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Jaringan seluler merupakan teknologi yang terus berkembang karena terus meningkatnya kebutuhan pengguna. Kebutuhan ini mendorong lahirnya 5G yang diharapkan dapat mendukung Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), dan Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (uRLLC). Dalam mendukung aplikasi ini dibutuhkan kecepatan pengiriman data yang tinggi terutama pada jaringan fronthaul untuk mendukung akses radio ke pengguna. Teknologi bidirectional radio over fiber pada gelombang milimeter memiliki prospek tinggi bagi jaringan 5G fronthaul, namun terjadinya dispersi data menjadi hambatan dalam memperoleh kinerja sistem yang optimal. Penelitian ini merancang sistem bidirectional radio over fiber dan melakukan optimasi sistem dengan dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). Penelitian mengamati kinerja sistem pada variasi jarak dan bit rate dengan menganalisis parameter Bit Error Rate (BER) dan Q Factor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada rancangan sistem bidirectional Radio over Fiber skema downstream mencapai standar pada jarak 1-2 km dengan peak bit rate 16 Gbps, sedangkan skema upstream mencapai standar pada jarak 1-4 km dengan peak bit rate 16 Gbps. Sementara itu, rancangan sistem bidirectional Radio over Fiber dengan penambahan DCF, menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas sinyal sebesar 150% pada skema downstream dan peningkatan 140% pada skema upstream, dengan memenuhi standar pada jarak 1-15 km dengan peak bit rate 16 Gbps.

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The cellular network continues to grow due to the increasing needs of users. Recently, the 5G network has offered not only higher capacity mobile broadband known as Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) but also Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (uRLLC). These promising applications require high data transfer, especially in fronthaul networks, to support radio access to users. The millimeter wave-based bidirectional Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology is prospective for 5G fronthaul due to its reliable link performance. However, dispersion has become an issue in obtaining an optimum performance in desired distances. This research designs a bidirectional radio over fiber system and studies a dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) optimization. The system is analyzed with Bit Error Rate (BER) and Q Factor parameters by varying distances and bit rates. The bidirectional Radio over Fiber system achieves the standard at 1-2 km with a peak bit rate of 16 Gbps for the downstream scheme, while the upstream scheme achieves the standard at 1-4 km with a peak bit rate of 16 Gbps. Moreover, the bidirectional Radio over Fiber system with DCF shows a 150% increase in signal quality for the downstream scheme and a 140% increase for the upstream scheme by meeting the standards at 1-15 km with a peak bit rate of 16 Gbps.

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"Pada tahun 2020, teknologi jaringan generasi terbaru (5G) telah digunakan di enam puluh negara di seluruh dunia. Namun, Indonesia secara resmi menyambut era 5G pada tahun 2021, yang relatif terlambat dibandingkan dengan beberapa negara lain. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki penerimaan pengguna terhadap layanan 5G di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengembangkan kerangka kerja Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) yang diperluas dengan memasukkan faktor eksternal. Pengumpulan data melibatkan penyebaran kuesioner berupa Google Form kepada pengguna 5G di seluruh Indonesia, dan data kuesioner yang diperoleh telah melalui pengolahan data dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan metode Partial List Square – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS – SEM). Hasil dan temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah Perceived Skill Readiness (PSR), Perceived Enjoyment (PEN), Perceived Interactivity (PI) tidak memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Intention to Use 5G (INT). Tetapi untuk variable Perceived Ease of Use (PEoU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), dan Perceived Resources (PRe) memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Intention to Use 5G (INT). Untuk variable Perceived Risk (PRi) tidak memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Intention to Use 5G (INT), hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa persepsi pengguna terhadap adanya resiko dalam menggunakan jaringan 5G, seperti masalah keamanan, privasi, atau efek pemborosan kuota dan daya tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi atau menghambat niat mereka dalam mengadopsi dan menggunakan jaringan 5G. Menurut hasil pengamatan penulis, pengguna 5G lebih cenderung melihat manfaat dan kegunaan teknologi 5G dibandingkan dengan risikonya. Operator seluler dapat memperhatikan persebaran infrastruktur, memperhatikan untuk selalu menyediakan layanan 5G dengan faktor-faktor seperti kecepatan internet yang lebih tinggi, latensi rendah, konektivitas yang andal, dan kemampuan untuk mendukung aplikasi dan layanan yang canggih dapat meningkatkan persepsi kegunaan dan mempengaruhi niat pengguna untuk menggunakan jaringan 5G.

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By 2020, next-generation network technology (5G) will have been deployed in sixty countries around the world. However, Indonesia officially welcomed the 5G era in 2021, which is relatively late compared to some other countries. This paper aims to investigate user acceptance of 5G services in Indonesia. This research develops an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework by incorporating external factors. Data collection involved distributing questionnaires in the form of Google Forms to 5G users across Indonesia, and the questionnaire data obtained has been through data processing conducted by utilizing the Partial List Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS - SEM) method. The results and findings in this study are Perceived Skill Readiness (PSR), Perceived Enjoyment (PEN), Perceived Interactivity (PI) do not have a positive and significant influence on Intention to Use 5G (INT). But for the variables Perceived Ease of Use (PEoU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), and Perceived Resources (PRe) have a positive and significant influence on Intention to Use 5G (INT). For the Perceived Risk (PRi) variable, it does not have a negative and significant effect on Intention to Use 5G (INT), this can be interpreted that users' perceptions of the risks involved in using the 5G network, such as security, privacy, or the effects of wasting quota and power do not significantly affect or hinder their intention to adopt and use the 5G network. According to the author's observations, 5G users are more likely to see the benefits and usefulness of 5G technology compared to the risks. Mobile operators can pay attention to infrastructure deployment, paying attention to always providing 5G services with factors such as higher internet speeds, low latency, reliable connectivity, and the ability to support advanced applications and services can increase perceived usefulness and influence users' intention to use 5G networks."

"Munculnya teknologi 5G telah membuat teknologi tertentu dapat dicapai yang sebelumnya tidak dapat dicapai oleh 4G. Komunikasi Latensi Rendah Ultra-Reliable, sesuai dengan namanya adalah koneksi komunikasi dengan keandalan tinggi dan latensi rendah, Komunikasi Latensi Rendah Ultra-Reliable adalah bagian dari jaringan 5G yang mendukung aplikasi sensitif latensi seperti otomatisasi pabrik, mengemudi otonom, dan smart grid. Salah satu fitur utama Komunikasi Latensi Rendah Ultra-Reliable adalah latensi rendah, latensi rendah memungkinkan transmisi data dalam jumlah besar dalam waktu sesingkat-singkatnya. Komunikasi Ultra-Reliable Low Latency memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan dengan teknologi 4G atau LTE, hal ini dikarenakan jaringan 4G sampai saat ini memiliki latency paling rendah yaitu 4 milidetik sedangkan Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication memiliki latency 1-milidetik yang artinya empat kali lebih cepat atau empat peningkatan efisiensi seratus persen. Dengan persyaratan latensi sangat rendah, Komunikasi Latensi Rendah Ultra-Reliable hanya dapat dimulai dengan teknologi 5G. Namun, kondisi ideal untuk komunikasi latensi rendah yang sangat andal belum tercapai. Oleh karena itu, diusulkan metode reservasi sumber daya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan teknologi Komunikasi Latency Rendah Ultra-Reliable dimana akan dibuat algoritma untuk cadangan sumber daya yang dimiliki oleh komponen jaringan 5G seperti BTS dan peralatan pengguna. Algoritme akan mengelola reservasi pembukaan dan sumber daya lainnya sehingga lalu lintas jaringan Komunikasi Latensi Rendah Ultra-Reliable dapat memenuhi kriteria penundaan yang diharapkan. Dari hasil algoritma yang dibuat menunjukkan keberhasilan pada aspek delay namun untuk aspek reliabilitas masih terdapat kendala dimana jumlah perangkat pengguna masih terbatas. walaupun belum dapat memenuhi visi yang ingin dicapai, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pengembangan penelitian Komunikasi Ultra-Reliable Low Latency lainnya di masa yang akan datang.

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The advent of 5G technology has made certain technologies achievable that were previously unattainable by 4G. Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication, as the name implies is a communication connection with high reliability and low latency, Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication is part of a 5G network that supports latency sensitive applications such as factory automation, autonomous driving and smart grids. One of the main features of Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication is that low latency, low latency enables the transmission of large amounts of data in the shortest amount of time. Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication has a significant difference with 4G or LTE technology, this is because the 4G network to date has the lowest latency of 4 milliseconds while Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication has a 1-millisecond latency which means four times faster or faster. four hundred percent efficiency improvements. With ultra-low latency requirements, Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication can only start with 5G technology. However, the ideal conditions for highly reliable low-latency communication have not yet been achieved. Therefore, a resource reservation method is proposed to meet the needs of Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication technology where an algorithm will be created to reserve resources owned by 5G network components such as BTS and user equipment. The algorithm will manage opening reservations and other resources so that the Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications network traffic can meet the expected delay criteria. From the results of the algorithm made, it shows success in the delay aspect, but for the reliability aspect there are still obstacles where the number of user devices is still limited. although it has not been able to fulfill the vision to be achieved, this research is expected to help the development of other Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication research in the future."

"Gempa bumi, salah satu bencana alam yang sering terjadi di Indonesia dan sering memakan banyak korban jiwa. Sistem peringatan dini terbukti efektif untuk mengurangi jumlah korban jiwa akibat gempa bumi ataupun bencana susulan lainya. Perangkat Internet-of-things berbasis seluler dapat digunakan sebagai perangkat peringatan dini untuk mendeteksi gempa bumi.Ketika banyak perangkat pendeteksi kejadian secara bersamaan melakukan transmisi ke jaringan seluler maka akan terjadi bursty transmission yang mengakibatkan kongesti pada jaringan seluler. Kongesti yang terjadi mengakibatkan peningkatan delay dan penuruan success probability pada prosedur random access jaringan seluler yang dapat mengurangi efektifitas sistem deteksi dini. Pengaturan preamble pada access class dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi dampak kongesti yang terjadi.

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Earthquakes, one of the natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia and often take many lives. The early warning system has proven to be effective in reducing the number of casualties due to earthquakes or other aftershocks. Cellular-based Internet-of-things devices can be used as early warning devices to detect earthquakes. When multiple incident detection devices are simultaneously transmitting to the cellular network, bursty transmission will occur, resulting in congestion on the cellular network. The congestion that occurs results in an increase in delay and a decrease in success probability in random access cellular network procedures which can reduce the effectiveness of the early detection system. Preamble settings on access classes can be used to reduce the impact of congestion that occurs."

"The business of telecommunications is currently undergoing a period of change driven by changes in regulation, increasing demands for services and the development of new access technologies. The market structure of telecommunications is evolving rapidly as new players entering the market and existing players strive to complete in an increasingly volatile market. Moreover the advent of new data services is placing greater demands on the network as operators strive to offer new broadband services.Underpinning much of this change is the access technology itself, both in the transitional form of copper twisted pairs, but increasing through the use of new fibre, radio and copper systems. Indeed the dominant cost of most telecommunication network is the access network itself and typically can demand up to 80% of the total investment required.The book presents an overview of the access network and discusses the technologies that are available. It begins with an introductory chapter defining terms and technologies and goes on to discuss each technology in turn, not only from a technology viewpoint but with a view on how it might be best deployed. Chapters are also included on planning systems and network management, a key aspect of the technology."