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"Latar belakang: Mode penyinaran pulsa merupakan alternatif dari mode penyinaran kontinu untuk mempolimerisasi resin komposit. Saat ini resin komposit nanofil dan bulkfil merupakan material restorasi yang memerlukan surface gloss yang baik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan estetik. Surface gloss dapat dipengaruhi oleh penyinaran. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisa pengaruh penyinaran mode kontinu dan pulsa terhadap surface gloss resin komposit nanofil dan bulkfil segera dan setelah satu hari. Metode: Spesimen resin komposit nanofil dan bulkfil disinar menggunakan mode kontinu atau pulsa beriradiansi 900 mW/cm2 selama 20 detik. Lalu dilakukan pengujian surface gloss segera setelah penyinaran. Kemudian spesimen disimpan selama satu hari dan dilakukan pengujian surface gloss kembali. Hasil: Surface gloss yang dihasilkan oleh mode penyinaran kontinu dan pulsa tidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05). Resin komposit nanofil menghasilkan surface gloss lebih rendah daripada bulkfil, berbeda bermakna (p=0,00). Segera setelah penyinaran menghasilkan surface gloss lebih tinggi daripada setelah satu hari tidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini surface gloss tidak dipengaruhi oleh mode penyinaran kontinu dan pulsa serta perbedaan waktu segera dan setelah satu hari. Namun terdapat pengaruh jenis resin komposit, nanofil menghasilkan surface gloss lebih rendah dari yang dihasilkan bulkfil.

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Background: Pulse is an alternative of continuous light-curing mode to polymerize composite resin. Currently, nanofill and bulk-fill are restorative materials that require good gloss surface to meet aesthetic needs. Surface gloss can be obtained by irradiation.

Aim: To analyze influence of continuous and pulse light-curing mode on surface gloss of nanofill and bulk-fill immediately after irradiation and after one day.

Method: Nanofill and bulk-fill specimens were irradiated using continuous or pulse light-curing mode with irradiance of 900 mW/cm2 for 20 seconds. Then surface gloss test is carried out immediately after irradiation. Then the specimens were water-stored for one day and then tested their surface gloss again.

Result: Surface gloss produced by continuous and pulse light-curing mode were not statistically different (p>0,05). Nanofill produced lower surface gloss than bulk-fill, statistically significant (p=0,00). Immediately after irradiation, resulting surface gloss were higher than after one day, not statistically significant (p>0,05).

Conclusion: In this experiment, surface gloss was not affected by continuous and pulse light-curing mode as well as the time difference immediately and after one day. However, there is an influence on the type of composite resin, where nanofill produced lower surface gloss than bulk-fill."

"Latar belakang: Resin komposit nanofill dan bulkfill memiliki tampilan warna yang estetik. Warna resin komposit dapat berubah setelah dilakukan polimerisasi dengan light curing unit. Mode penyinaran pulsa yang memberikan suhu relatif rendah pada jaringan pulpa mulai dikembangkan sebagai alternatif penyinaran konvensional atau kontinu. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh penyinaran mode kontinu dan pulsa terhadap perubahan warna resin komposit nanofill serta bulkfill. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik menggunakan 24 spesimen resin komposit yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari 2 kelompok penyinaran (pulsa dan kontinu) dan 2 kelompok resin komposit (nanofill dan bulkfill). Spesimen berbentuk silindris dengan diameter 6 mm dan tebal 2 mm yang direndam dalam 5 ml akuades serta disimpan dalam inkubator 37˚C selama 24 jam setelah dilakukan penyinaran untuk menyelesaikan polimerisasi. Pengujian warna dilakukan sebelum dan setelah polimerisasi dengan penyinaran pada spesimen menggunakan Colorimeter sebanyak 3 kali pada sisi yang sama namun posisi berbeda lalu diambil rata-rata untuk merepresentasikan seluruh permukaannya. Hasil: ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* dan ΔE hasil penyinaran kontinu baik pada resin komposit nanofill maupun bulkfill berturut-turut berkisar -1,03 – 1,30, 0,98 – 1,78, 1,24 – 2,66, dan 2,05 – 3,37. Sebagai pembanding, resin komposit nanofill dan bulkfill menghasilkan ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, dan ΔE masing-masing berkisar dari -1,08 – 1,16, 0,97 – 1,69, 1,30 – 2,66, dan 2,04 – 3,34. Uji statistik menggunakan Independent T-Test menunjukkan ΔL*,Δa*, Δb* dan ΔE resin komposit nanofill hasil penyinaran mode kontinu dan pulsa berbeda tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Perbedaan tidak bermakna turut pula ditemui pada ΔL*,Δa*, Δb*, dan ΔE resin komposit bulkfill hasil kedua penyinaran (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Mode penyinaran kontinu dan pulsa menghasilkan ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, dan ΔE resin komposit nanofill maupun bulkfill yang tidak berbeda signifikan.

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Background: Nanofill and bulkfill composite resins have an aesthetic color that could changed due to light curing polymerization. Pulse-lighting mode developed as an alternative to conventional or continous one in order to reduce temperature change on dental pulp cells. Aims: To evaluate the influence of continous-lightning and pulse-lightning mode on the discoloration of nanofill and bulkfill composite resins. Methods: Twenty four composite resin specimens devided into 2 groups of lighting mode (continous and pulse) and 2 materials (nanofill and bulkfill), 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thick prepared, then immersed in 8mL of aquadest and keep 37˚C incubator for 24 hours post irradiation in order to completion of polymerization. Changes in color parameter were measured using CIEL*a*b* system before and after composite resin polymerization for each specimen. Data were analyzed using Independent T-Test (p<0,05). Result: The ranges of ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* dan ΔE after continous-lighting on nanofill and bulkfill were -1,03 – 1,30, 0,98 – 1,78, 1,24 – 2,66 dan 2,05 – 3,37 respectively. In comparison, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* dan ΔE after pulse-lighting on nanofill and bulkfill were -1,08 – 1,16, 0,97 – 1,69, 1,30 – 2,66 dan 2,04 – 3,34 respectively. ΔL*,Δa*, Δb* dan ΔE of nanofill composite resin on continous-lighting compared to pulse on nanofill composite resin exhibited no significant difference (p>0,05). The same result also found in bulkfill composite resin cured with continous-lighting compared to the pulse-lighting (p>0,05). Conclusion: Discolorization of nanofill and bulkfill composite resin induced by continous-lighting and pulse-lighting did not exhibit significanct difference.

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"Resin komposit termasuk dalam material restoratif direk yang proses pengerasannya melalui proses polimerisasi dibantu dengan bantuan cahaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak dan durasi penyinaran terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit nanofilled. 60 spesimen resin komposit yang ditumpat dalam mold dibagi ke dalam 6 kelompok berdasarkan jarak dan durasi penyinaran yang berbeda yaitu 2 mm, 5 mm, dan 8 mm; serta 20 detik dan 40 detik. Rerata nilai tertinggi dimiliki oleh kelompok dengan jarak terkecil dan durasi penyinaran terlama sedangkan nilai rerata terendah terdapat pada kelompok dengan jarak terbesar dan durasi penyinaran tersingkat. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar tiap kelompok perlakuan dengan jarak yang berbeda, namun pada 2 kelompok yang memiliki jarak tip LED Light Curing Unit sebesar 8 mm, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Dapat disimpulkan, jarak tip LED Light Curing Unit dan durasi penyinaran berpengaruh terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit nanofilled. Pengaruh durasi penyinaran hanya signifikan apabila jarak tip LED Light Curing Unit terhadap permukaan resin komposit kurang atau sama dengan 5 mm.

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Composite resin is a material of choice for direct restorations. Hardening process of composite resin is triggered by light to begin the polymerization process. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of LED light curing unit's tip distance and curing time to surface hardness of nanofilled composite resin. 60 specimens were prepared into a mold and they were divided into 6 groups based on the different curing distance and time which is 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm along with 20 seconds and 40 seconds. The highest surface hardness was seen in group with 2 mm tip's distance and 40 seconds curing time, while the lowest was seen in group with 8 mm tip's distance and 20 seconds curing time. Significant differences were seen between different tip's distances but in 2 groups which has 8 mm tip's distances and different curing time, there is no significant differences. In coclusion, LED light curing unit's tip distance and curing time is affecting surface hardness of nanofilled composite resin. Curing time only affect the surface hardness if the tip's distance is less than 8 mm."

"Latar Belakang: Resin komposit merupakan bahan restorasi yang telah dikembangkan komposisinya sehingga memiliki sifat estetika, fisik, dan mekanik yang lebih baik dan diharapkan dapat mengatasi masalah yang disebabkan oleh material restorasi lainnya. Resin komposit PALFIQUE® Universal Flow dari Tokuyama Dental merupakan resin komposit yang telah dikembangkan partikel filler-nya dan diklaim memiliki kemampuan pemolesan yang tinggi serta estetika yang sempurna. Salah satu sifat permukaan restorasi resin komposit, surface gloss, memegang peranan penting terhadap estetika restorasi. Surface gloss dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik dan diantara faktor ekstrinsik yaitu sistem pemolesan. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh sistem pemolesan terhadap surface gloss resin komposit supra-nano PALFIQUE® Universal Flow tipe Super Low dan Medium. Metode: Empat puluh delapan spesimen resin komposit supranano PALFIQUE® Universal Flow berbentuk silinder berdiameter 6 mm dan tinggi 2 mm dibuat untuk penelitian ini. Spesimen dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok berdasarkan tipe resin komposit (Super Low dan Medium) dan sistem pemolesan (Sof-LexTM Spiral, Sof- LexTM XT Polishing Discs, Tanpa Pemolesan). Penyinaran resin komposit dilakukan dengan light curing unit iradiansi 1050 mW/cm2 selama 12 detik. Setiap spesimen dilakukan pengujian surface gloss dengan glossmeter sebanyak tiga kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik One-Way ANOVA dan Independent Sample T-Test. Hasil: Nilai surface gloss semua kelompok berada pada rentang 76–96 GU. Surface gloss tertinggi dimiliki oleh kelompok tanpa pemolesan. Sistem pemolesan Sof-LexTM XT Polishing Discs menghasilkan surface gloss lebih tinggi dibandingkan Sof-LexTM Spiral dengan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05). Surface gloss resin komposit tipe Super Low lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe Medium dengan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,01). Kesimpulan: Surface gloss turut dipengaruhi oleh tipe resin komposit dan sistem pemolesan.

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Background: Composite resin is a restorative material with composition that has been developed so that it has better aesthetic, physical, and mechanical properties and is expected to overcome problems caused by other restorative materials. PALFIQUE® Universal Flow composite resin from Tokuyama Dental is a composite resin with developed filler particles and is claimed to have high polishing ability and perfect aesthetics. One of the surface properties of composite resin restorations, surface gloss, plays an important role in the aesthetics of the restoration. Surface gloss is influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and among the extrinsic factors is the polishing system. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different polishing systems on surface gloss of Super Low and Medium PALFIQUE® Universal Flow composite resin. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight specimens of PALFIQUE® Universal Flow supra-nano composite resin in cylindrical shape (diameter of 6 mm and height 2 mm) were used in this study. The specimens were divided into six groups by type (Super Low and Medium) and by polishing systems (Sof-LexTM Spiral, Sof-LexTM XT Polishing Discs, mylar strip). Specimens were polymerized with light curing unit for 12 seconds with light irradiance of 1050 mW/cm2. Each specimen was tested for surface gloss with a glossmeter three times. Data then were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-Test. Results: Surface gloss value of all groups were above the clinically acceptable threshold (76–96 GU). Highest surface gloss value was shown on the mylar strip group. Higher surface gloss values were produced by Sof-LexTM XT Polishing Discs compared to Sof-LexTM Spiral, statistically significant (p<0,05). Surface gloss values were significantly higher on type Super Low compared to Medium (p<0,01). Conclusion: In this study, surface gloss value was influenced both by the type of composite resin and differences in polishing systems."

"Latar belakang : Resin komposit bulkfill merupakan resin terbaru yang dapat direstorasi dengan kedalaman 4-5 mm dalam sekali penyinaran. Polimerisasi dipengaruhi oleh durasi penyinaran dan besaran irradiansi lightcuring untuk mendapatkan kekerasan permukaan dan depth of cure yang optimal. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai kekerasan resin komposit dan depth of cure resin komposit Tetric® N- Ceram bulk-fill yang disinari lightcure dengan durasi 5 detik, 10 detik dan 15 detik. Metode Penelitian: Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 24 spesimen resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill berbentuk silinder dengan ukuran diameter 6 mm dan tebal 4 mm. Selembar mylar strip diletakkan diatas permukaan resin komposit sebelum dilakukan proses curing. Polimerisasi dilakukan menggunakan Light Curing Unit (LED DBA iLed) selama 5 detik, 10 detik dan 15 detik dengan irradiansi 1100 mW/cm2. Setelah polimerisasi, spesimen direndam dalam akuades pada suhu 37oC selama 24 jam. Spesimen dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (n=8) yaitu; kelompok resin komposit dengan penyinaran 5 detik, penyinaran 10 detik dan penyinaran 15 detik. Spesimen diuji menggunakan HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester (Shimadzu, Jepang) dengan beban 100 gram selama 10 detik untuk mendapatkan nilai kekerasan. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik Kruskall Wallis dan Post-Hoc Mann Whitney. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan kenaikan bermakna nilai kekerasan permukaan dan depth of cure pada resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill. Nilai kekerasan dan depth of cure tertinggi terlihat pada resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill pada kelompok penyinaran 15 detik, yaitu sebesar 41,61 ± 1,25 KHN dan 72,71 ± 1,88. Kesimpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa semakin bertambah durasi penyinaran lightcure yang disinari, semakin bertambah nilai kekerasan permukaan dan depth of cure resin komposit Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill.

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Background : Bulkfill composite resin is the newest resin that can be restored to a depth of 4-5 mm in one step. Polymerization is determined by the irradiation time and the amount of light curing irradiance to obtain optimal microhardness and depth of cure. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the value of the microhardness of the composite resin and the depth of cure of the Tetric® N-Ceram bulk- fill composite resin irradiated by lightcure with a duration of 5 seconds, 10 seconds and 15 seconds. Method: Twenty four specimens of Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill Composite Resin were used in this study. All materials were prepared into disk-shaped specimens of 6 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness. A piece of mylar strip was placed on the top of the specimens just before the polymerization.. Polymerization was carried out using a Light Curing Unit (LED DBA iLed) for 5 seconds, 10 seconds and 15 seconds with an irradiance of 1100 mW/cm2. After polymerization, specimens were immersed in 37 aquadest solution for 24 hours. Specimens were divided into three groups (n=8) that is; composite resin group with 5 seconds of irradiation, 10 seconds of irradiation and 15 seconds of irradiation. Specimens were tested with HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester (Shimadzu, Jepang) with 100 gram indentation in 10 seconds. Data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis and Post-Hoc Mann Whitney to assess the significant differences among groups Result: The results of statistical tests showed a significant increase in the value of microharhardness and depth of cure on Tetric® N-Ceram bulk- fill composite resin. The highest microhardness and depth of cure values were seen in the Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin in the 15 second irradiation group, namely 41.61 ± 1.25 KHN and 72.71 ± 1.88. Conclusion: It was concluded that the longer the duration of irradiation of the irradiated lightcure, the higher the microhardness value and depth of cure of the Tetric® N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman larutan nanas terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill. Enam puluh spesimen resin komposit Tetric®N-Ceram Bulk-Fill shadeIVB berdiameter 6 mm dan tebal 3 mm dibagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan, yaitu perendaman dengan aquades sebagai kontrol dan larutan nanas pH: 3,8±0,1(n= 30). Sebelumnya seluruh kelompok direndam terlebih dahulu dalam aquades selama 24 jam dalam inkubator bersuhu 37oC sebagai baseline. Kemudian masing-masing kelompok tadi akan direndam kembali dalam larutan selama 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari (n= 10). Kekerasan permukaan diukur menggunakan HMV-G SeriesVickers Micro Hardness Tester Shimadzu®dengan indenter Knoop. Setiap spesimen akan diindentasi dengan beban sebesar 50 gf, sebanyak 5 kali indentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05)antara perendaman 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari pada kelompok perendaman larutan nanas dengan uji One-way ANOVA. Disimpulkan bahwa larutan nanas dapat menurunkan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill.

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This study aims to determine effect of pineapple solution immersion on surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin. Sixty specimens of Tetric®N-Ceram Bulk-Fill composite resin shade IVB, 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick were divided into two groups, with immersion in aquades as a control and pineapple solutionpH: 3,8±0,1 (n= 30). Before immersion, all specimens were immersed in aquades for 24 hours and were saved in incubator at 37oC as a baseline.Each group of immersions would be divided into three groups, with immersion for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days (n= 10). The surface hardness was measured using HMV-G Series Vickers Micro Hardness Tester Shimadzu®with Knoop Indenter. Each specimen was indented with load of 50 gf for 5 times. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences (p <0.05) between pineapple solution immersion for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days with One-way ANOVA test. It can be concluded that pineapple solution can reduce surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perendaman larutan stroberi terhadap perubahan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill. Total sampel terdiri dari enam puluh spesimen resin komposit Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill (ketebalan 3 mm dan diameter 6 mm; warna IVB). Spesimen dikelompokan menjadi dua, yaitu kelompok perendaman dalam akuades (kontrol) dan larutan stroberi. Spesimen direndam dalam akuades dan disimpan dalam inkubator bersuhu 37°C selama 24 jam sebagai baseline. Selanjutnya masing-masing kelompok direndam selama 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari (n=10). Setelah perendaman, dilakukan pengukuran nilai kekerasan permukaan menggunakan Micro Vickers Hardness Tester dengan indenter Knoop. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA. Hasil menunjukan bahwa perendaman dalam akuades dan larutan stroberi selama 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari dapat menurunkan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill secara signifikan (p<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa derajat keasaman dan durasi perendaman menurunkan kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill.

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This study aimed to analize the effect of immersion in strawberry solution on surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin. The total sample consist of sixty Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin specimens (thickness 3 mm and diameter 6 mm; shade IVB). Samples were devided into two groups; distilled water as the control group and strawberry solution. Samples were immersed in distilled water and saved in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours as a baseline. Then samples were alternately immersed for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days (n=10). After immersion, the changes in surface hardness of bulk-fill composite resin were measured using Micro Vickers Hardness Tester with Knoop Indentor. The data obtained were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. The result showed that immersion in distilled water and strawberry solution for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days can significantly reduced the surface hardness of bulk-fill composit resin. It can be concluded that the acidity degree and immersion duration decrease the surface hardness of bulkfill composire resin."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman dalam saliva buatan terhadap perubahan pH-nya dan kekasaran permukaan resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill. Jumlah spesimen 63 buah dibagi dalam sembilan kelompok perlakuan yaitu perendaman dalam saliva buatan pH 7; 5,5; dan 4,5 selama masing-masing 1 jam, 24 jam, dan 72 jam pada suhu 370C. Perubahan pH saliva buatan diukur menggunakan pH meter dan pengujian kekasaran permukaan spesimen menggunakan surface roughness tester. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada setiap kelompok perlakuan.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of immersion time on artificial saliva pH changes and surface roughness of Giomer Bulk Fill composite resin. Sixty three specimens were divided into nine groups with immersion in artificial saliva pH 7, 5.5, and 4.5 for 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours at 370C respectively. The changes in artificial saliva pH were measured using a pH meter and the surface roughness measured using surface roughness tester. The results showed that there were significant differences between each groups."

"Salah satu upaya kontrol infeksi terhadap LED-curing unit (LCU) adalah menggunakan plastik transparan (cling wrap). Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan LCU yang dilapisi cling wrap dalam variasi jarak penyinaran terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit, dibuatlah 60 spesimen yang disinari dengan LCU berlapis dan tanpa pelapis dalam 6 variasi jarak penyinaran (0,5-5 mm). Spesimen diuji dengan uji tekanan diametral menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Dengan hasil uji statistik yang memperlihatkan perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara kelompok yang disinari dengan LCU berlapis dan tanpa pelapis, disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan LCU yang dilapisi cling wrap memberikan pengaruh pada kekuatan tarik diametral resin komposit.

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One of infection control method for LED-curing unit (LCU) is by using transparent plastic barrier (cling wrap). To evaluate the influence of using plasticwrapped LCU in curing distance variances to diametral tensile strength of composite resin, 60 disc-shaped specimens are formed and cured by using plasticwrapped and unwrapped LCU in 6 groups of curing distance (0.5-5 mm). The diametral compression test is done by using Universal Testing Machine. The result of statistical analysis showed the significant difference between the groups cured by plastic-wrapped and unwrapped LCU. Then, the use of plastic-wrapped LCU influences the diametral tensile strength of composite resin."

"Latar Belakang: Material restorasi yang paling berkembang pesat sampai saat ini adalah resin komposit. Resin komposit yang beredar di pasaran dan menurun klaim pabrik memiliki sifat estetika yang baik, mudah dimanipulasi, serta dapat dipakai secara universal adalah Resin Komposit Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow. Suatu material restorasi harus mengalami polimerisasi yang adekuat agar menghasilkan sifat fisik, kimia, mekanik, dan biologis yang optimal. Sifat kekerasan mikro dan depth of cure material dapat menjadi indikator seberapa baik polimerisasi suatu material. Pada keadaan klinis, anatomi gigi dapat menghalangi sinar untuk berada tepat di atas permukaan restorasi sehingga jarak dan durasi penyinaran memengaruhi kekerasan mikro dan depth of cure resin komposit. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh jarak dan durasi penyinaran terhadap kekerasan mikro dan depth of cure Resin Komposit Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow. Metode: Tiga puluh spesimen Resin Komposit Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow berbentuk silinder berdiameter 6 mm dan tinggi 2 mm dipersiapkan untuk penelitian ini. Spesimen terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok berdasarkan jarak penyinaran (0,3, dan 6 mm) dan durasi penyinaran (10 dan 15 detik) yang disinari light curing unit dengan iradiansi 1050 mW/cm2. Uji kekerasan dilakukan pada permukaan atas spesimen, dan diuji juga kekerasan pada permukaan bawah spesimen untuk menghitung depth of cure (DoC). DoC dihitung dengan menggunakan metode bottom/top hardness ratio (%). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik One-way ANOVA dan Independent Sample T-test. Hasil: Kekerasan mikro dan DoC semakin tinggi pada jarak yang semakin dekat baik pada durasi 10 maupun 15 detik. Nilai kekerasan mikro dan DoC pada durasi penyinaran 15 detik lebih tinggi dibandingkan durasi penyinaran 10 detik pada jarak yang sama secara signifikan (p<0.05). DoC > 80% hanya didapatkan pada kelompok dengan jarak penyinaran 0 mm dengan durasi penyinaran 10 dan 15 detik yaitu 81,44 ± 0,02% dan 92,64 ± 0,01% secara berurutan, serta pada kelompok dengan jarak penyinaran 3 mm dan durasi penyinaran 15 detik, yaitu 88,78 ± 0,02%. Kesimpulan: Semakin dekat jarak penyinaran dan semakin lama durasi penyinaran, maka kekerasan mikro dan DoC akan semakin tinggi.

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Background: The most rapidly developing restoration material to date is composite resin. The composite resin on the market and according to manufacturer claims has good aesthetic properties, is easy to manipulate and can be used universally is Palfique Universal Flow Supra-Nano Composite Resin. A material restoration must have an adequate polymerization to produce optimal physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties. The microhardness and depth of cure properties of a material can be an indicators of how well a material is polymerized. In clinical situations, anatomical teeth can prevent light from being directly above the surface of the restoration so that the distance and duration of light-curing affect the microhardness and depth of cure of the composite resin. Objective: To analyze the effect of light-curing distance and duration on the microhardness and depth of cure of Supra-Nano Palfique Universal Flow Composite Resin. Methods: Thirty specimens of Palfique Universal Flow Supra-Nano Composite Resin in a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm were prepared for this study. Specimens were divided into 6 groups based on the light-curing distance (0,3, and 6 mm) and duration (10 and 15 seconds) which were exposed to a light curing unit with an irradiance of 1050 mW/cm2. The hardness test was on the top surface of the specimen, and hardness was also tested on the bottom surface of the specimen to calculate the depth of cure (DoC). DoC was calculated using the bottom/top hardness ratio (%) method. Data was analyzed statistically by One-way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-test. Results: Microhardness and DoC were higher at closer light-curing distances for both 10 and 15 seconds. Microhardness and DoC values at a light-curing duration of 15 seconds were significantly higher than at a duration of 10 seconds at the same distance (p<0.05). DoC > 80% was only obtained in the group with a light-curing distance of 0 mm with a duration of 10 and 15 seconds, that is 81.44 ± 0.02% and 92.64 ± 0.01% respectively, and 88.78 ± 0.02% in the group with a light-curing distance of 3 mm and a duration of 15 seconds. Conclusion: The closer the light-curing distance and the longer the light-curing duration, the higher the microhardness and DoC."