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"Graf prisma adalah graf yang bersesuaiandengan kerangkabangun ruangprisma. Hanya graf prismaberarahsiklik dengan pola tertentu yang diperhatikandalam penelitian ini. Graf prismaberarahsiklik dinotasikan 𝑌𝑚(𝑚≥3),di mana 𝑚adalah setengah jumlah simpul,dan memiliki 2𝑚 simpul dan3𝑚busur. Sebuah graf dapat direpresentasikanmenggunakansebuah matriks. Ada beberapa jenis matriks yang biasanya digunakan dalam merepresentasikan graf. Diantaranya adalah matriks adjacency, anti-adjacency, dan Laplacianyang dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Polinomial karakteristik dari matriks adjacency, matriks anti-adjacency, dan matriks Laplaciandari graf prisma berarah siklik 𝑌𝑚diperoleh beserta nilai-nilaieigen real dan kompleksnya. Metode yang digunakan untuk membuktikan hasil-hasil penelitian iniadalah operasi baris matriks dan faktorisasi. Adapununtukpolinomial karakteristik dari matriks anti-adjacency𝑌𝑚, hasilnya dibuktikan dengan mengamati subgraf terinduksi siklik dan asiklik dari 𝑌𝑚berdasarkan sebuah teorema yang ditemukan dalam penelitian sebelumnya.

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A prism graph is a graph which corresponds to the skeleton of a prism. Only directed cyclic prism graphs with certain pattern are considered in this research. The directed cyclic prism graph is denoted 𝑌𝑚(m≥3),where 𝑚is half the number of vertices,and has 2𝑚vertices and 3𝑚edges.Agraph can be represented by usinga matrix. There are several types of matrices that are usually used in representing a graph. Among them aretheadjacency, anti-adjacency, and Laplacianmatriceswhich are discussedinthis research. The characteristic polynomialsof theadjacency matrix,theanti-adjacency matrix, and the Laplacian matrix of directed cyclic prism graph 𝑌𝑚are obtainedas well as their real and complex eigenvalues. The methods used toprovethe results are matrix row operations and factorizations.As for the characteristic polynomial of the anti-adjacency matrix of 𝑌𝑚, the results are proved byobserving the both cyclic and acyclic induced subgraphs of 𝑌𝑚according to a theorem invented in a previous research"

"Suatu graf berarah sederhana , dengan simpul dan busur dapat direpresentasikan dalam bentuk matriks antiadjacency, yaitu matriks , dengan adalah matriks adjacency dari graf berarah sederhana dan adalah matriks yang berukuran , dengan semua entrinya bernilai 1. Pada tesis ini diberikan beberapa sifat nilai eigen matriks antiadjacency dari graf berarah sederhana dan sifat nilai eigen pada beberapa kelas graf berarah sederhana, yaitu graf bipartit lengkap berarah, graf lintasan lengkap berarah, graf lingkaran berarah, graf korona berarah dan graf lengkap berarah.

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A simple graph , with vertices and edges can be represented as an antiadjacency matrix , where is an adjacency matrix of a simple directed graph and is an matrix, with all of the entries are 1. In this thesis, a study on some properties of the eigenvalues of the antiadjacency matrix of a simple directed graph as well as for some classes of simple directed graphs is carried out. The classes of simple directed graphs being explored are complete bipartite directed graphs, complete path directed graphs, cycle directed graphs, corona directed graphs and complete directed graphs."

"Graf Cayley dari grup Γ dengan himpunan penghubung S ⊆ Γ, dinyatakan sebagai Cay(Γ, S), adalah graf dengan himpunan simpul elemen-elemen Γ dan himpunan busur yang berisi busur xy yang memenuhi x · y −1 ∈ S untuk setiap x, y ∈ S. Matriks antiketetanggaan adalah salah satu cara representasi graf. Pada penelitian ini, diselidiki nilai eigen matriks antiketetanggaan graf Cay(Zn, S), dengan S ⊆ Zn − {0}. Untuk meneliti sifat nilai eigen matriks antiketetanggaan Cay(Zn, S), digunakan sifat nilai eigen matriks sirkulan. Dari bentuk umum nilai eigen matriks sirkulan, diturunkan sifat-sifat nilai eigen matriks antiketetangggaan Cay(Zn, S), dengan berbagai variasi himpunan S. Selain itu, diselidiki relasi nilai eigen matriks antiketetanggaan Cay(Zn, S) dengan matriks representasi graf Cayley Zn lainnya

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Cayley graph of group Γ with a connection set S ⊆ Γ, denoted by Cay(Γ, S), is a graph with Γ as vertex set and arcs set consisting of xy for all x, y ∈ Γ such that x · y −1 ∈ S . Antiadjacency matrix is one way of representing a graph. In this research, we investigate the properties of the eigenvalues of antiadjacency matrix of graph Cay(Zn, S). To find the eigenvalues of antiadjacency matrix of Cay(Zn, S), we use the properties of eigenvalues of circulant matrices. From this, the properties of eigenvalues of antiadjacency matrix of Cay(Zn, S), with arbitrary S, is derived. The relation between eigenvalues of antiadjacency matrix of Cay(Zn, S) and other matrix representations of Cayley graph of Zn is also explained."

"Suatu graf berarah dapat direpresentasikan dengan beberapa matriks representasi, seperti matriks adjacency, anti-adjacency, in-degree laplacian, dan out-degree aplacian. Dalam paper ini dibahas polinomial karakteristik dan nilai-nilai eigen dari matriks adjacency, anti-adjacency in-degree laplacian, dan out-degree Laplacian graf matahari berarah siklik. Bentuk umum polinomial karakteristik dari matriks adjacency graf matahari berarah siklik dapat diperoleh dengan menghitung jumlah nilai determinan matriks adjacency subgraf terinduksi siklik dari graf tersebut. Kemudian polinomial karakteristik dari matriks anti-adjacency dapat dicari dengan menghitung jumlah nilai determinan matriks anti-adjacency subgraf terinduksi siklik dan subgraf terinduksi asiklik dari graf matahari berarah siklik. Selanjutnya bentuk umum polinomial karakteristik dari matriks in-degree Laplacian dan out-degree Laplacian dicari dengan menggunakan ekspansi kofaktor matriks-matriks tersebut. Nilai-nilai eigen dari matriks adjacency, matriks anti-adjacency, matriks in-degree Laplacian dan matriks out-degree Laplacian dapat berupa bilangan riil dan bilangan kompleks yang dapat dicari dengan pemfaktoran polinomial karakteristik dengan menggunakan metode Horner ataupun dengan menggunakan bentuk eksponensial dari bilangan kompleks.

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A directed graph can be represented by several matrix representations, such as adjacency matrix, anti-adjacency matrix, in-degree Laplacian matrix, and out-degree Laplacian matrix. In this paper we discuss the general form of characteristic polynomials and eigenvalues of adjacency matrix, anti-adjacency matrix,  in-degree Laplacian matrix, and out-degree Laplacian of directed cyclic sun graph. The general form of the characteristic polynomials of adjacency matrix can be found out by counting the sum of the determinant of adjacency matrix of directed cyclic induced subgraphs from directed cyclic sun graph. Furthermore, the general form of the characteristic polynomials of anti-adjacency matrix can be found out by counting the sum of the determinant of anti-adjacency matrix of the directed cyclic induced subgraphs and the directed acyclic induced subgraphs from directed cyclic sun graph. Moreover, the general form of the characteristic polynomials of in-degree Laplacian and out-degree Laplacian matrix can be found by using the cofactor expansion of those matrices. The eigenvalues of the adjacency, anti-adjacency, in-degree Laplacian, and out-degree Laplacian can be real or complex numbers, which can be figured out by factoring the characteristic polynomials using horner method or the exponential form of the complex numbers."

"Sebuah graf berarah dapat direpresentasikan kedalam beberapa macam bentuk matriks, salah satunya adalah dengan matriks anti-adjacency. Matriks anti-adjacency merupakan sebuah matriks dimana entri-entri dari matriks ini dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai ada atau tidaknya busur berarah dari suatu simpul ke simpul lainnya. Paper ini akan berfokus pada matriks anti-adjacency dari gabungan graf lingkaran berarah. Matriks anti-adjacency adalah sebuah matriks persegi, oleh sebab itu dapat dicari persamaan karakteristik serta nilai eigen dari matriks tersebut. Untuk mencari bentuk umum persamaan karakteristik matriks anti-adjacency dari gabungan graf lingkaran berarah diperoleh dengan cara menghitung nilai determinan dan banyaknya subgraf-subgraf terinduksi pada setiap grafnya. Dengan mencari akar-akar dari bentuk umum persamaan karakteristik matriks anti-adjacency dari gabungan graf lingkaran berarah tersebut, maka akan didapatkan nilai eigen dari graf tersebut.

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A graph could be represented as a matrix in many ways, one of which is an anti-adjacency matrix. Anti-adjacency matrix is a matrix whose entries shows whether there is a directed edge from a vertex to another one. This paper focuses on the anti-adjacency matrix of the union of directed cycle graphs. Anti-adjacency matrix is a square matrix, where we could find its characteristic polynomial and eigenvalues. The general form of characteristic polynomial can be found by counting the values of the determinants and the numbers of the cyclic induced subgraphs. Furthermore, the eigenvalues of the union of directed cycle graphs are derived from the general form of its characteristic polynomial."