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"Obesitas pada anak menjadi masalah gizi utama dalam beberapa dekade terakhir dan berkembang pesat di banyak negara, termasuk Indonesia. Pangan olahan khususnya ultra processed food (UPF) sebagai bagian dari klasifikasi NOVA diketahui memiliki ciri-ciri padat energi tinggi, berlemak, bergula dan asin sehingga dapat menyebabkan obesitas. Penelitian cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan UPF dengan indeks massa tubuh menurut umur (BAZ) pada anak usia sekolah 10-12 tahun di Surabaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di tiga sekolah negeri dan swasta di Surabaya, Jawa Timur Indonesia selama Maret-April 2020. Responden penelitian ini adalah siswa SD kelas 4 dan 5 sebanyak 136 siswa yang dipilih secara acak. Pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan diperoleh untuk menghitung BAZ, sedangkan konsumsi UPF diperoleh dengan food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) dan recall 24 jam. FFQ untuk menilai konsumsi UPF disusun berdasarkan 1x recall 24 jam pada studi utama. Kuesioner terstruktur dan kuesioner aktivitas fisik untuk anak (PAQ-C) digunakan untuk menilai status sosio- demografi, tingkat aktivitas fisik, asupan energi, waktu di depan layar dan morbiditas anak. Uji Spearman digunakan pada analisis bivariat dan regresi linear digunakan untuk analisis multivariat, analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 13% responden mengalami kelebihan berat badan dan 24% obesitas; konsumsi UPF menyumbang 14% dari total asupan energi dengan median energi dari UPF 247 kkal/hari. Sebagian besar responden mengonsumsi energi yang tidak cukup dan aktivitas fisik rendah. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara konsumsi UPF dan BAZ (r=-0.097, p=0.196). Hanya aktivitas fisik yang berhubungan signifikan dengan BAZ pada analisis multivariat (p=0.014). Jenis UPF Obesogenik dan Non Obesogenik perlu dibedakan untuk mendapatkan korelasi yang jelas antara konsumsi UPF dan BAZ pada anak usia sekolah.

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Childhood obesity became the major nutritional problem in the last decades and growing rapidly in many countries, including Indonesia. Processed food especially ultra-processed food (UPF) as part of NOVA classification had known contain obesogenic nutrient which were high energy dense, fatty, sugary and salty may lead to overweight and obesity. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the correlation between UPF and body mass index for age (BAZ) among school age children 10- 12 years old in Surabaya. Data collection was conducted in three public and private school in Surabaya, East Java Indonesia during March-April 2020. Elementary students in the 4th and 5th grade were enrolled 136 students randomly selected as respondents. Weight and height measurement were obtained for calculating the BAZ, while UPF consumption was obtained by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hours recall. FFQ to assessed UPF consumption was developed based on single 24-hours recall from bigger study. Structured questionnaire and physical activity questionnaire for children (PAQ-C) were used to assessed socio- demographics status, physical activity level (PAL), energy intake, sedentary screen time and child morbidity. Spearman test for bivariate analysis and linear regression for multivariate analysis, all data analyzed used SPSS version 20. The result found 13% of respondents were overweight and 24% obese; UPF consumption contribute 14% of total energy intake with median energy from UPF 247 kcal/day. Most of respondent had inadequate TEI and low PAL. No significant association was found between UPF consumption and BAZ (r=-0.097, p=0.196). Only physical activity that significant in multivariate analysis (p=0.014). It is necessary to distinguish the type of obesogenic and non-obesogenic UPF to get clear correlation between UPF consumption and BAZ among school age children."

"Latar belakang: Menarke merupakan kondisi ketika seorang remaja putri mengalami menstruasi pertama kali. Di Indonesia, usia menarke diketahui mengalami tren penurunan. Menarke dini dapat meningkatkan berbagai risiko terjadinya masalah-masalah kesehatan, di antaranya masalah reproduktif dan psikologis. Perubahan gaya hidup hingga asupan nutrisi diyakini menjadi faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi usia menarke baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi ultra-processed food dengan usia menarke.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional. Pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan, pengisian kuesioner, dan wawancara 24 hour recall dilakukan dalam pengumpulan data. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Uji post-hoc Mann-Whitney juga dilakukan untuk variabel yang signifikan.Hasil: Didapatkan 91 sampel yang sudah menstruasi dari 3 sekolah dasar dan 1 sekolah menengah pertama di Jakarta Barat. Berdasarkan analisis data, didapatkan terdapat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dan usia menarke (p < 0,011). Namun, tidak didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi ultra-ptocessed food terhadap usia menarke (p > 0,05).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan usia menarke, sedangkan aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi ultra-processed food tidak berhubungan dengan usia menarke.

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Introduction: Menarche is a condition when a young woman experiences menstruation for the first time. In Indonesia, the age of menarche is known to experience a downward trend. Early menarche can increase the risk of various health problems, including reproductive and psychological problems. Changes in lifestyle and nutritional intake are believed to be factors that can affect the age of menarche either directly or indirectly. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between body mass index, physical activity, and consumption of ultra-processed food and age at menarche.

Methods: This study was conducted with cross-sectional design study. Measurement of weight and height, filling out questionnaires, and interview using 24 hours recall were carried out in data collection. Data analysis in this study used the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Post-hoc test using Mann-Whitney test was also performed for significant variable.

Results: There were 91 samples who had menstruated from 3 elementary schools and 1 junior high school in West Jakarta. Based on data analysis, it was found that there was a relationship between body mass index and age at menarche (p < 0.011). However, there was no relationship found between physical activity and consumption of ultra-processed food on the age of menarche (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between body mass index (BMI) and age at menarche, while physical activity and consumption of ultra-processed food are not associated with age at menarche."

"Indonesia mengalami peningkatan obesitas yaitu 12,2% (2007) menjadi 14% (2010). Indeks massa tubuh (IMT) tidak membedakan massa lemak dan massa bukan lemak.Tujuan: Mengetahui obesitas dan korelasi antara massa lemak tubuh dan IMT pada anak 7-12 tahun di Jakarta Pusat.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang analitik cluster random sampling antara Jan-Mar 2016.Hasil: Total subjek adalah 1.333 anak. Obesitas menurut massa lemak subyek lelaki sebesar 21,3%, subyek perempuan sebesar 13,1%. Median massa lemak lelaki 7-12 tahun berturut-turut 18,8,18,6,18,1,18,4,18,6,16,1%. Median massa lemak perempuan 7-12 tahun berturut-turut 23,6,24,23,8,23,7,24,4,25,4%. Korelasi IMT dan massa lemak subyek lelaki r=0,848-0,903, p<0,05, korelasi pada subyek perempuan r=0,717-0,846, p<0,05. Sensitivitas IMT terhadap massa lemak subyek lelaki 90,5%, spesifisitas 96,6%, kappa 0,879, sensitivitas IMT terhadap massa lemak subyek perempuan 88,2%, spesifisitas 92,4%, kappa 0,787 menggunakan P85 dan P95 hasil penelitian.Simpulan: Obesitas menurut massa lemak lelaki adalah 21,3% dan perempuan 13,1%, korelasi IMT dan massa lemak lelaki sangat kuat dan kuat pada subyek perempuan.

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Background: Obesity in Indonesia has increased in number from 12.2% (2007) to 14% (2010). Body mass index does not differentiate between fat mass and non-fat mass.

Aim: To determine the obesity profile and correlation between fat mass and body mass index in children aged 7-12 years old in Central Jakarta.

Methods: A cross sectional analytic study. Subjects were recruited from Jan - March 2016 through cluster random sampling.

Result: A total of 1,333 children were recruited. Obesity by fat mass in male was 21.3% and 13.1% in female. Fat mass median in male aged 7,8,9,10,11,and 12 years consecutively were 18.8,18.6,18.1,18.4,18.6, 16.1%. Fat mass median in female aged 7,8,9,10,11,and 12 years consecutively were 23.6,24, 23.8,23.7,24.4,25.4%. Correlation between BMI and fat mass in male r=0.848-0.903, p<0.05, females r=0.717-0.846, p<0.05. Body mass index sensitivity for fat mass in male was 90,5% and 96.6% specificity with kappa value 0,879, in female sensitivity was 88.2% and 92.4% specificity with kappa value 0.787 using new reference percentile generate from this study (P85 and P95 BMI).

Conclusion: The obesity profile determined by fat mass is 21.3% in males and 13.1% in females and with very strong correlation between BMI and fat mass for males and strong correlation in females."

"[Latar belakang: Konsumsi MRDPG meningkat secara paralel dengan peningkatan prevalens obesitas di seluruh dunia sehingga diduga menjadi salah satu faktor risiko obesitas yang bermakna. Data di Indonesia terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG dan hubungannya dengan obesitas pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun. Metode: Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahap. Tahap I (studi potong lintang) didesain untuk mengetahui pola konsumsi MRDPG (total sampling). Uji hipotesis dilakukan pada Tahap II (studi kasus kontrol) secara purposive sampling (subjek obes dan gizi baik) dengan matching (usia dan jenis kelamin). MRDPG yang diteliti adalah soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, teh manis, dan kopi instan/siap saji. Konsumsi MRDPG dinilai dengan semi kuantitatif FFQ yang telah divalidasi sebelumnya. Pemeriksaan antropometri dilakukan dengan cara standar sesuai protokol. Risiko obes karena konsumsi MRDPG dianalisis dengan conditional logistic regression bersama dengan faktor perancu. Hasil: Sebanyak 421 dan 182 subjek memenuhi kriteria penelitian tahap I dan II. Proporsi subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG adalah 92,2% dan 63,9% di antaranya mengonsumsi 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari. Konsumsi MRDPG pada anak lelaki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan (P<0,001). Rerata konsumsi MRDPG berdasarkan volume, kalori, dan gula tambahan adalah 348 ml, 117 kkal, dan 26,6 gram per hari (≈ 5 sdt gula pasir setiap hari). Kontribusi kalori terbesar adalah teh manis dan yang terkecil soda. Subjek mengonsumsi MRDPG di antara 2 waktu makan dan di semua tempat. Setelah mengontrol faktor perancu, subjek yang mengonsumsi MRDPG 1 kali atau lebih setiap hari memiliki risiko obes sebesar 2,54 kali (RO 2,54; IK 95% 1,07-6,05; P=0,03). Risiko tersebut bertambah sebesar 45% untuk setiap konsumsi 1 porsi (RO 1,45; IK 95% 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 porsi=240 ml). Teh manis dan kopi instan/siap saji menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan obesitas. Simpulan: Pola konsumsi MRDPG pada anak sekolah usia 10-12 tahun mengkhawatirkan. Semakin sering seorang anak mengonsumsi MRDPG, semakin besar kemungkinannya menjadi obes;Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese., Background: there is a global parallel increased between SSB consumption and obesity prevalence. Therefore, SSB consumption has been hypotized as one of risk factors of obesity. Limited data found in Indonesia. Aim: to describe the pattern of SSBs consumption and its association with obesity in school children age 10-12 years old. Method: a two phase study has been studied. Phase I (a cross sectional study) was designed to describe the pattern of SSB consumption as a total sampling. Hypotesis test was done in phase II (a case control study) as a purposive sampling (obese and healthy weight subjects) with individual matching (sex and age) between groups. SSBs were include reguler soda, fruit drink, sport drink, energy drink, sweat tea, and instant/ready to drink coffee. SSBs consumption were measured with a previously validated FFQ. Anthropometrical measures were taken using standardize protocol. Obesity risk related to SSB consumption was assesed together with confounding factors in a conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis. Result: There were 421 and 182 subjects fullfilled the criteria of study in phase I and II. The proportion of subject to consume SSBs was 92,2% and 63,9% of them consumed it one or more daily. Boys were more in drinking SSBs than girls (P<0,001). Mean of SSBs consumption based on volume, calories, and added-sugar were 348 ml, 117 kkal, and 26,6 gram per day (≈ 5 tsp of table sugar per day). The highest contribution of energy was found in sweat tea and the lowest was soda. All subjects consumed SSBs between 2 time meal at all place. After controling the confounding factors, We found a risk of obesity related to SSB consumption as 2,54 higher (RO 2,54; 95% CI 1,07-6,05; P=0,003) if they drank SSBs one or more daily. Besides, each additional daily serving was associated with a 45% relative increased in the risk of obesity (RO 1,45; 95% CI 1,08-1,94; P=0,01)(1 serving=240 ml). Sweat tea and instant/ready to drink coffee were significantly associated with obesity in this study. Conclusion: The pattern of SSBs consumption in school children age 10-12 years old is concerned. The more frequent in drinking SSBs the more likely a child to become obese.]"

"Pendahuluan: Masalah kekurangan gizi masih menjadi permasalahan utama di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Salah satu indikatornya adalah status gizi. Asupan vitamin A dari makanan termasuk salah satu dari masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat status gizi anak usia 10-12 tahun dan hubungannya dengan asupan vitamin A dari makanan. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan data primer dengan desain cross-sectional di SDN 03 Taman Rahayu, Kabupaten Bekasi, pada 11-12 Januari 2011. Sampel dipilih dengan non probability-consecutive sampling pada semua anak berusia 10-12 tahun di lokasi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Dilakukan pengambilan data umum, antropometri, dan wawancara konsumsi makanan menggunakan Food and Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) 1 week recall. Status gizi didapatkan dari data antropometri dengan indikator BB/TB, BB/U, TB/U. Asupan vitamin A dari data FFQ yang diolah dengan nutrisurvey. Hubungan kedua variabel ini dianalisis dengan uji hipotesis komparatif kategorik. Hasil: Dari 68 orang responden, 16,2% responden memiliki status gizi kurang berdasarkan indikator IMT/U, 41,2% berdasarkan TB/U, 44,1% berdasarkan BB/U. 95,6% responden mendapapatkan asupan vitamin A berlebih dari makanan, dengan asupan rata-rata 256,3% AKG. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan dari status gizi dan asupan vitamin A dari makanan pada penelitian ini.

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Introduction: Nutrient deficiency still being a major problem in developing country like Indonesia. One of the indicator is nutrient status. Vitamin A intake from food is one of those problem. This study aimed to see the nutrient status of 10-12 y.o children and its relationship with vitamin A intake from food.

Methods: This study use primary data with cross-sectional design in SDN 03 Taman Rahayu, Kabupaten Bekasi on January 11th-12th 2011. Sample choosed with non probability-consecutive sampling to all children aged 10-12 y.o in location which fulfill the inclusion criteria.From the responden, we input the general data, antropometri, and food consumption interview by using Food and Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) 1 week recall. From antropometri data we got responden nutrient status with indicator BMI/Age, Height/Age, and Weight/Age. From FFQ data we got vitamin A intake from food. Relationship between both variable analyzed by hypothetical comparative categoric test.

Result: From 68 responden, 16.2% were in poor nutrient status based on BMI/Age, 41.2% on Height/Age, 44.1% on Weight/Age. 95.6% responden were in excess vitamin A intake from food, with the average intake 256.3% RDA. No significant relationship between nutrient status and vitaminn A intake from food in this study."

"Pubertas adalah fase penting dalam perkembangan remaja, dan menarche merupakan tanda utama pada remaja perempuan. Menarche dini dapat berdampak negatif pada kesehatan, baik jangka pendek maupun panjang. Dalam jangka pendek, remaja dapat mengalami stres, sementara dampak jangka panjang seperti penyakit metabolik. Penelitian cross-sectional ini melibatkan 114 siswa SD dan SMP X di Pondok Aren, Tangerang Selatan, usia 9-14 tahun. Data dikumpulkan secara primer melalui pengukuran status gizi, wawancara food recall, kuesioner aktivitas fisik, usia menarche ibu, dan konsumsi ultra-processed food. Hasil menunjukkan 48,2% responden telah mengalami menarche. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status gizi, aktivitas fisik, dan konsumsi ultra-processed food dengan menarche dini (p value < 0.05). Sementara tidak ada hubungan antara asupan energi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, dan usia menarche ibu terhadap kejadian menarche dini. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penambahan variabel keterpaparan media sosial dan peran aktif pemerintah serta sekolah dalam program kesehatan reproduksi.

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Puberty is a critical phase in adolescent development, with menarche being a primary milestone in girls. Early menarche can negatively impact health, both in the short and long term. Short-term effects include stress among adolescents, while long-term effects may lead to metabolic diseases. This cross-sectional study involved 114 students from elementary and middle schools in X Pondok Aren, South Tangerang, aged 9-14 years. Primary data collection methods included nutritional status measurements, food recall interviews, physical activity questionnaires, maternal menarche age, and ultra-processed food consumption. Results indicated that 48.2% of respondents had experienced menarche. Significant relationships were found between nutritional status, physical activity, and ultra-processed food consumption with early menarche (p value < 0.05). However, no associations were observed between energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, and maternal menarche age with early menarche occurrence. The study recommends incorporating variables related to social media exposure and emphasizes the active roles of government and schools in reproductive health programs."

"Hipertensi pada remaja didefinisikan sebagai tekanan darah sistolik dan/atau diastolik lebih dari P95 sesuai jenis kelamin, umur, dan tinggi badan. Peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi pada remaja secara global diduga disebabkan karena peningkatan prevalensi obesitas pada remaja. Remaja dengan obesitas berisiko sepuluh kali lebih besar mengalami hipertensi dibandingkan remaja dengan berat badan normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelediki korelasi antara tekanan darah dengan obesitas, yang direpresentasikan oleh indeks massa tubuh, lingkar pinggang, dan massa lemak tubuh, pada remaja yang mengalami obesitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan data sekunder yang didapat dari penelitian sebelumnya. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 66 remaja berusia 14-17 tahun dengan indeks massa tubuh lebih dari P95 berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan usia. Tiga puluh dua (48,5%) dari 66 remaja obesitas pada penelitian ini mengalami hipertensi, dengan hipertensi sistolik sebanyak 25,8% dan hipertensi diastolik sebanyak 31,8%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa tekanan darah sistolik tidak berkorelasi dengan indeks massa tubuh, namun berkorelasi positif dengan lingkar pinggang (r = 0,218, p <0,05) dan berkorelasi negatif dengan massa lemak tubuh (r = -286, p <0,05). Tekanan darah diastolik tidak berkorelasi dengan lingkar pinggang dan massa lemak tubuh, namun berkorelasi positif dengan indeks massa tubuh (r = 0,223, p <0,05). Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa remaja obesitas di Jakarta memiliki prevalensi hipertensi yang tinggi dan tekanan darah sistolik berkorelasi dengan lingkar pinggang dan massa lemak tubuh, sementara tekanan darah diastolik berkorelasi dengan indeks massa tubuh.

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Hypertension in adolescents is elevation of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure in the P₉₅ or greater based on gender, age, and stature. The increased global prevalence of hypertension among adolescents is thought to be the result of the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity. Obese adolescents have tendencies to have hypertension ten times greater that the normoweights. This research is conducted to determine the correlation between blood pressure and obesity, which is presented as body mass index, waist circumference, and body mass fat, in obese adolescents. Using cross-sectional study, from secondary data collection, we found 66 adolescents age 14-17 years old in which body mass index are in the P₉₅ or greater based on gender and age. Thirty-two (48,5%) adolescents have hypertension, where 25,8% adolescents have systolic hypertension and 31,8% adolescents have diastolic hypertension. Bivariate analysis shows that systolic blood pressure does not correlate with body mass index but positively correlates with waist circumference (r = 0,233, p <0,05) and negatively correlates with body mass fat (r = -286, p ≤0,01). Diastolic blood pressure does not correlate with waist circumference and body mass fat but positively correlates with body mass index (r = 0,223, p <0,05). It can be concluded that the prevalence of hypertension in obese adolecsents in Jakarta is high and systolic blood pressure has a weak correlation with waist circumference and body mass fat while diastolic blood pressure has a weak correlation with body mass index."

"ABSTRAKIndeks massa tubuh (IMT) merupakan parameter seorang anak kurus, normal, gemuk ataupun obese. Kegiatan anak mempengaruhi kadar lemak tubuh karena konsumsi karbohidrat yang berlebihan tanpa disertai aktivitas yang seimbang menyebabkan penumpukan lemak sebaliknya bila energi tersebut tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan maka lemak akan digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut yang mengakibatkan berkurangnya kadar lemak tubuh. Demikian juga dengan distribusi tekanan plantar karena anak obese dengan aktivitas rendah, tekanan plantar lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak obese dengan aktifitas tinggi sehingga aktifitas subyek penelitian harus dihomogenisasi untuk memperoleh hasil yang akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan IMT (kurus, normal, gemuk dan obese) dengan lemak tubuh dan distribusi tekanan plantar saat berdiri dan berjalan pada anak usia 8-10 tahun. Metode : desain penelitian adalah observasional cross sectional / potong lintang dengan jumlah 33 anak sebagai subyek penelitian dengan lifestyle sedentary karena aktifitas mempengaruhi kadar lemak tubuh dan distribusi tekanan plantar. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar lemak tubuh menggunakan timbangan Tanita dan puncak tekanan (peak pressure) dengan menggunakan alat Matscan. Tekanan plantar diukur saat berdiri dan berjalan. Hasil :. Anak dengan IMT gemuk mempunyai korelasi yang kuat dengan lemak tubuh (r=0,6333) dan anak dengan IMT obese mempunyai korelasi yang sangat kuat terhadap lemak tubuh (r=0,8) sedangkan anak dengan IMT kurus juga mempunyai korelasi terhadap lemak tubuh tetapi korelasinya lemah (r=0,2582). IMT juga berhubungan dengan distribusi tekanan plantar saat berdiri dan berjalan terutama daerah midfoot sedangkan untuk anak kurus ditemukan adanya peningkatan tekanan pada daerah hindfoot sewaktu heelstrike. Kesimpulan : IMT berhubungan dengan kadar lemak tubuh dan distribusi tekanan plantar terutama pada anak dengan IMT gemuk dan obese

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ABSTRACTBody Mass Index (BMI) is a parametric to know wheather a child is underweight, normal, overweight or obese. Children activity affects fat body percentage because consumption excessive carbohydrate with less activity will increase fat deposit. In other words if the energy cannot provide children activity then fat will be used as energy and this will decrease the fat deposit. And so with the plantar pressure distribution because obese children with lower activity , their plantar pressure are higher than obese children with high activity and therefore research subjects had to be homogenized to get an accurate result. This research aims are to know the relation between BMI (underweight, normal, overweight or obese) and plantar pressure distribution during standing and walking in children with age 8-10 years old. Methode: Design of this research is cross sectional with 33 children as research subjects with lifestyle sedentary. The research was done with Tanita’s weigher to measure fat body percentage and Matscan to meassure the peak pressure during standing and walking. Result : overweight children has a stong correlation with fat body (r=0.6333) and obese chidren has a very strong correlation with fat body (r=0.8). Underweight children also has a correlation with fat body but it’s a weak correlation (r=0.2582). BMI also has correlation with plantar pressure distribution during standing and walking expecially midfoot while underweight children has an increase peak pressure at the hindfoot while Conclussion : BMI influence both fat body and plantar pressure distribution expecially in overweight and obese children"

"Ultra-processed food/UPF merupakan produk yang melalui serangkaian teknik dan proses industri serta memiliki nilai zat gizi yang rendah. Apabila dikonsumsi secara berlebihan, UPF dapat meningkatkan risiko berat badan lebih dan obesitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan proporsi konsumsi UPF berdasarkan karakteristik individu, faktor lingkungan, dan faktor gaya hidup pada mahasiswa S1 non-kesehatan Universitas Indonesia tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 149 sampel. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner online yang diisi secara mandiri. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat (chi-square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 50,3% mahasiswa mengonsumsi UPF tingkat tinggi. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan proporsi yang signifikan antara pengaruh teman sebaya dan akses terhadap UPF dengan tingkat konsumsi UPF. Peneliti menyarankan mahasiswa untuk meningkatkan kesadaran terkait pemilihan makanan dan minuman serta menjadi penggerak dalam lingkungan teman sebaya terkait hal tersebut. Pihak Universitas Indonesia dapat memberikan edukasi dan membuat ketentuan terkait UPF dan konsumsi makanan sehat kepada mahasiswa. Pemangku kebijakan dapat meningkatkan dalam penyampaian pesan kesehatan, mendukung lembaga pendidikan, dan mendukung penelitian terkait pola makan mahasiswa dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi konsumsi UPF. Peneliti selanjutnya dapat meneliti pada populasi lain dengan variabel dan teknik yang berbeda.

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Ultra-processed food/UPF is a product that undergoes a series of industrial techniques and processes and has low nutritional value. Overconsumption of UPF can increase the risk of overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the proportion of UPF consumption based on individual characteristics, environmental factors, and lifestyle factors among non-health undergraduate students in Universitas Indonesia in 2023. A cross sectional study design conducted on 140 samples. The data was collected using a self-administered online questionnaire. The data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate (chi-square) analyses. The results showed that 50,3% of the students consumed a high level of UPF. The bivariate analysis showed a significant difference in the proportion of UPF consumption based on peer influence and access to UPF. The researchers suggest students to increase awareness of food and beverage choices, also become advocates within their peer groups regarding this matter. Universitas Indonesia should implement health education and make provisions regarding UPF and healthy food consumption for students. Policymakers suggested to improve the delivery of health messages to students, support educational institutions, and support research on students’ dietary patterns and factors influencing UPF consumption. Future researchers can examine other populations with different variables and methods. "

"Kegemukan dan obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar usia 7-12 tahun di Indonesia masih tinggi dari waktu ke waktu dan serat pangan terbukti memiliki fungsi baik pada tubuh dengan cara mengontrol berat badan serta mencegah penyakit tidak menular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik subjek, menentukan serat pangan harian subjek, mengetahui skor persentil IMT menurut umur subjek, dan menganalisis hubungan antara serat pangan dengan skor persentil IMT menurut umur sebagai tujuan utama. Subyek yang terpilih sebanyak 153 orang yang mengikuti penelitian SEANUTS II melalui simple random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data sekunder melalui metode cross sectional. Korelasi antara asupan serat pangan terhadap skor persentil IMT menurut umur diharapkan untuk terjadi, sehingga kegemukan, obesitas, dan penyakit tidak menular dapat dicegah pada usia mendatang, akan tetapi faktor lain juga dianalisis terhadap skor persentil IMT untuk usia. Faktor lain terdiri dari umur, jenis kelamin, skor aktivitas fisik, asupan zat gizi makro (karbohidrat, protein, lemak), dan energi. Analisis statistik pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi one-tailed spearman dengan nilai signifikansi p < 0.05 untuk analisis bivariat, dilanjutkan ke analisis multivariat dengan p < 0.2. Uji Mann-Whitney juga digunakan untuk membandingkan variabel kategorik dan numerik dalam analisis bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara asupan serat makanan dan skor persentil BMI-untuk-usia pada anak SD usia 7-12 tahun, namun asupan karbohidrat dan jenis kelamin subjek menunjukkan korelasi terhadap skor persentil IMT-untuk-usia pada anak.

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Overweight and obesity in elementary school children aged 7-12 years in Indonesia still remain high from time to time and dietary fiber is proven to have positive functions by controlling weight and preventing non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study is to describe characteristics of selected subjects, determining daily dietary fiber of subjects, knowing the BMI-for-age percentile score of subjects, and analyzing the correlation between dietary fiber and BMI-for-age percentile score as the main objective. The selected subjects were 153 children who participated in the SEANUTS II study through simple-random sampling. The study used secondary data analysis through a cross sectional method. A correlation between dietary fiber intake towards BMI-for-age percentile score is expected so that overweight, obese, and further non-communicable diseases can be prevented in future time, however other factors are also analysed for BMI- for-age percentile score. Other factors include age, gender, physical activity score, macronutrients intake (carbohydrate, protein, fat), and energy. Statistical analysis used one-tailed Spearman correlation test with significance value p < 0.05 for bivariate analysis, proceeding to multivariate analysis using p < 0.2. Mann-Whitney test is also used to compare categoric and numeric variables in bivariate analysis. Our research shows no correlation between dietary fiber intake and BMI-for-age percentile score in elementary children aged 7-12 years, however carbohydrate intake and gender of subjects showed a significance towards BMI-for-age percentile score. "