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"This article is excerpted from a portion of KPK and LIPI's research on "political sectorcorruption" in Indonesia. This research concludes that one of the main roots of corruption in Indonesia is a corrupt political system and very corrupt political parties. The authors also find that the majority of major political parties in Indonesia are managed like a family company and controlled by a handful of oligarchs. Therefore, the management of political parties in Indonesia is not transparent and accountable and is not following the principles of democracyand anti-corruption. This research concluded that all political parties in Indonesia have the following characteristics: (i) they have no accountable and transparent political partyfinancial management. All political parties are not willing to announce the amount and theorigins of their finances and do not want to report the utilization of their political party funds in detail. (ii) The caderisation process in political parties is not working following the merit system so that many members of political parties are easily jumping from one political party to another. (iii) The implementation and enforcement of the ethical code of conduct in political parties are very little or not at all. As a result, the violations of democratic principles and ethics are considered normal. Therefore, it is not surprising that the quality of politiciansin Indonesia is very low and results in prolonged corrupt practices among elected officials (legislative and executive), because they were born from unprofessional political parties and has many congenital disabilities."

"Hingga saat ini Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah korupsi atas keuangan negara yang masih tinggi meskipun upaya perbaikan sistem laporan keuangan yang berkualitas sudah diterapkan. Di sisi lain, dengan sistem desentralisasi dan pemilihan langsung atas lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif pemerintahan, divided government akan mendorong terjadinya proses checks and balances yang juga dapat mengurangi korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran sistem pelaporan keuangan sebagai bentuk dari good governance dan peran divided government terhadap korupsi. Dengan tidak menggunakan variabel korupsi yang berupa persepsi karena bersifat subjektif dan cenderung bias, studi ini menggunakan data korupsi yang bersifat inkracht sehingga dapat menggambarkan kasus korupsi yang sebenarnya terjadi.Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa good governance dengan indikator opini BPK yang diperoleh pemerintah kabupaten/kota belum bersifat substantif menggambarkan penggunaan keuangan negara. Akibatnya korupsi masih tetap terjadi pada wilayah yang sudah memperoleh opini terbaik. Sedangkan divided government yang seharusnya mendorong adanya checks and balances justru memunculkan ruang untuk negosiasi dan membuat peluang terjadinya korupsi semakin besar. Terlepas dari hal itu, upaya pemberantasan korupsi pada era pertama presiden Jokowi lebih baik dibandingkan periode sebelumnya.

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Indonesia still faces the problem of corruption in the country's finances which are still high even though efforts to improve the quality of the financial report system have been implemented. Furthermore, with a decentralized and direct election system of the legislative and executive institutions, divided government will encourage the process of checks and balances which can reduce corruption. This study aims to investigate the role of financial reporting systems as a representation of good governance and the role of divided government against corruption. Instead of using corruption perception variables which are subjective and susceptible to be biased, this study uses inkracht corruption data that can describe corruption cases that actually occur.

The results of the study show that good governance approached by Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan - BPK) opinion indicators obtained by district/city governments have not been substantively describing the use of state finances. As a result, corruption still occurs in the regions even for those which have obtained the best opinion. Whereas divided government, which should encourage checks and balances, promotes situations for negotiations and makes the chances of corruption occurring even greater. Despite on that fact, efforts to eradicate corruption in President Jokowi's first era were better than the previous government."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini fokus pada pola kerjasama interorganisasional KPK ? ICW dalamagenda pemberantasan korupsi politik di Indonesia melalui pendekatan teori NewInstitusionalisme Victor Nee. Pola kerjasama interorganisasional KPK ? ICWterbangun karena adanya kesamaan visi dan konsen terhadap agenda pemberantasankorupsi, serta interaksi antar aktor ? aktor anti korupsi KPK ? ICW. Pola kerjasamainterorganisasional KPK ? ICW menuai dukungan dan tantangan.Dukungan secaramoril maupun materil datang dari masyarakat sipil serta dunia internasional.Sedangkan tantangan popular dikenal dengan istilah?Corruptor Fight Back?.Terdapat dinamika diantara aparatur hukum negara, bahkan diantara KPK ? ICWjuga terdapatdinamika, walaupun mereka masih tetap konsisten sebagai aktor antikorupsi

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ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the pattern of interorganizational cooperation KPK - ICW inthe agenda of political corruption eradication in Indonesia by theoretical approachesNew institutionalism Victor Nee. Interorganizational cooperation pattern Commission- ICW woke up because of the similarity of vision and concern about the anticorruptionagenda, as well as the interaction between actors of anti -corruptionbetween KPK - ICW. Interorganizational cooperation between KPK - ICW gettingsupport and challenge. Moral and material supporting come from the civil society andthe international community. In the other side the challenge popularly known by theterm "Corruptor Fight Back". There is a dynamic between the legal apparatus of thestate, even among KPK - ICW also found dynamics, although they still remainconsistent as anti -corruption actors"

"Penulis akan membahas mengapa korupsi masih terjadi di Indonesia, terlepas dari semua upaya yang telah dilakukan. Indonesia, sebagai salah satu negara yang dianggap kotor oleh beberapa indeks, sebenarnya dipandang sebagai salah satu negara yang telah memperkenalkan banyak agenda tentang bagaimana menghadapinya. Esai ini akan membahas beberapa inisiatif yang telah dibuat, lalu mengapa korupsi masih berlanjut. Tiga alasan termasuk, predator-elit, fraud-triangle, dan budaya korupsi. Beberapa rekomendasi yang mungkin tentang apa yang bisa dilakukan juga akan dibahas.

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The writer will be discussing why corruption persists in Indonesia, despite all of the efforts that have been made. Indonesia, as one of the countries considered corrupted by several indexes, has actually being seen as one of the countries that had introduced numerous agendas on how to deal with it. This essay will discuss several initiatives that have been made, then why then corruption still persists. Three reasons are included, predatory-elites, fraud triangle, and culture of corruption. Several possible recommendations on what could be done will also be discussed"

"Penelitian ini merupakan kajian kriminologi yang melihat pola memperdagangkan pengaruh dalam kasus korupsi politik di Indonesia. Berfokus pada kasus-kasus yang melibatkan aktor-aktor politik seperti anggota DPR RI, partai politik dan kepala daerah. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi literatur dan kajian terhadap dokumen persidangan dan wawancara sebagai teknik pengumpulan datanya. Penjelasan terkait dengan pola memperdagangkan pengaruh pada penelitian ini menggunakan teori pola kejahatan oleh Brantingham (1981). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pola memperdagangkan pengaruh dalam kasus korupsi politik di Indonesia, dapat dijelaskan dengan teori pola kejahatan. Lebih jauh, penelitian ini menemukan adanya kesempatan struktural yang muncul dari proses sah yang kemudian mampu menyebabkan terjadinya korupsi dengan pola memperdagangkan pengaruh.

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Current research is a criminological study that examines the pattern of trading influence in political corruption cases in Indonesia. Focusing on cases involving political actors such as members of the Indonesian Parliament, political parties and regional leaders. Current research's approach is qualitative utilizing scientific literature, trial documents studies and interviews as data collection techniques. The explanation related to the pattern of trading influence in this study uses the theory of crime patterns by Brantingham (1981). This study found that the pattern of trading influence in political corruption cases in Indonesia, can be explained using theory of crime patterns. Furthermore, current study found structural opportunities arising from legal processes which were then able to cause corruption by trading patterns of influence."

"Tesis ini fokus mengkaji institusionalisasi Sistem Integritas Partai Politik (SIPP) yang didorong oleh Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) sebagai bagian dari upaya pencegahan korupsi politik di Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB). Sejak Pemilu 2009, 2014, hingga 2019, perolehan suara PKB meningkat. Jumlah kader partai yang terjerat kasus korupsi relatif sedikit dibanding dengan partai lain. Pertanyaan utama yang hendak dijawab adalah bagaimana institusionalisasi SIPP di PKB yang diinisiasi oleh KPK sebagai bagian dari upaya pencegahan korupsi politik? Kerangka teori yang digunakan adalah teori institusionalisasi O’Donnell. Terdapat dua tahapan institusionalisasi; penyebaran nilai (value infusion) dan tindakan rutinitas terhadap nilai tersebut (behavioral routinization). Data dikumpulkan melalui kajian pustaka dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa institusionalisasi SIPP di PKB berlangsung melalui tahap penyebaran nilai-nilai SIPP. Sebaran ini terdapat dalam Mabda’ Siyasi, AD/ART, Manifesto PKB, dan Peraturan Partai. Di dalamnya diatur tentang kode etik, kaderisasi dan rekrutmen, demokratisasi internal, dan tata kelola keuangan. Tahapan berikutnya adalah pembiasaan menjadikan ketentuan internal PKB ini dalam menjalankan kegiatan kepartaian. PKB adalah salah satu partai yang menyambut baik keberadaan SIPP. Bagi PKB, SIPP adalah akselerasi untuk memperkuat integritas partai. Menjadi langkah nyata pencegahan korupsi politik yang melibatkan kader partai. Dari penelitian ini, perlu dikembangkan lebih lanjut teori institusionalisasi yang dapat menganalisa lebih detail hubungan antara penyebaran nilai (value infusion) dan pembiasaannya (behavioral routinization).

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This thesis focuses on examining the institutionalization of the Political Party Integrity System (SIPP) which was pushed by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) as part of efforts to prevent political corruption in the National Awakening Party (PKB). Since the 2009, 2014 and 2019 elections, PKB's vote share has increased. The number of party cadres who were caught in corruption cases was relatively small compared to other parties. The main question to be answered is how the institutionalization of SIPP in PKB was initiated by the KPK as part of efforts to prevent political corruption? The theoretical framework used is O'Donnell's institutionalization theory. There are two stages of institutionalization; the spread of values ​​(value infusion) and routine actions against these values ​​(behavioral routineization). Data was collected through literature review and interviews. This research shows that the institutionalization of SIPP in PKB takes place through the stage of spreading SIPP values. This distribution is contained in Mabda' Siyasi, AD/ART, PKB Manifesto, and Party Regulations. It regulates the code of ethics, regeneration and recruitment, internal democratization, and financial governance. The next stage is getting used to the internal provisions of this PKB in carrying out party activities. PKB is one of the parties that welcomes the existence of SIPP. For PKB, SIPP is an acceleration to strengthen party integrity. Become a concrete step to prevent political corruption involving party cadres. From this research, it is necessary to further develop an institutionalization theory that can analyze in more detail the relationship between value infusion and behavioral routineization."