service offices located in Jakarta. Sociodermographic data, individual factors, and occupational factors were obtained using a questionnaire. DPOAE examination results are based on secondary data from the results of regular Medical Check Up examinations conducted by clinic X.

Results: Proportion of abnormal DPOAE found at frequency 2000Hz ( I . I%), 4000 Hz (I . I%), 6000 Hz (6.38%), 8000 Hz (10.63%), 10000 Hz (14.89%), and 12000 Hz (46.8%). Results of bivariate analysis obtained significant results on the variable length of work with DPOAE at 8000Hz (p = 0.020), I OOOOHz (p = 0.048), the duration of using a headset at 8000Hz (p = 0.025), and the volume of the headset at 6000 Hz (p = 0.028).

Conclusion: Length of work, use of a headset for more than 4 hours I day, and headset volume> 60% of the maximum volume can increase the risk of abnormal DPOAE examination results."

"Latar belakang: Angka kelahiran dan kesintasan bayi prematur mengalami peningkatan. Prematur memiliki morbiditas 7 kali lipat dari bayi cukup bulan. Gangguan pendengaran merupakan salah satu morbiditas yang masih tinggi insidensnya dengan 6 kasus per 1000 kelahiran di negara berkembang. Deteksi dini dan identifikasi faktor risiko dilakukan agar tidak terjadi keterlambatan diagnosis dan intervensi.Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalens dan faktor risiko disfungsi auditorik pada bayi prematur.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif-analitik dengan metode potong lintang dilakukan selama bulan Oktober 2016 sampai Januari 2017 pada bayi prematur usia 48 jam-3 bulan yang dirawat di Divisi Perinatologi Departemen IKA FKUI/RSCM. Sampel dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara orangtua pasien, pengumpulan data retrospektif dari rekam medis, uji tapis DPOAE dan AABR. Analisis bivariat disfungsi auditorik dengan faktor risiko dinilai dengan uji chi-square dan fischer sebagai uji alternatif. Analisis multivariat dilakukan untuk menilai interaksi faktor risiko dengan regresi logistik.Hasil: Sejumlah 100 subyek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan sebesar 25 subyek pernah mendapat perawatan intensif. Prevalens disfungsi auditorik pada bayi prematur sebesar 14 . Analisis multivariat faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan disfungsi auditorik adalah usia gestasi OR 3,824; IK 95 1,109-13,179; p=0,034 . Faktor risiko lain seperti berat lahir, pertumbuhan janin terhambat, hiperbilirubinemia, proven sepsis, pemakaian aminoglikosida, ventilasi mekanik lebih dari 5 hari, nilai Apgar yang rendah, abnormalitas lingkar kepala, riwayat gangguan pendengaran di keluarga tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan disfungsi auditorik.Simpulan: Prevalens disfungsi auditorik pada bayi prematur sebesar 14 . Usia gestasi merupakan faktor risiko disfungsi auditorik pada bayi prematur."

"Gangguan pendengaran akibat bising masih menjadi masalah kesehatan baik di dunia maupun Indonesia. Data WHO 2005 melaporkan bahwa 278 juta 4.2 penduduk dunia mengalami gangguan pendengaran, 50 di Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia. Tingkat kebisingan di pelabuhan udara El Tari Kupang tahun 2010 mencapai 92,2 dB pada pagi hari dan 95,2 dB pada siang hari. Pada tahun 2011 tingkat kebisingan di area apron atau area udara mencapai rata-rata 90,48dB dengan interval 74,5-120 dB dan di area terminal rata-rata 89,2 dB. Pada tahun 2013 mencapai 91,5 dB di area apron dan 97,2 dB di ruangan check in, di ruangan keberangkatan mencapai 97 dB Data Tahunan KKP Kupang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat kebisingan dengan gangguan pendengaran pada pekerja di pelabuhan udara El Tari Kupang. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan desain studi cross sectional analitik. Populasi studi pada penelitian ini adalah pekerja berjenis kelamin laki-laki yang bekerja pada perusahaan ground handling di pelabuhan udara El Tari Kupang tahun 2016. Hasil penelitian menemukan prevalensi gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada pekerja di pelabuhan udara El tari Kupang sebesar 39,5. Hasil estimasi risiko menemukan PR=1,80: 95 CI 1,01-3,19 artinya risiko gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada pekerja ground handling yang terpapar tingkat kebisingan > 85 dBA 1,80 kali dibandingkan dengan pekerja ground handling yang terpapar tingkat kebisingan le; 85 dBA selama 8 jam TWA sehari di pelabuhan udara El Tari Kupang. Kesimpulan: ada perbedaan risiko kejadian gangguan pendengaran antara pekerja yang terpapar tingkat kebisingan > 85 dBA dengan pekerja yang terpapar tingkat kebisingan le; 85 dBA selama 8 jam TWA sehari. Upaya pencegahan penting dilakukan yaitu mewajibkan semua pekerja menggunakan APD ear plug atau ear muff terutama yang bekerja di area apron pelabuhan udara El Tari Kupang.

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Noise induced hearing impairment remained a health issue in Indonesia and the world. WHO 2005 reported 278 million 4.2 of the world population suffered from hearing impairment, 50 of them lives in South East Asia including Indonesia. In 2010, the noise level in El Tari airport of Kupang reached 92.2 dB in the morning and 95.2 dB in the noon time. In 2011, the noise level within the apron area or the air area reach the average of 90.48 dB with the interval of 74.5 ndash 120 dB and within the terminal area it reached the average of 89.2 dB. In 2013 the figure reached 91.5 dB within the apron area and 97.2 dB within the check in area, while within the departure area it reached 97 dB. Kupang Port Health Office, Annual Reports.

This research aims to find out the relationship between the noise level and the noise induced hearing impairment amongst the workers of El Tari airport in Kupang. The research applied cross sectional analytical design study. The study population of this research is male workers who works for the ground handling companies of El Tari airport in Kupang in 2016. The research found that the prevalence of sensorineural hearing impairment within the workers of El Tari airport in Kupang is 39.5.

The risk estimation result showed PR 1,80 95 CI 1,01 3,19. It means that the risk of suffering from sensorineural hearing impairment within the ground handling workers with the noise level exposure of more than 85 dB is 1.80 times compared to those with less or equal to 85 dBA noise level exposure for 8 TWA hours a day in the airport.

Conclusion there is a difference in the risk of suffering from sensorineural hearing impairment between the workers exposed to more than 85 dBA noise level and those exposed to less or equal to 85 dBA noise level per 8 TWA hours a day. It is crucial to take prevention efforts as in obliged the workers especially those working within the apron area of El Tari airport to use self protection devices ear plug or ear muff during their working hours within the apron area."

"ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION : Based on Indonesian Constitution, article 2712 mention that every Indonesian citizen has the right of having a job and wages in accordance to humanity. Bajaj as an model in this study is public transportation vehicle which is noisy and vibrating and potential to induce hearing and balance disturbances which could be dangerous to himself or to others. General Objectives of this study : To investigate the risks of noise and vibration in bajaj's drivers and to find the solutions to prevent them from hearing loss and balance disturbances.

Specific objectives : To determine : 1, hearing and balance functions induced by noise and vibration by audiometric and posturography tests 2. To find other physiologic factors such as age, blood pressure, blood glucose level, smoking habit and body mass index which could influence those functions ; 3, To determine the threshold of noise frequencies, intensity and also acceleration of vibration which contributed to noise.

Setting : Subdivision of Neurotology of ENT Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Study subjects : Bajaj drivers.

METHODS: The study was carried out from March 2000 until October 2001.Noise and vibration were measured using octave band analyzer and vibration meter. Clinical ENT examination, height and body weight for body mass index, blood pressure and blood glucose level tests were performed. The subjects were divided into four groups : the normal one, only hearing or balance problem group, group of both disturbances. The risk factors were calculated by bivariate and multivariate or logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS : Mean of bajaj's intensity level was 91 dBA, with minimum intensity 64 dBA, maximum intensity 96 dBA, mean acceleration of vibration was 4,2 misec2. Those results showed that noise and vibration of bajajs were over safety threshold, which has been established by OSHA. The rate of normal subjects was 27.72 %, whereas that of those who suffered from hearing and balance problems was 27,43%, and only 17.14% had hearing problems and 27,71 % had balance problems. The total was 72,28 % of disturbance. From the multivariate analysis, hearing and balance problems were influenced by age more than 40 years old, working periods more than 9 years, daily working hours more than 8 hours, history of heavy smoking habit and obesity. Balance problems were influenced by the same factors. But the working period was 5.9 years and hearing problems were only influenced by age more than 40 years old. It was concluded that balance function was more sensitive than hearing one. For prevention, this study also introduced risk scores for hearing and balance functions based on those physiological factors for workers who worked in noisy and vibrating areas, low risk for scores 0-5, moderate risk for scares 6-10 and high risk for scores more than 11. The sensitivity level was 70,83% and specificity was 73,20 %.

CONCLUSIONS : Mean of bajaj's intensity level was 91 dBA, with minimum intensity 64 dBA, maximum intensity 96 dBA. mean acceleration of vibration was 4,2 misec2, which are over the safety threshold. Noise and vibration could induce hearing and balance problems in 72,28% of drivers. Those problems are influenced by several factors such as age, working periods, daily working hours, smoking habit and obesity."