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"Summary:Examines how laws and regulations in the UK and abroad are applied to Shari'a products and services. This book includes explanation of terms and definitions and looks the legal nature of the Shari'a, in addition to a crucial review of how Islamic financial business is regulated and its practical application within the UK."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap kemiskinan energi rumah tangga di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data Susenas dan Pendataan Potensi Desa (Podes) tahun 2018. Variabel kemiskinan energi diukur menggunakan konsep deprivasi serta pendekatan multidimensional yang disusun dari lima dimensi dan enam indikator, yaitu: bahan bakar utama memasak, polusi udara dalam ruangan, penerangan, kepemilikian peralatan rumah tangga, dan perangkat penunjang layanan dasar seperti pendidikan, hiburan, dan komunikasi. Variabel inklusi keuangan juga diukur menggunakan pendekatan multidimensional berdasarkan aksesbilitas rumah tangga terhadap layanan keuangan meliputi akses ke lembaga keuangan seperti bank, kredit, dan asuransi. Estimasi pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap kemiskinan energi dilakukan dengan metode Two Stage Least Square (2SLS), menggunakan jarak rumah tangga ke fasilitas keuangan terdekat sebagai variabel instrumen untuk mengatasi masalah endogenitas dalam menjelaskan hubungan kausal antara inklusi keuangan dan kemiskinan energi rumah tangga. Dalam studi ini, salah satu mekanisme potensial yang digunakan adalah melalui pendapatan perkapita rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum inklusi keuangan berdampak negatif terhadap kemiskinan energi. Aksesbilitas rumah tangga terhadap layanan keuangan berkontribusi dalam mengurangi kecenderungan rumah tangga mengalami kondisi miskin energi.

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This study aims to examines the effect of financial inclusion on household energy poverty in Indonesia. This study uses data from the Susenas and Village Potential Data Collection (Podes) in 2018. The energy poverty variable is measured using deprivation concept and multidimensional approached with five dimensions and six indicators. These five dimensions are cooking, lighting, connected household appliance, entertainment/education and communication. Financial inclusion also be measured using multidimensional approached based on household acces to financial institution like acces to bank, loans, and insurance. Estimation of financial inclusion effect on energy poverty using Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method with distance to nearest financial institutions as instrument variable (IV) to overcome endogenity issue in causal relationship between financial inclusion and energy poverty . In this study, income per capita is employed as potential channel through which financial inclusion can influence energy poverty. Overall, we find that financial inclusion has a negative effect on household energy poverty. Household’s accesbility to financial institution services contribute to reduce household vulnerability to energy poverty."

"AbstrakIn order to increase access to formal financial institutions, the Indonesian government has issued various national strategies. However, Indonesia inclusive financial index is still under other ASEAN countries. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the factors that influence financial inclusion in Indonesia. The microdata from global findex 2014 was carried out in this study by using binary logistic regression analysis. The finding indicates that there is a significant positive relationship between individual characteristics, including financial inclusion, constraints to financial inclusion, utilization of financial services motivation, and loan sources. Since the main targets of financial inclusion are the poor, this finding becomes an essential proposition for policies in the banking sector, that besides the factors of gender, age, education, and type of jobs, income is the primary factor that influences access and utilization of financial services. Mainly regarding loans, increased income will increase the opportunities of the poor to getting loans because only high-income groups have collateral in applying for loans."