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"Dalam penelitian ini nanopartikel Bi2O3, nanopartikel Fe2O3, dan nanobimetal oksida BiFeO3 telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan metode green synthesis dengan ekstrak daun okra. Kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam ekstrak daun okra seperti alkaloid digunakan sebagai agen penghidrolisa (sumber basa lemah -OH), sedangkan saponin dan flavonoid digunakan sebagai agen penstabil (capping agent). Hasil sintesis nanobimetal oksida BiFeO3 selanjutnya dikarakterisasi menggunakan UV-Vis RS, FTIR, XRD, SEM, dan TEM. Hasil karakterisasi TEM dari nanobimetal oksida BiFeO3 menunjukkan morfologi spherical dan cenderung beraglomerasi. Hasil karakterisasi TEM dari nanobimetal oksida BiFeO3 memiliki struktur kristal rhombhohedral dengan rata-rata ukuran kristal sebesar 14, 55 nm. Selanjutnya hasil karakterisasi UV-Vis DRS dari nanopartikel Bi2O3, nanopartikel Fe2O3, dan nanobimetal oksida BiFeO3 memiliki nilai energi bandgap berturut-turut 2,87 eV, 2,11 eV, dan 2,00 eV. Aktivitas fotokatalitik nanobimetal oksida BiFeO3 dalam mendegradasi methylene blue lebih baik dibandingkan dengan nanopartikel Bi2O3 dan nanopartikel Fe2O3 dengan persen degradasi berturut0turut sebesar 94,04 %, 67,11 %, dan 80,44 %. Kinetika fotodegradasi terhadap methylene blue menggunakan fotokatalis BiFeO3 mengikuti kinetika reaksi orde pseudo 1.

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In this research, Bi2O3 nanoparticles, Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and BiFeO3 nanobimetallic oxide have been successfully synthesized using green synthesis method with okra leaf extract. The content of secondary metabolites contained in okra leaf extracts such as alkaloids is used as a hydrolyzing agent (weak base source -OH), while saponins and flavonoids are used as stabilizing agents (capping agents). The results of the synthesis of BiFeO3 nanobimetallic oxide were then characterized using UV-Vis RS, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The results of TEM characterization of BiFeO3 nanobimetallic oxide show spherical morphology and tend to agglomerate. The results of TEM characterization of BiFeO3 nanobimetallic oxide have a rhombhohedral crystal structure with an average crystal size of 14.55 nm. Furthermore, the results of UV-Vis DRS characterization from Bi2O3 nanoparticles, Fe2O3 nanoparticles, and BiFeO3 nanobimetallic oxide have bandgap energy values respectively 2.87 eV, 2.11 eV and 2.00 eV. The photocatalytic activity of BiFeO3 nanobimetallic oxide in degrading methylene blue is better than that of Bi2O3 nanoparticles and Fe2O3 nanoparticles with percent degradation of 94.04%, 67.11%, and 80.44%, respectively. The kinetics of photodegradation against methylene blue using BiFeO3 photocatalysts follow the kinetics of first-order pseudo reaction."

"Cerium Orthovanadate (CeVO4) sebagai fotokatalitik yang aktif pada daerah sinar tampak berhasil disintesis secara hidrotermal green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak daun kasingsat (Senna occidentalis (L.) Link). Tanaman kasingsat (Senna occidentalis (L.) Link), merupakan tanaman perdu yang memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang berperan sebagai sumber basa lemah dan capping agent dalam pembentukan nanopartikel. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia secara kualitatif dan karakterisasi FT-IR ekstrak daun kasingsat jalur 1, ekstraksi menggunakan air (EDK 1) dan jalur 2 ekstraksi menggunakan metanol (EDK 2) mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid dan polifenol. Nanopartikel CeO2 dan V2O5 disintesis secara hidrotermal green synthesis sebagai material pembanding menggunakan (EDK 1 dan EDK 2). Hasil karakterisasi nanopartikel CeO2, V2O5, CeVO4 dengan XRD menunjukkan kristalinitas tinggi dengan puncak difraksi 2Ɵ telah sesuai dengan database JCPDS pada masing-masing material. Karakterisasi menggunakan UV-Vis DRS menunjukan nilai energi celah pita dibawah 3 eV. Karakterisasi menggunakan FESEM EDS pada CeVO4-H-1 dan CeVO4-H-2 memiliki morfologi yang tidak seragam dan beragregasi, serta karakterisasi TEM menunjukkan diameter rata-rata ukuran partikel CeVO4-H-2 sebesar 79,20 + 12,65 nm. Hasil fotodegradasi nanopartikel CeVO4-H-2 terhadap degradasi zat warna malasit hijau di bawah sinar tampak selama 120 menit menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik sebesar 95,62% dibandingkan dengan nanopartikel CeVO4-H-1 78,80%. Laju reaksi fotodegradasi mengikuti kinetika pseudo orde dua pada CeVO4-H-2 dengan nilai konstanta laju 27,83 x 103 M-1 min-1

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Cerium Orthovanadate (CeVO4) as a visible light driven photocatalytic was successfully synthesized by green synthesis using kasingsat leave extract (Senna occidentalis (L.) Link). Senna occidentalis (L.) Link), is shrubs that contains secondary metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenols). The secondary metabolites in kasingsat leave extract (EDK) has a role as sources of a weak base and capping agent in synthesis of nanoparticles. Phytochemical qualitative analysis of first pathway extraction with water (EDK 1) and second pathway extraction with metanol (EDK 2) indicated that the component of the secondary metabolite compounds consisted of alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenols. CeO2 and V2O5 nanoparticles were synthesized as comparison material using kasingsat leaf extract (EDK 1 and EDK 2). Characterization of CeO2, V2O5 and CeVO4 with XRD showed high crystallinity with a diffraction peak of 2Ɵ in accordance with the JCPDS database on each material. Characterization using UV-Vis DRS showed band gap energy values below 3 eV. Morphology of the synthesized CeVO4 was examined by FESEM technique at several magnification agglomerated particles of CeVO4-H-1 and CeVO4-H-2. The investigation of particle size CeVO4-H-2 using TEM revealed the average diameter of 79,20 + 12,65 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the nanomaterials was investigated for the degradation of malachite green (MG) under 120 min of visible-light irradiation. CeVO4-H-2 nanoparticle show the best photodegradation activity with 95,62% compared with CeVO4-H-1 (78,80%). MG photodegradation reaction follows the kinetics of pseudo-second order with the rate constant of 27,83 x 103 M-1 min-1 for CeVO4-H-2."

"Campuran Oksida Seng/Titanium Dioksida/Oksida Tembaga (ZnO/TiO2/CuO) dengan lima variasi rasio molar CuO disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) dan UV-visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV- DRS). Aktivitas fotokatalitik diamati menggunakan larutan metilen biru (MB) di bawah pemaparan sinar Ultraviolet (UV) dan cahaya tampak dengan metal oksida ZnO/TiO2 sebagai pembanding. Hasil aktivitas fotokatalitik menunjukkan sampel dengan rasio molar CuO sebesar 0.5 dapat mendegradasi lebih baik di bawah paparan sinar UV dan cahaya tampak. Kondisi optimum aktivitas fotokatalitik didapatkan pada kondisi pH 13, dosis fotokatalis 0.2 g/L dan konsentrasi awal MB 20 mg/L baik di bawah paparan sinar UV maupun cahaya tampak.

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Zinc Oxide/Titanium Dioxide/Copper Oxide (ZnO/TiO2/CuO) metal oxide mixture with five various CuO molar ratio were synthesized using sol-gel method and were characterized by Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Ultraviolet- visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). Photocatalytic activities were observed by using methylene blue (MB) solution under Ultraviolet (UV) light and visible light irradiation using photocatalytic activity of ZnO/TiO2 metal oxide mixture as comparison. The result shows sample with 0.5 ratio molar of CuO have higher degradation capability on both UV light and visible light irradiation. Photocatalytic activity optimum condition were obtained at pH 13, 0.2 g/L of photocatalyst and 20 mg/L of MB initial concentration."

"Metilen biru merupakan limbah industri yang menjadi perhatian penting karena warnanya yang susah terdegradasi. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan nanopartikel ZnO termodifikasi Au ZnO-Au NPs sebagai fotodegradasi metilen biru. ZnO-Au NPs disintesis menggunakan bahan yang ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan memanfaatkan daun ilalang Imperata cylindrica L yang difungsikan sebagai sumber basa, reduktor sekaligus capping agent. Proses terbentuknya nanopartikel ZnO-Au dianalisis menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer UV-Vis Ultraviolet-visible , DRS Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, PSA Particle Size Analyzer, PZC Potential Zeta Charge, FTIR Fourier Transform Infra Red, XRD X-ray Diffraction, SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy, EDS Energy Dispersive X-ray dan TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy. Sintesis Nanopartikel Au pada cahaya ruang menggunakan prekursor HAuCl4 7x10-4 M dan konsentrasi ekstrak 3,46 menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik dengan puncak absorbansi 1,779 dan stabil selama 40 hari. Berdasarkan hasil XRD didapatkan ukuran kristalit AuNPs sebesar 14,47 nm. Hasil TEM menunjukkan kehomogenan dengan partikel berbentuk kubus. Ukuran partikel dari PZC yaitu -18,2 mV dan adanya peregeseran puncak serapan dari bilangan gelombang 3356 cm-1 menjadi 3394 cm-1 menandakan adanya interaksi terbentuknya nanopartikel Au.

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Methylene blue is critical industrial waste because its color is difficult to degrade. In this research, Au modified ZnO nanoparticles ZnO Au NPs was used for methylene blue photodegradation. ZnO Au NPs was synthesized using environmental friendly substance that is Imperata cylindrica L leaf extract, which has the role of base source, reduction and capping agent. The formation of ZnO Au NPs was analyzed using UV Vis spectrophotometer Ultraviolet visible , DRS Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, PSA Particle Size Analyzer, PZC Potential Zeta Charge, FTIR Fourier Transform Infra Red, XRD X ray Diffraction, SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy, EDS Energy Dispersive X ray and TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy. Au nanoparticles synthesized at room condition using HAuCl4 7x10 4 M precursor and 3,46 leaf extract, showed the best result with the absorbance peak of 1,768 and was stable for 40 days. AuNP crystallite size of 14.47 nm was characterized using XRD. TEM showed, the homogenity of the particles have cubic shaped. PZC showed 18,2 mV and the band shift from 3356 cm 1 to 3394 cm 1 showed, the interaction due to Au NPs formation. "

"ABSTRAKNanomaterial Bi2O3-WO3 disintesis menggunakan ekstrak daun yodium Jatropha multifida yang mengandung alkaloid sebagai sumber basa dan saponin sebagai surfaktan alami. Nanopartikel hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan X-ray diffraction XRD , Fourier transform infrared FTIR , PSA, Spektrofotometer UV-Visible UV-Vis , Scanning electron microscope SEM , dan Transmission electron microscopy TEM . Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa Bi2O3 memiliki struktur kristal monoklinik, WO3 memiliki struktur kristal triklinik, dan nanomaterial Bi2O3-WO3 memiliki struktur tetragonal. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi TEM, nanomaterial Bi2O3-WO3 memiliki ukuran 45,58 nm dengan energi band gap sebesar 2,86 eV. Aplikasi aktivitas fotokatalitik malachite green diamati pada daerah sinar tampak. Persentase degradasi malachite green dengan nanopartikel Bi2O3, WO3, dan nanomaterial Bi2O3-WO3 masing-masing adalah 9,24 ; 30,59 ; dan 94,79 selama 2 jam waktu penyinaran.

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ABSTRACTSynthesis nanomaterials Bi2O3 WO3 was succesfully performed using yodium leaf extract Jatropha multifida with alkaloid for a base source and saponin as biosurfactant. The synthesized nanoparticles and nanomaterials were characterized with X ray diffraction XRD , Fourier transform infrared FTIR , PSA, Spectrophotometry UV Visible UV Vis , Scanning electron microscope SEM , and Transmission electron microscopy TEM . Characterization with XRD shows that nanoparticles Bi2O3 have a monoclinic cyrstal structure, WO3 have a triclinic cyrstal structure, and nanomaterials Bi2O3 WO3 have a tetragonal cyrstal structure. Based on TEM characterization, size of nanomaterials Bi2O3 WO3 is 45.58 nm with band gap energy of 2.86 eV. Activity photocatalytic of application malachite green were observed using visible light radiation. Percentage of degradation malachite green with nanoparticles Bi2O3, WO3, Bi2O3 WO3 nanomaterials were 9.24 30.59 and 94.79 for 2 hours."

"Perkembangan metode sintesis nanopartikel merupakan salah satu bidang yang menarik minat banyak peneliti. Salah satunya metode antarfasa cair-cair. Sintesis ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan yang ramah lingkungan karena memanfaatkan ekstrak tanaman. Daun kelor merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki metabolid sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensisntesis nanokomposit ZnO-Co3O4 menggunakan ekstrak daun kelor Moringa oliefera dari sistem duafasa heksana ndash;air dan aktivitas fotodegredasi Methylene Blue. Nanokomposit ZnO-Co3O4 hasil sintesis selanjutnya dikarakterisasi menggunakan UV-Vis-DRS, Spektrofotometer FTIR, TEM, SEM-EDX, XRD dan PSA untuk mngetahui morfologi dan struktur kristal dari nanokomposit tersebut. Nilai band-gap nanokomposit ZnO-Co3O4 sebesar 2,3 eV dengan distribusi ukuran partikel sekitar 86,98 nm dengan pengukuran PSA. Morfologi menggunakan SEM memperlihatkan bulatan kecil-kecil. Pada bilangan gelombang 479,9; 591,0; dan 675,0 cm-1 dari spectra FTIR memperlihatkan vibrasi Zn-O, Co-O menandakan terbentuknya nanokomposit ZnO-Co3O4. ZnO-Co3O4 aktivitas fotodegradasi terhadap MB di bawah sinar visible sebesar 99,0 selama 120 menit.

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The development of nanoparticle synthesis method is one of the fields that attract many researchers. One of them is liquid liquid phase method.This method is friendly in environmental because it uses plant extract. Moringa leaf is one of the plants that has secondary metabolite. This study aims to synthesize ZnO Co3O4 nanocomposites using Moringa oliefera leaf extract from hexane water two phases system and photodegredation activity of Methylene Blue. The synthesis of ZnO Co3O4 nanocomposites are further characterized using UV Vis DRS, FTIR Spectrophotometer, TEM, SEM EDX, XRD and PSA to determine the morphology and crystal structure of the nanocomposite. The ZnO Co3O4 nanocomposite band gap value is 2.3 eV with a particle size distribution about 86.98 nm using PSA. The morphology of nanocomposite shows small spheres. The FTIR spectra exhibites vibration Zn O, Co O signaling the formation of ZnO Co3O4 nanocomposites at wave number 479.9 591.0 and 675,0 cm 1 respectively. ZnO Co3O4 photodegradation activity against methylene blue under visible light is 99.0 for 120 minutes."

"Limbah zat warna merupakan salah satu kontributor terbesar dalam terjadinya polusi air. Degradasi limbah zat warna menggunakan suatu fotokatalis perlu dilakukan untuk menangani permasalahan limbah tersebut. CuBi2O4 dan CuO merupakan suatu semikonduktor tipe-p berbasis oksida logam yang memiliki celah pita sempit, menunjukkan respons yang sangat baik terhadap cahaya tampak, dan dapat digunakan sebagai fotokatalis. Akan tetapi, kedua  material tersebut menunjukkan aktivitas fotokatalitik yang buruk akibat laju rekombinasi pasangan elektron dan hole yang cepat, sehingga sintesis material heterojunction dilakukan untuk mengatasi kekurangan ini. Komposit CuBi2O4/CuO disintesis dengan berbagai variasi rasio massa CuBi2O4:CuO (1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1) menggunakan metode grinding annealing. Lebih lanjut, CuBi2O4/CuO CuBi2O4, dan CuO yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan instrumen XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis DRS, dan TEM. CuBi2O4 dan CuO menunjukkan celah pita sebesar 1,76 eV dan 1,55 eV. Perubahan nilai energi celah pita teramati ketika modifikasi dilakukan, yakni 1,73 eV, 1,70 eV, dan 1,59 eV. Pengujian aktivitas fotokatalitik terhadap metilen biru di bawah cahaya tampak selama 180 menit menunjukkan bahwa sintesis CuBi2O4/CuO efisien dalam meningkatkan aktivitas fotokatalitiknya dengan persentase degradasi sebesar 81,1%. Sedangkan CuO dan CuBi2O4 masing-masing menunjukkan persentase degradasi sebesar 73,3% dan 64,2%.

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Dye waste is one of the biggest contributors to water pollution. Degradation of dye waste using a photocatalyst needs to be done to deal with this waste problem. CuBi2O4 and CuO are metal oxide-based p-type semiconductors that have a narrow band gap, responsive to visible light, and can be used as photocatalysts material. Synthesis of CuBi2O4 and CuO using solvothermal and hydrothermal methods was successfully carried out which was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, TEM, and UV-Vis DRS. CuBi2O4 and CuO show bandgap energy 1.76 eV and 1.55 eV, respectively. However, both materials exhibit poor photocatalytic performance due to the fast recombination rate of electron-hole pairs, so that the synthesis of heterojunction materials was carried out to overcome this deficiency. CuBi2O4/CuO composite was synthesis by grinding annealing method using various CuBi2O4:CuO mass ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1). Furthermore, CuBi2O4/CuO composite were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis DRS, and TEM. Changes in the value of the band gap energy observed when modifications were made to 1.73 eV, 1.70 eV and 1.59 eV. The heterojunction CuBi2O4/CuO showed an enhanced photocatalytic performance with 81,1% removal of methylene blue within 180 min of visible light irradiation, compared to the results obtained with the pristine materials. While CuO and CuBi2O4 only showed 73,3% and 64,2% removal of methylene blue within 180 min of visible light irradiation."

"Nanohybrid iron oxide titanium dioxide copper oxide dengan tiga variasi molar 1 1 1 1 3 1 dan 1 5 1 telah disintesis menggunakan metode sol gel Pengukuran X Ray Diffraction XRD Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy FESEM Energy Dispersive X rays EDX UV Vis Spectroscopy dan Vibrating Sample Magnetometer VSM digunakan untuk menentukan sifat struktur morfologi nilai energy gap optik dan sifat magnetik dari sampel nanohybrid Pengujian aktivitas fotokatalitik sampel nanohybrid dilakukan dengan mengamati degradasi warna methylene blue MB dibawah pemaparan cahaya ultraviolet dan tampak Hasil menunjukkan keberadaan copper oxide seiring dengan peningkatan rasio molar titanium dioxide mempengaruhi aktivitas fotokatalitik nanohybrid Nanohybrid dengan rasio molar 1 5 1 menunjukkan aktivitas fotokatalitik yang paling baik untuk pemaparan dengan cahaya ultraviolet sedangkan untuk pemaparan dengan cahaya tampak didapatkan dengan rasio molar 1 1 1 Selain itu fotokatalis nanohybird dapat dipisahkan setelah proses reaksi menggunakan magnet eksternal Penambahan scavenger menunjukkan hole memiliki peranan penting dalam proses degradasi methylene blue

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Iron oxide titanium dioxide copper oxide nanohybrids with three different molar ratios 1 1 1 1 3 1 and 1 5 1 were successfully prepared by sol gel method X Ray Diffraction XRD Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy FESEM Energy Dispersive X rays EDX UV ndash Vis spectroscopy and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer VSM techniques were employed to determine the structure morphology optical gap energy and magnetic properties of the as prepared samples Photocatalytic examination of the nanohybrids was carried out using aqueous solution of methylene blue MB under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation The results demonstrate that the increase molar ratio of titanium dioxide and the addition of copper oxide to iron oxide titanium dioxide cooper oxide has remarkable influence on the photocatalytic activity The nanohybrids with 1 5 1 molar ratio has superior activity in degradation of MB under ultraviolet light while under visible light the maximum degradation is reached by sample with molar ratio 1 1 1 Furthermore the photocatalysts can be separated from the reaction system simply by applying an external magnetic Active species on photocatalytic activity were investigated by measuring the photocatalytic degradation in the presence of scavenger The results suggested that holes play the most important role in degradation of methylene blue."

"Sintesis nanopartikel Sm2O3 menggunakan prekursor Sm NO3 3.6H2O dengan ekstrak daun brotowali Tinospora crispa yang berperan sebagai sumber basa telah berhasil dilakukan. Penambahan ekstrak daun brotowali dalam sintesis Sm OH 3 optimum pada konsentrasi 0,12 w/v yang menghasilkan spektrum absorbsi UV-Vis tertinggi pada panjang gelombang maksimum 318 nm. Karakterisasi dengan TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy menunjukkan Sm2O3 NPs memiliki ukuran sebesar 10-15 nm dengan bentuk batang. Hasil karakterisasi SEM Scanning Electron Microscope menunjukkan Sm2O3 NPs memiliki morfologi berpori. Hasil karakterisasi XRD X-ray Diffraction Sm2O3 NPs memiliki fase kubik dengan Indeks Miller 222, 400, 440, dan 622. Hasil karakterisasi UV-Vis DRS Diffuse Refectance Spectroscopy menunjukkan Sm2O3 NPs hasil sintesis memiliki band gap 3,24 eV. Aplikasi Sm2O3 NPs pada uji fotodegradasi metilen biru di bawah sinar UV menunjukkan penurunan absorbansi pada panjang gelombang maksimum 664 nm dengan persen reduksi mencapai 57,52 selama 60 menit.

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The synthesis of Sm2O3 nanoparticle using Sm NO3 3.6H2O precursor with brotowali leaf extract Tinospora crispa which act as base sources has been done. The optimum concentration of brotowali leaf extract in synthesis Sm OH 3 is 0.12 w v which gives highest absorbance at 318 nm. The characterization using TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy shows that Sm2O3 NPs having 10 15 nm rod particle and porous morphology that identified by SEM Scanning Electron Microscope. The characterization using XRD X ray Diffraction give the result of NPs have cubic crystal phase with Miller Index 222, 400, 440, and 622. The result of characterization by UV Vis DRS Diffuse Refectance Spectroscopy shows that Sm2O3 NPs having 3.24 eV band gap. The application of Sm2O3 NPs on photodegradation test of methylene blue under the light of UV results in decreasing of absorbance with maximum wavelength 664 nm and 57.52 percent of reduction within 60 minutes. "

"Nanopartikel oksida seng (ZnO) yang diberi dopan kromium (Cr) dan penambahan 10 % montmorillonite (MMT) disintesis dengan metode kopresipitasi untuk empat variasi persen atom Cr. Nanopartikel dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance (UV-Vis) dan Electronic Spin Resonance (ESR). Pengujian aktivitas fotokatalitik dilakukan menggunakan model polutan methylene blue dengan paparan sinar UV. Penambahan montmorillonite dan dopan Cr pada ZnO dapat meningkatkan degradasi methylene blue dengan Cr doped ZnO/MMT 10 at.% menunjukkan degradasi maksimum dengan kondisi optimum dosis fotokatalis 0.7 g/L dan konsenstrasi larutan 20 mg/L. Spesies dominan pada aktivitas fotokatalitik adalah hole dan OH● berturut-turut.

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Chromium (Cr) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with 10% montmorillonite (MMT) addition were synthesized by co-precipitation method for four chrome atomic percentage variations. Samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance (UV-Vis) and Electronic Spin Resonance (ESR). Photocatalytic were evaluated using methylene blue under UV light irradiation. MMT addition and Cr dopant to ZnO nanoparticles enhance methylene blue degradation with the optimum conditions are 0.7 g/L of nanoparticle and 20 mg/L of methylene blue initial concentration. Hole and OH● were identified as dominant species of photocatalytic activity."